Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Citizen Participation Matters. Bureaucratic Discretion Matters More, Sarah L. Young, James Tanner

Faculty and Research Publications

New Public Governance theory increases citizen participation and expands bureaucrats' roles in the work of government. Citizen participation creates new mechanisms for citizens to influence the policy process. Bureaucrats' expanded roles allow for broader bureaucratic discretion over policy implementation. When citizens' and bureaucrats' views on public management decisions collide, whose views prevail? Do citizen volunteers or bureaucrats have greater influence over public decisions? We answer this question by studying the U.S. Department of Energy's initiative to engage citizens in environmental clean-up decisions. We assess 10 years of meeting records and administrative decisions using a three-step, mixed-method analysis to identify, weigh, …

The Effectiveness Of Indigenous Conflict Management Strategies In Localized Contexts, Brandon D. Lundy, Tyler L. Collette, J. Taylor Downs

Faculty and Research Publications

The professionalization of addressing conflict creates a field filled with specialists highly trained to apply modularized and manualized, often evidence-based solutions. But how effective are these professionalized conflict management strategies in Indigenous and localized cultural contexts compared to homegrown Indigenous approaches? While instances of these Indigenous peacebuilding and conflict management strategies are routine throughout the world, to date, no one has attempted to test which conflict management approaches are most effective empirically, nor has the literature sufficiently addressed the contexts in which strategies are most helpful. Using multi-dimensional scaling and chi-square tests of independence applied to a similarity matrix of …

Considering The State And Status Of Internationalization In Western Higher Education, Brian Culp

Faculty and Research Publications

While internationalization is among the top strategic priorities of universities and colleges globally, research into the expanse of internationalization in the kinesiology discipline is not well researched. Given this gap, critical consideration of the state and status of the phenomenon is needed. Knowing more about what is being done in the name of internationalization within kinesiology and reflecting on how those actions and outcomes are aligned, or not, with key theoretical guidance is necessary in order to plan for improvement accordingly. For these reasons, this paper first provides a primer on internationalization in higher education, including how the phenomenon has …

A Global Welcome: Metro Chicago's Approach To Immigrant Inclusion, Paul Mcdaniel, Rob Paral

Faculty and Research Publications

Global cities significantly shape our world by driving solutions across a range of challenges, including migration. A new Chicago Council report, A Global Welcome: Metro Chicago’s Approach to Immigrant Inclusion, provides an overview of greater Chicago’s immigrant community and highlights unique approaches taken to create a more inclusive city, while also emphasizing ways for Chicago and other cities to improve. The report is authored by Paul N. McDaniel, Associate Professor of Geography at Kennesaw State University, and Rob Paral, Nonresident Fellow at the Chicago Council.

National Security Vs. Human Rights: A Game Theoretic Analysis Of The Tension Between These Objectives, Aniruddha Bagchi, Jomon Aliyas Paul

Faculty and Research Publications

We explore why human rights violations take place in the midst of a rebellion. Authoritarian governments may not care for human rights but surprisingly several democratic governments have also condoned such violations. We show that the primary cause of such violations is faulty intelligence. There are two type of defective intelligence that can occur viz., missed alarm and false alarm. We consider each of these cases and determine the optimal human rights standard of the government. We then examine the effect of a decrease in the human rights standard on the probability of quelling the rebellion. In our theoretical model, …

Simple Analytics Of The Impact Of Terror Generation On Attacker-Defender Interactions, Timothy Mathews, Aniruddha Bagchi, Joao Faria

Faculty and Research Publications

A simple Attacker-Defender interaction is analyzed, in which a single terrorist (denoted T) will potentially attack a single target in the homeland of a government/state (denoted G). This interaction is modeled as a one-shot sequential move game in which G first chooses how heavily to defend the target, after which T chooses whether or not to stage an attack. T's benefit from a successful attack is allowed to be increasing in the amount of resources that G allocates to defense. In the context of terrorism, this has multiple reasonable interpretations, including situations in which: (i) citizens of the target country …

A Model Of A Multilateral Proxy War With Spillovers, Aniruddha Bagchi, Joao Faria, Timothy Mathews

Faculty and Research Publications

Motivated by the war in Syria and the ascension of ISIS, this paper models a proxy war with three sponsors and three combatants as a dynamic game. Sponsors are leaders that provide resources for combatants to fight each other. Sponsors 1 and 2 have strong aversion to sponsor 3's proxy, but not against each other. Three pure strategy equilibria exist in the game. When the ex post value of winning is small, all players fight in equilibrium. However, when the ex post value of winning is large, in equilibrium either sponsors 1 and 2 coordinate their actions, with one of …

