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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Exploring Relationships Between Perfectionism, Social Anxiety, And Post-Event Rumination, Xavier Brown, Patrick Cushen Nov 2020

Exploring Relationships Between Perfectionism, Social Anxiety, And Post-Event Rumination, Xavier Brown, Patrick Cushen

Scholars Week

Disruptive cognitive biases are often problems for people with anxiety-related disorders. For those individuals with social anxiety, one common bias is negative post-event rumination. This bias involves people with social anxiety remembering and distorting past experiences by focusing on negative details and perceptions. This bias may also be key to maintaining social anxiety as it feeds into the cycle of distress associated with social experiences. Another factor that may relate to a person’s likelihood of demonstrating this bias is their level of perfectionism. Two aspects of perfectionism may be related to post-event rumination: socially prescribed perfectionism (thinking that others expect …


Gender Differences And Social Judgements Of Face Masks, Katherine Link, Daphne J. Jackson, Jessica M. Criddle, Jana Hackathorn Nov 2020

Gender Differences And Social Judgements Of Face Masks, Katherine Link, Daphne J. Jackson, Jessica M. Criddle, Jana Hackathorn

Scholars Week

This study seeks to investigate whether face masks influence social judgements of first impressions. Ratings of trustworthiness in strangers has been linked to smiling and facial features. With the Coronavirus pandemic still running rampant in today’s society it has become a social norm to wear a face mask out in public. Due to the fact that a facemask obscures half of an individual’s face, it is expected that the presence of a face mask will influence first impressions. Additionally, gender differences have also been associated with social judgments, in that females are often perceived more positively (e.g., trustworthy) than males. …


Self-Compassion, Anticipatory Anxiety, And Fear Of Evaluation In Social Anxiety, Brooke Short, Alexandria Sherman, Kayla Clarke, Jacob Barnette Nov 2020

Self-Compassion, Anticipatory Anxiety, And Fear Of Evaluation In Social Anxiety, Brooke Short, Alexandria Sherman, Kayla Clarke, Jacob Barnette

Scholars Week

Self-compassion involves treating yourself with kindness instead of judgement, understanding that pain and failure is experienced by everyone instead of isolating oneself, and being mindfully aware of painful thoughts and feelings instead of ruminating on them (Neff, 2003). The present study is interested in self-compassion's effect on social anxiety; it is a replication of a recent study (Harwood & Kocovski, 2017) and an attempt to extend its findings. Harwood and Kocovski (2017) found that, among participants higher in social anxiety, those who completed a self-compassion writing task experienced less anticipatory anxiety before a speech task in comparison to those who …


(S)He Said What Behind My Back: The Negative Effects Of Gossip, Hillary Copeland Nov 2020

(S)He Said What Behind My Back: The Negative Effects Of Gossip, Hillary Copeland

Scholars Week

Gossip can be defined as communication within a social context directed towards the evaluation of absent others (Foster, 2004), and likely evolved as an advantage for our ancestors to build social bonds and maintain group stability (Dunbar, 2004). The ubiquitous nature of gossip suggests significant influences on group dynamics, particularly when associated with factors related to social functions, such as influence, friendship, information, or entertainment (Foster, 2004; Peters et al., 2017; Wu et al., 2016). The current study examined the effects of gossip on the evaluations of absent targets. Undergraduate participants (N = 128) were presented with short biographies …


Can I Hit Your Juul? Nicotine Motives & Accessibility In College Students, Ashlen Grubbs Nov 2020

Can I Hit Your Juul? Nicotine Motives & Accessibility In College Students, Ashlen Grubbs

Scholars Week

The purpose of this project was to examine the associations between nicotine dependency, motives, and the impact of new laws on college student nicotine patterns. Motives for smoking can also be analyzed through categorizing motives into primary and secondary motives (Piasecki, et. al., 2011). Primary motives are reasons such as habit, tolerance, cravings, and loss of control (Piasecki, et. el., 2011). All motives for smoking have been shown to have a positive correlation with nicotine dependence except smoking to lose weight and for socialization (McEwen, et. al., 2008). Yet conflicting research by Aloise-Young, Grant, and Hansen (1994) indicates that smoking …


