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Racially Restrictive Covenants: The Making Of All-White Suburbs In Milwaukee County, Lois M. Quinn

ETI Publications

Migration of African American families to developing suburban areas in the Milwaukee metropolitan area was inhibited by both governmental actions and private discrimination. A study by Lois Quinn of the Metropolitan Integration Research Center in 1979 found racially restrictive covenants operating in at least sixteen of the eighteen Milwaukee County suburbs. Subdivisions established in 1927, for example, in Cudahy, Shorewood, West Milwaukee, Whitefish Bay and Wauwatosa excluded all non-Caucasian families. In the 1930's subdivisions created in Bayside, Fox Point, Glendale, Greenfield, Hales Corners, St. Francis and West Allis were still using covenants to exclude African Americans. As late as 1958, …