A Study Of The Effects Of Certificate Of Need Law On Inpatient Occupancy Rates, Jomon Aliyas Paul, Huan Ni, Aniruddha Bagchi

Faculty and Research Publications

Increasing healthcare costs and the deterioration of healthcare quality have always been major concerns to policy makers in the United States, and Certificate of Need (CON) Law has been implemented as one way to curb wasteful healthcare resource use. Theoretically, CON can lead to a reduction in the number of beds as well as in the number of inpatient days (possibly by shortening the length of patient stay). However, these two effects impact inpatient occupancy rate in opposite directions. We test empirically to find out which of these two effects dominate. In this study, we investigate the impact of CON …

Building A Knowledge-Based Foundation For Mediation Practice & Program Administration, Susan S. Raines

Faculty and Research Publications

This article will summarize some recent, groundbreaking research that tests long-0held assumptions made by supporters of mediation and ADR. It turns out that some were warranted, while others were not. Only by building our mediation practice upon a firm foundation of knowledge can we ensure its future sustainability.

Religious Vs. Secular Human Rights Organizations: Discourse, Framing And Action, Charity Butcher, Maia Hallward

Faculty and Research Publications

The study of human rights is dominated by secular voices; however, increasingly the study of international relations recognizes the tension and interplay between the religious and the secular, and the impetus for human rights work has often come from a religious or moral foundation. Although understudied, religious NGOs and religious beliefs and universal ethics have long shaped discourses on human rights in the United Nations. This paper explores the ways in which religious and secular human rights organizations frame, discuss, legitimize and operationalize human rights issues and priorities. Through document analysis and interviews with members of international human rights organizations, …

Ombuds As Nomads? The Intersections Of Dispute System Design And Identity, Tim Hedeen

Faculty and Research Publications

Whether providing requested information, careful attention, informal coaching, impartial mediation, or upward feedback, ombuds operate within an “oscillating space” occasioned by contending purposes of their work. Their relationships to both their visitors and their host organization confer a dynamic identity, as they are at once supporting the visitor and supporting the organization. With which does an ombudsman identify, their organization or their visitor? Can the answer be both? This article will explore the opportunities and challenges arising from this tension.

Policy Considerations Regarding The Integration Of Lusophone West African Immigrant Populations, Kezia Lartey, Brandon D. Lundy

Faculty and Research Publications

On January 23, 2012, Resolution No. 3 enacted the National Immigration Strategy for the island nation of Cabo Verde, the first of its kind in the country. As a buffer nation to Western Europe with a rapidly developing economy and good governance indicators, Cabo Verde is transitioning from a sending and transit country to a receiving nation for African mainlanders, especially from Guinea-Bissau. How effective are these immigration policies at managing these changing mobility patterns? Are immigrants successfully integrating into host communities? How might integration be handled more effectively? This policy briefing reports integration successes and failures from ethnographic research …

E-Government As A Tool For Stability And Socio-Economic Development In Post-Conflict Libya., Abdulmajid H. Mohamed

Faculty and Research Publications

Usually, great challenges lie ahead of any post-conflict government, especially in states that have historically been under dictatorship, like Libya. It has been six years since the violent regime change that took place in Libya in 2011, yet no signs of improvement is foreseen in public service delivery and constructive citizen participation in influencing national policy formation and evaluation. In fact, the situation of public services has been worsened due to the absence of political and executive power from a strong, united government. The resulting widespread of collective frustration and political uncertainty has become a catalyst for a more defective …

High-Impact Practices In Anthropology: Creating A Bridge Between Liberal Arts And Neoliberal Values, Susan Kirkpatrick Smith, Brandon D. Lundy, Cheyenne Dahlmann

Faculty and Research Publications

Neoliberal values are dramatically affecting higher education in the United States, with a focus on running these institutions as businesses and molding students into productive workers. This shift toward training and away from traditional liberal arts education at U.S. universities and colleges has occurred even as studies demonstrate that the ability to adapt in a rapidly evolving marketplace promotes long-term professional success. While neoliberalism and traditional liberal arts education are often seen as antithetical, we show how one anthropology program has combined these values into pedagogical practice through a select subset of high impact practices to improve academic outcomes for …