Face Masks And Ambiguity In Expressions: A Barrier To Social Affiliation?, Jessica Criddle, Daphne J. Jackson, Katherine D. Link Nov 2020

Face Masks And Ambiguity In Expressions: A Barrier To Social Affiliation?, Jessica Criddle, Daphne J. Jackson, Katherine D. Link

Scholars Week

First impressions are a key component of the formation of social relationships. Facial expressions and facial features inform impressions leading to social affiliation, such as trustworthiness. The usage of face masks, common with the incidence of COVID-19, veils features giving information on trustworthiness, attractiveness, and other factors informing social impressions. Existing literature shows ambiguity in expressions and in social situations can make individuals less trusting of others. This is prevalent in those intolerant of uncertainty or with a high need for closure, which is the need to find answers in ambiguous situations. Together, these findings suggest that ambiguity of facial …


Am I Laughing At What You're Laughing At?: The Relationship Between Humor And Empathy, Connor Brown Nov 2020

Am I Laughing At What You're Laughing At?: The Relationship Between Humor And Empathy, Connor Brown

Scholars Week

How and when does someone decide to tell a joke? The current study is focused primarily on examining the relationship between using humor to communicate and empathy. It was hypothesized that there will be a positive correlation between using humor to communicate and empathy. This furthers previous research which has only commonly looked at enjoying humor as it correlates to empathy (Hampes, 2001; 2010). The current study was administered as an online survey to undergraduate participants (N = 70), and measured using communicative humor, and empathy, as well as other individual difference traits such as openness and conscientiousness. Results of …


Understanding Shame As A Barrier To Psychological Safety, Sabrina Moon Oct 2020

Understanding Shame As A Barrier To Psychological Safety, Sabrina Moon

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

This session investigates a commonly avoided barrier to psychological safety that is often not discussed, especially in professional settings - that barrier is called shame. We will explore and outline the importance of understanding shame, how it shows up in our organizations and the skills of developing shame resilience. Participants will take part in an interactive presentation and will be introduced to concepts and methods through storytelling and behavioral analysis. They will also walk away with awareness of why shame shows up in our lives, strategies to develop shame resilience and self awareness, the difference between the 4 self conscious …


The Role Of Organizational Climate In Creating A Safe And Healthy Work Environment, Robert R. Sinclair Oct 2020

The Role Of Organizational Climate In Creating A Safe And Healthy Work Environment, Robert R. Sinclair

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

A now large body of research has investigated the role of organizational climate in creating a safer and healthier workplace. In this presentation, I will introduce the general idea of organizational climate, differentiate climate from related concepts, and describe applications of organizational climate research specifically with regard to safety and health concerns. I then will provide several evidence-based recommendations from the organizational psychology literature about how to create an organizational climate that supports employees' safety, health, and well-being.


Your Email Didn't Find Me Well: Employee Perceptions Of Work And Feeling Safe During Covid-19, J. Drake Terry, Konstantin P. Cigularov, Phillip Dillulio, Miranda Maverick, Kate Warnock Oct 2020

Your Email Didn't Find Me Well: Employee Perceptions Of Work And Feeling Safe During Covid-19, J. Drake Terry, Konstantin P. Cigularov, Phillip Dillulio, Miranda Maverick, Kate Warnock

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused massive disruptions to work and threats to employee well-being. A recent study found that 69% of U.S. workers claimed that this pandemic has been the most stressful time of their entire professional career, including major events like the September 11 terror attacks and the 2008 Great Recession (Ginger, 2020). In this session, we will present preliminary findings from our current studies identifying the most critical job demands related to the pandemic among employees from four occupational groups: university employees, public sector employees, gym employees, and clergy. We will also review the growing …


Creating A Climate Of Safety For Black Workers In America, Enrica N. Ruggs Oct 2020

Creating A Climate Of Safety For Black Workers In America, Enrica N. Ruggs

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

2020 has seen a racial reckoning unlike one we have seen since the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. The killing of George Floyd and others, along with other societal issues have spurred racial unrest in the US. In this talk I will discuss the ways that societal racial unrest that leads to racial trauma can spillover and negatively affect people, particularly Black people at work. Then I will discuss ways that coworkers and organizations can start to create safe spaces for Black people to process trauma when coping with racism from outside and within organizations.


Examining The Relationship Between Applicant Reactions And Selection Test Performance: Is The Relationship Curvilinear?, Catherine Meyer, Yalcin Acikgoz, Jacob Leslie Oct 2020

Examining The Relationship Between Applicant Reactions And Selection Test Performance: Is The Relationship Curvilinear?, Catherine Meyer, Yalcin Acikgoz, Jacob Leslie

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

There is evidence in the literature that negative reactions to employee selection procedures such as high anxiety and low motivation are related to poor performance by job applicants on a selection test (McCarthy, Van Iddekinge, Lievens, Kung, Sinar, Campion, 2013). However, to date the studies examining this relationship were correlational, meaning that no causal relationship could be established. This implies that while it is possible that negative reactions predict low test performance, it is also plausible that the reverse is true (i.e., poor performance at the early stages of a selection test leads to high anxiety and low motivation) or …


Understanding Resilience As A Mediator On Mindfulness And Burnout, Kaitlyn Berry, Alexander Jackson Oct 2020

Understanding Resilience As A Mediator On Mindfulness And Burnout, Kaitlyn Berry, Alexander Jackson

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Resilience is a protective factor that allows an individual to overcome adversity such as trauma and large workloads. Resilience has been heavily studied both from the viewpoint of its countering effects to unfavorable outcomes and its relation to personality and other intraindividual variables. Mindfulness is one intraindividual trait that has been previously shown to be positively related to resilience. Mindfulness has also been negatively related to measures of psychological adjustment such as burnout. Past studies have failed to evaluate the relationship between these as resilience may mediate these relationships. A model proposed by Rees et al. (2015) to explain resilience …


"Hey, Are You Busy Right Now?" Stressor Appraisals Of Interruptions To Workflow, Camille Wheatley, Kristen Jennings Black Oct 2020

"Hey, Are You Busy Right Now?" Stressor Appraisals Of Interruptions To Workflow, Camille Wheatley, Kristen Jennings Black

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Academic research has studied interruptions to workflow under the pretext that all face-to-face interruptions are negative events, finding that frequent interruptions cause increases in employee stress and productivity loss. However, it is likely that not all interruptions are perceived as stressful by employees. Some interruptions could even be considered rejuvenating experiences that provide employees with renewed energy to return to their work tasks. We propose that employees’ stressor appraisals of various interruption events vary due to the characteristics of the event such as the content of the conversation and the length of the interaction. The proposed study is designed to …


Examining The Relationship Between Applicant Reactions And Selection Test Performance: Is The Relationship Curvilinear?, Catherine Meyer, Yalcin Acikgoz, Jacob Leslie Oct 2020

Examining The Relationship Between Applicant Reactions And Selection Test Performance: Is The Relationship Curvilinear?, Catherine Meyer, Yalcin Acikgoz, Jacob Leslie

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

There is evidence in the literature that negative reactions to employee selection procedures such as high anxiety and low motivation are related to poor performance by job applicants on a selection test (McCarthy, Van Iddekinge, Lievens, Kung, Sinar, Campion, 2013). However, to date the studies examining this relationship were correlational, meaning that no causal relationship could be established. This implies that while it is possible that negative reactions predict low test performance, it is also plausible that the reverse is true (i.e., poor performance at the early stages of a selection test leads to high anxiety and low motivation) or …


Applicant Perceptions Of Fairness And Equity In Selection, Megan Warrenbrand, Alexandra Zelin, Christopher J. L. Cunningham, Brian J. O'Leary Oct 2020

Applicant Perceptions Of Fairness And Equity In Selection, Megan Warrenbrand, Alexandra Zelin, Christopher J. L. Cunningham, Brian J. O'Leary