Sidestepping Interdisciplinary Irrelevance—Current Approaches To Peace & Conflict Graduate Programs, Joseph G. Bock, Amanda Guidero

Faculty and Research Publications

What do you tell a prospective graduate student who asks about job opportunities for interdisciplinary degree holders, such as in International Conflict Management (or other degrees oriented toward peace and justice studies)? First, you make the point that the degree is both academic and practice-oriented. In fact, it can be viewed as a design or applied science—design in the sense of architecture, though the artifact is a peace agreement, a policy, a program, or a diplomatic initiative; applied in that it seeks to prepare people to solve real-world problems

Bridging The Gap Between Human Rights And Peace: An Analysis Of Ngos And The United Nations Human Rights Council, Charity Butcher, Maia Carter Hallward

Faculty and Research Publications

While the concepts of human rights and peace are increasingly linked in the study and practice of International Relations, there is great variance and inconsistency in how the concept of peace is discussed in the study and practice of human rights. We conduct an examination of the websites of human rights nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) affiliated with the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva, Switzerland, to explore whether and how human rights and peace are linked. Religiously-affiliated and women’s NGOs typically link these concepts, while non-Western NGOs stress peace over human rights.

Entrepreneurship And Innovation In Welcoming Cities: Lessons From Chicago, Dayton, And Nashville, Paul Mcdaniel

Faculty and Research Publications

In the face of America’s changing demographics, future prosperity depends in partupon the ability of local communities to attract and retain a diverse population withdiverse sets of skills. In the native-born population, there are fewer births and moreretirements. That demographic fact has been compounded by the decline of largemanufacturing companies that metropolitan areas relied upon in the past to growtheir populations and economies. Increasingly, cities and regions looking to stempopulation decline and stimulate economic growth are seeking to attract immigrantsand encourage immigrant entrepreneurship. Immigrants play an outsize role inestablishing “main street” businesses (retail, accommodation and food services,and neighborhood services), which …

Where The Rubber Meets The Clouds: Anticipated Developments In Conflict And Conflict Resolution Theory, Heather Pincock, Timothy Hedeen

Faculty and Research Publications

No abstract provided.

Pancasila: Roadblock Or Pathway To Economic Development, Marcus Marktanner, Maureen Wilson

Faculty and Research Publications

When Sukarno (1901-1970) led Indonesia towards independence from the Dutch, he rallied his supporters behind the vision of Pancasila (five principles). And although Sukarno used different wordings on different occasions and ranked the five principles differently in different speeches, Pancasila entered Indonesia’s constitution as follows: (1) Belief in one God, (2) Just and civilized humanity, (3) Indonesian unity, (4) Democracy under the wise guidance of representative consultations, (5) Social justice for all the peoples of Indonesia (Pancasila, 2013).

Pancasila is a normative value system. This requires that a Pancasila economic framework must be the means towards the realization of this …

Role Of Intelligence Inputs In Defending Against Cyber Warfare And Cyber Terrorism, Aniruddha Bagchi

Faculty and Research Publications

No abstract provided.

The Future Of The Profession(S), Susan S. Raines

Faculty and Research Publications

The skills and processes of ADR are indeed more broadly dispersed throughout society. Over the past decade, ADR and Conflict Resolution (CR) concepts and skills have been added to the core curricula and continuing education trainings in most fields, from law and medicine to engineering, education, and business management. The term “mediation” is rarely confused with “meditation” as it once was. Increasingly, terms like “mediation”, “arbitration”, and “ombudsman” are used in the media without the need to define them for the general public. Children have learned peer mediation in schools along with the interest-based negotiation model and listening skills. Indeed, …

Revitalization In The Heartland Of America: Welcoming Immigrant Entrepreneurs For Economic Development, Paul Mcdaniel

Faculty and Research Publications

A potent combination of declining population growth and economic stagnation has led many citiesand metropolitan regions to rethink how to reinvigorate their communities. The Midwest is a primeexample of this trend. According to the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, “the Midwest cannot hopeto keep up with other regions or international competitors without a vital entrepreneurial sector.”1 TheCouncil notes that “immigrants, risk takers by nature, are unusually successful entrepreneurs, morethan twice as likely as native-born Americans to start their own firms.”2 As a result, immigration is oneof the strategies to which communities are repeatedly turning to fuel economic growth. A buddingplace-based …

Secondary Diaspora: Cape Verdean Immigration To The Southeastern United States, Jessica Lopes, Brandon Lundy