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Machine-learning algorithms provide organizations with the opportunity to quickly and efficiently process information about potential employees while reducing costs associated with selection and turnover. However, any bias or error present in the programming as a result of information drawn from historically biased data is evident in the algorithm output (Illingworth, 2015). Additionally, human decision-makers rely on deductive reasoning by creating hypotheses, examining several variables, and drawing formal conclusions between the predictor variables and outcomes (Tambe et al., 2019). Recently, there has been growing fairness and equity concerns about the risks associated with the use of algorithms in selection processes from …


An Examination Of Ethnic Subgroup Score Differences Between Different Types Of Situational Judgement Tests, Brent Larison Oct 2020

An Examination Of Ethnic Subgroup Score Differences Between Different Types Of Situational Judgement Tests, Brent Larison

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Situational Judgement Tests (SJTs) are assessments which place the respondent in a situation where they are asked to select, rate, or respond with the best given answer for a given scenario. One current issue for the use of SJTs today is finding ways to reduce levels of ethnic subgroup differences in scores which can lead to adverse impact. The purpose of the current study is to examine the components of SJTs having potential in reducing ethnic subgroup differences in scores. While there is ample research suggesting there are differences in ethnic subgroup scores that can be found using different formats …


Easing The Return To Normalcy: Reintegrating Victims Of Domestic Violence Into The Workplace V2.0, Corrine Wolfe, Alexandra I. Zelin Oct 2020

Easing The Return To Normalcy: Reintegrating Victims Of Domestic Violence Into The Workplace V2.0, Corrine Wolfe, Alexandra I. Zelin

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Domestic violence (DV) is a major public health crisis that can have long-lasting, detrimental effects on its victims. Often, the effects of DV can translate into the victim’s workplace, reduce employee productivity, and/or result in an increase in absences. When victims miss work due to a DV-related incident, they typically need help to reintegrate back into the workplace, and even those victims that do not miss an extended period of work still need ongoing organizational support. It is important that employers understand the costs DV can have in terms of absent and distracted employees as well as the opportunities and …


An Active Shooter Training Video And The Extended Parallel Process Model: The Role Of Dismissive Contexts, Benjamin D. Schulte Oct 2020

An Active Shooter Training Video And The Extended Parallel Process Model: The Role Of Dismissive Contexts, Benjamin D. Schulte

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

It is not unreasonable for organizations to be interested in preparing their employees for an active shooter event. One mode of doing so is to require that employees view an active shooter training video. Little research, however, has examined the effectiveness of such videos. The current proposal examines the Avoid Deny Defend (ADD) active shooter training video. The effectiveness of the video may be understood in terms of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM). The EPPM explains how fear appeals—or messages that arouse fear in order to persuade one to adopt recommended behaviors—can be successful. The model posits that fear …


Paid Time Off (Pto): Work Stress As A Potential Moderator Between Workaholism And Pto Usage, Natalie French Oct 2020

Paid Time Off (Pto): Work Stress As A Potential Moderator Between Workaholism And Pto Usage, Natalie French

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

The aim of the current study is to examine the relationship between individual paid time off (PTO) usage and worker characteristics including, workaholism, work stress, and work engagement. Workaholism, the compulsive need to work excessively (Clark et al., 2016), has been related to several negative work and life outcomes such as burnout (Moyer et al., 2017) and higher levels of stress (Aziz et al., 2018). Work life balance initiatives, including PTO, are created in an effort to alleviate stress and have shown to improve overall life satisfaction (Blair-Loy & Wharton, 2002). However, the relationship between the work life initiatives and …


Workplace Telepressure And Workaholism: Ict Boundary Creation As A Potential Moderator, Emily Wilder, Shahnaz Aziz Oct 2020

Workplace Telepressure And Workaholism: Ict Boundary Creation As A Potential Moderator, Emily Wilder, Shahnaz Aziz

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

The goal of this study is to investigate the relationships between workplace telepressure, workaholism, and information and communication technology (ICT) boundary creation. Workaholism is the compulsive need to work incessantly (Oates, 1971). It has been linked with adverse effects such as work stress, sleep problems, burnout, physical complaints, and lower mental health (Andreassen et al., 2018; Clark et al., 2016). A work-related construct associated with similar negative outcomes (e.g., physical exhaustion, burnout, sleep problems, and poor work-life balance; Barber et al., 2019; Kao et al., 2020; Santuzzi & Barber, 2018) is workplace telepressure. Workplace telepressure is the urge and preoccupation …


Appraisal-Tendency Framework And Gender: A Moderator In The Emotions And Judgement Process, Sarah Tucker, Alexander T. Jackson, Satoris Howes, Kaitlyn Berry Oct 2020

Appraisal-Tendency Framework And Gender: A Moderator In The Emotions And Judgement Process, Sarah Tucker, Alexander T. Jackson, Satoris Howes, Kaitlyn Berry

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

The study aims to clarify and understand the role that gender has on perceptions of justice through placement of blame and emotion. The Appraisal Tendency Framework explains how emotion impacts judgements, and the fairness theory explores how blame placement affects perceptions of justice. This research explores the impact of gender on both models. This study will utilize a 2 (emotional induction) x 2 (gender of actor) design. In the emotional induction portion, participants will view clips from movies to induce either sadness or anger. Following the video clip, all participants will be asked to write about a time they either …


Y'All Ain't Fair: Discrimination Against Southern Accents In Hiring Decisions, Brenna Armfield Oct 2020

Y'All Ain't Fair: Discrimination Against Southern Accents In Hiring Decisions, Brenna Armfield

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

This research proposal investigates how southern accents impact hiring decisions. Specifically, it examines whether an applicant with a neutral American accent will be hired at a higher rate than an applicant with a southern accent. Perceived professionalism, competence, and intelligence are suggested mediators for the relationship between accent and hiring decision. Additionally, it is hypothesized that perceived similarity and geographical location will moderate the relationship between accent and evaluations related to hiring (professionalism, competence, and intelligence). Participants will be sampled from a geographically diverse range of universities and randomly assigned to one of four conditions: female applicant with a neutral …


The Disgust Sensitivity Scale, Ivory Tran Oct 2020

The Disgust Sensitivity Scale, Ivory Tran

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

This study proposes a new measure of disgust sensitivity, specifically in four domains: core, animal-reminder, contamination-based, and moral-sexual disgust. The measure will be called the Disgust Sensitivity Scale (DSS). Previous measures have not been successful in showing an association between the moral-sexual disgust domain and overall disgust sensitivity. One of the suggested reasons is that moral and sexual transgressions often elicit a combination of anger and disgust rather than disgust alone. Thus, the current study attempts to measure moral-sexual disgust by designing test items that specifically target disgust as the elicited emotion. As the Disgust Scale – Revised (DS–R) is …


Using The Job Demands-Resources Model To Predict Burnout In Police Officers In The Uk And The Us, Jackie Keaton, Kristen J. Black, Jonathan Houdmont Oct 2020

Using The Job Demands-Resources Model To Predict Burnout In Police Officers In The Uk And The Us, Jackie Keaton, Kristen J. Black, Jonathan Houdmont

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model has been used in a number of research studies to predict burnout among human service professionals, including police officers. Rates of burnout among police officers can vary widely between countries and types of officers, which necessitates further exploration of the workplace stressors and conditions that impact how and why police officers experience burnout. In this study I will examine data from two samples of police officers, one from the United Kingdom and one from the United States, to explore if certain demands and resources have different weights in contributing to burnout for police officers in …


Linking Psychology Curriculum With Career Skills: The Faculty Perspective, Andrea Montoya, Jenna Hochstetler, Alexa Sterling, Kelly Gardner, Shawn Bergman Oct 2020

Linking Psychology Curriculum With Career Skills: The Faculty Perspective, Andrea Montoya, Jenna Hochstetler, Alexa Sterling, Kelly Gardner, Shawn Bergman