Faculty and Research Publications

Diasporas are fluid cultural constructs that foster identity, community, and connections over time, distance, and social space. This study explores a derivative secondary diaspora to illustrate how and why diasporas are interesting social phenomena established out of complex socio-cultural, economic, and political conditions. Outside of the large Cape Verdean diaspora of New England, relatively little is known about other U.S. Cape Verdean communities. How do they maintain ties to both the primary diaspora in New England and their Cape Verdean homeland? This research examines second and third wave moves that push and pull individuals and families beyond established diasporic communities. …

The Digital Natives Are Restless: Engaging High Conflict Parents Through Technology, Sherrill Hayes

Faculty and Research Publications

When I started working as a parenting coordinator (PC) in 2006, I envisioned a practice filled with uncomfortable and heated conversations around a table. But while there have been plenty of heated conversations, they have taken a different form than I expected. I have spent a lot of time, and had some of my most challenging experiences, not in meetings or other face-to-face encounters but rather in listening to lengthy unfocused voicemails, reading and editing inflammatory emails, and teaching the fundamentals of netiquette to parents who had forgotten their e-manners.

I have found that many parents have little or no …

Espionage And The Optimal Standard Of The C-Tpat Program In Port Security, Aniruddha Bagchi, Jomon Aliyas Paul

Faculty and Research Publications

No abstract provided.

Corruption, Public Integrity, And Globalization In South-Eastern European States: A Comparative Analysis, Andrew I. E. Ewoh, Ani Matei, Lucica Matei

Faculty and Research Publications

The last three decades have witnessed a proliferation of studies on the globalization of corruption or convergence of anticorruption strategies. These studies have been motivated by scholarly concerns from various administrative, economic, and political fields. In view of these interdisciplinary concerns, the purpose of this article is to provide a comparative analysis of corruption phenomena and the demand for public integrity because these developments pertain to the discourse on globalization issues in some South-Eastern European nations within the last decade. The article concludes that the differences observed in these countries are due to their level of maturation in the democratic …

Armor All: The Self-Conception Of Private Security Contractors, Volker C. Franke

Faculty and Research Publications

Whereas the values, attitudes and motivations of soldiers serving in their countries’ armed forces have been widely studied, to date we know very little about the motivations and self-conception of individuals working for the private security industry. Using data obtained through an online survey, this article explores the values, attitudes and identity of more than 200 private security contractors with law enforcement backgrounds and operational experience with a security firm in Iraq. Contrary to media dominating images of ruthless, money-grabbing mercenaries, respondents in this sample adhered to attitudes and values very similar to those of professional soldiers serving in Western …

Comparative Analysis Of Municipal Public Services In Romania And The United States: The Case Of Water And Wastewater Services, Andrew I. E. Ewoh, Lucica Matei

Faculty and Research Publications

Some of the most important basic services provided by any level of government are the primary responsibility of municipalities, and urban managers devote more time and attention in making sure that these services are delivered. The availability of public services in any local jurisdiction usually depends on location, history, laws and regulations. Some local governments use alternative service delivery such as public-private partnerships, intergovernmental agreements, and contracting out or privatization. Using an exploratory case study approach, this paper provides a comparative analysis of water and wastewater services in Romania and the United States. Six cities were selected from both countries …

Housing And Human Services: Intergenerational Policy Considerations, Tony Carrizales, Andrew I.E. Ewoh

Faculty and Research Publications

The Journal of Public Management and Social Policy begins its seventeenth volume by examining various issues that not only impact people today, but have policy implications for future generations. Intergenerational social policy is a critical discussion for academic and practitioners to continually have and we hope this particular issue of JPMSP furthers those discussions. Some underscoring themes found in this issue's articles include housing and human services. Overall, the issue brings together five general articles in the first issue of this seventeenth volume of JPMSP.

Counting The Impossible: Sampling And Modeling To Achieve A Large State Homeless Count, Jennifer L. Priestley, Jane Massey

Faculty and Research Publications

Objective: Using inferential statistics, we develop estimates of the homeless population of a geographically large and economically diverse state -- Georgia.

Methods: Multiple independent data sources (2000 U.S. Census, the 2006 Georgia County Guide, Georgia Chamber of Commerce) were used to develop Clusters of the 150 Georgia Counties. These clusters were used as "strata" to then execute traified sampling. Homeless counts were conducted within the sample counties, allowing for multiple regression models to be developed to generate predictions of homeless persons by county.

Results: In response to a mandate from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development, the State …