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

The popularity of the psychology degree among undergraduate students demonstrates the widespread appeal of a degree that incorporates an understanding of social constructs, behaviorism, individual motivations, empirical research designs, levels of statistical analysis, and a deeper understanding of problem-solving. Despite the various skills psychology students gain in their training, these students are chronically unemployed in the workforce. One possible reason for their unemployment may be that many psychology students and graduates struggle to identify transferable skills acquired from their core undergraduate psychology courses and relate to potential employers. The proposed study aims to address this gap by developing and administering …


App Vs Covid, Logan Wellersdick, Samantha Daniels, Aaron Carpenter, Ava Young, Connor Linden, Royale Nicholson, Timothy Ludwig Oct 2020

App Vs Covid, Logan Wellersdick, Samantha Daniels, Aaron Carpenter, Ava Young, Connor Linden, Royale Nicholson, Timothy Ludwig

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Across the world, the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is changing the landscape of the way in which people live and behave. Practicing infection control behaviors as set forth by the CDC, WHO, and other public health organizations is imperative on college campuses around the country where population density is high and frequent interactions are practiced by students. Behavioral interventions have been documented to work in industry to reduce injury, as well as in health promotion and infection prevention; therefore, behavioral interventions are predicted to be effective in slowing the spread of COVID-19. While most studies are looking at the outcomes of …


Moving Toward Sustainability: An Investigation Into The Relationship Between Esg Scores And Organizational Outcomes In Hrm, Nicolas Simard, Shawn Bergman, Jim Westerman Ph.D, Yalcin Acigkoz Oct 2020

Moving Toward Sustainability: An Investigation Into The Relationship Between Esg Scores And Organizational Outcomes In Hrm, Nicolas Simard, Shawn Bergman, Jim Westerman Ph.D, Yalcin Acigkoz

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

The issue of sustainability in business has been a central topic of interest for some time. The role of Human Resource Management (HRM) professionals within those sustainable efforts may not be immediately apparent, but as a growing body of research in the field indicates, HRM Professionals are essential to successful company-wide sustainable initiatives. It would only make sense, then, that the impact of sustainable measures on HR outcomes be studied at length; using data from thousands of companies, our study examines the potential correlations between HR practices and sustainable efforts in business. This study will investigate the relationships that exist …


Generating A Predictive Model For Injury Rates For A Chemical Manufacturing Company, Jacob Ledford, Charles Riggs Matthews, Haley Henderson, Catherine Parks, Samuel Biggs, Royale Nicholson, Shawn Bergman, Yalcin Acikgoz, Timothy Ludwig Oct 2020

Generating A Predictive Model For Injury Rates For A Chemical Manufacturing Company, Jacob Ledford, Charles Riggs Matthews, Haley Henderson, Catherine Parks, Samuel Biggs, Royale Nicholson, Shawn Bergman, Yalcin Acikgoz, Timothy Ludwig

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Workplace safety is not a new field of study, but the application of data analytics as a predictive tool is relatively new to the area. Beyond the obvious harm caused to workers, fatal and nonfatal injuries accrue a significant financial burden nationwide. Previous safety measures have focused largely on reactive tools. While these have done a significant job reducing nonfatal workplace injuries, they have done little to assuage fatal ones. Predictive analysis may be the next step in reducing workplace injury. By mining and processing safety-related data, predictive analysis can inform employers of high risk situations before they happen. By …


Linking Psychology Curriculum With Career Skills: The Student Perspective, John Lang, Shawn Bergman, Donovan Mattox, Mulan Lee, John Lang Oct 2020

Linking Psychology Curriculum With Career Skills: The Student Perspective, John Lang, Shawn Bergman, Donovan Mattox, Mulan Lee, John Lang

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Students who obtain a bachelor’s degree in psychology gain a variety of knowledge and build an understanding of social constructs, behaviorism, empirical research designs, levels of statistical analysis, and a deeper understanding of problem-solving. However, psychology students who directly enter the workforce face dauntingly high unemployment rates despite having gained these skills . A possible explanation for psychology graduates’ chronic underemployment is that they do not understand how their learned skill sets translate into the workplace. The proposed study aims to address this gap by developing a survey to assess psychology students’ understanding of the knowledge and critical skill sets …