Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Racial Identity (2)
- transcranial Doppler (TCD) (1)
- Acculturation (1)
- Activism (1)
- Adaptive Behavior (1)
-
- Adolescence (1)
- African Americans (1)
- African-Americans (1)
- African-centered (1)
- Africentric (1)
- Anxiety Disorder (1)
- Asian American (1)
- Attention (1)
- Brain Neoplasm (1)
- Capacity (1)
- Category-based responding (1)
- Cerebellum (1)
- Characteristics (1)
- Children with a specific learning disability (1)
- Children with mental retardation (1)
- Communication (1)
- Coping (1)
- Coping assistance (1)
- Culture (1)
- Developmental disability (1)
- Displaced affect (1)
- Episodic memory (1)
- Episodic-like (1)
- Ethnicity (1)
- Event memory (1)
Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Are Some Children Weight Blind? The Stigma Of Obesity And Its Influence On 3rd-6th Grade Children, Madeline Rex-Lear
Are Some Children Weight Blind? The Stigma Of Obesity And Its Influence On 3rd-6th Grade Children, Madeline Rex-Lear
Psychology Theses
The aim of this research was to examine when the buffering effects (if any) of ethnicity, sex, age difference, and personality affect the stigmatization of overweight children, and to determine if some children can indeed be weight-blind. A total of 315 3rd- 6th grade children (boys = 157) completed an online computer survey measuring their perceptions of thin, medium and heavy children of different ethnicities and sex. Children also provided measures of their personality and attitudes toward weight. Finally, height and weight were collected for each child. Results revealed an overwhelming weight bias, which was only weakened by higher levels …
Estimating The Capacity Of Visual Short-Term Memory: A Transcranial Doppler Sonography Study, Natasha Ann Barrett
Estimating The Capacity Of Visual Short-Term Memory: A Transcranial Doppler Sonography Study, Natasha Ann Barrett
Psychology Theses
Estimates of the capacity of visuospatial short-term memory (VSTM) have ranged from less than 1 item to 4 +/- 1 items. The purpose of the present study was to find the capacity of VSTM by looking at the contribution of the other working memory systems (phonological loop and central executive) and determine the factor that limits VSTM capacity (either number of objects or object complexity). In this study, the psychophysiological measure of cerebral blood flow velocity also was incorporated to determine whether changes in cerebral blood flow velocity were indicative of VSTM performance and capacity. Both performance measures and cerebral …
Memory For "What", "Where", And "When" Information By Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) And Adult Humans, Megan L. Hoffman
Memory For "What", "Where", And "When" Information By Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca Mulatta) And Adult Humans, Megan L. Hoffman
Psychology Theses
The purpose for the present study was to examine working memory for what, where, and when information in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and adult humans using a computerized task. In Experiment 1, monkeys and humans completed three delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) tasks: 1) identity DMTS, 2) spatial DMTS, and 3) temporal DMTS. In Experiments 2, the identity and spatial tasks were combined so that monkeys had to report both what and where information about an event. In Experiment 3, the identity, spatial, and temporal tasks were combined in order to examine what-where-when memory integration. In Experiment 4, monkeys and humans were …
Chemotherapy Related Cognitive Impairment In The Rat, Jessica Boyette Davis
Chemotherapy Related Cognitive Impairment In The Rat, Jessica Boyette Davis
Psychology Theses
Treatment for cancer has been indicated to negatively impact the quality of life for patients. Specifically, chemotherapy has been associated with fatigue, nausea, and peripheral neuropathy. More recently, chemotherapy has also been found to be related to cognitive impairment in various cognitive domains including working memory, information processing speed, and visual attention. At this time, the mechanisms underlying this impairment are not understood and there is currently no treatment for this condition. The purpose of this study was to model chemotherapy related cognitive impairments using an established test of attention in rats. While receiving the chemotherapeutic agent Taxol, animals were …
Organizational Characteristics And Adolescent Political Development: Exploring The Experience Of Youth Activists In Youth Development Organizations, Michael N. Armstrong
Organizational Characteristics And Adolescent Political Development: Exploring The Experience Of Youth Activists In Youth Development Organizations, Michael N. Armstrong
Psychology Theses
Interest in youth civic engagement continues to increase and a small but growing group of organizations are seeking to get young people involved in political activism. At the same time, researchers are giving more attention to the features of adolescent settings and how they relate to the overall development of young people. What remains to be absent is a contextual understanding of how the characteristics of adolescent settings contribute specifically to political development. The purpose of this study is to identify organizational level characteristics of youth organizations that promote the political development of adolescents. Semi-structured interviews and grounded theory analysis …
Exploring The Role Of Culture And Race In African American Adolescents, Obari Sipho Yohance Cartman
Exploring The Role Of Culture And Race In African American Adolescents, Obari Sipho Yohance Cartman
Psychology Theses
There are myriad definitions of the terms race, ethnicity and culture in social sciences literature. Often these terms are used interchangeably with no conceptual rationale. This study aims to contribute to our greater understanding of the similarities and differences between the conceptualization and use of race and culture as they are experienced by African American adolescents. Multiple regression analyses and factor analysis were conducted for 223 African American high school aged students who completed a survey about racial and ethnic identity and a variety of positive youth development outcomes. Results showed preliminary support for race and culture being distinguishable yet …
Mediational Effects Of Perceived Child Control And Parental Coping Assistance On Peer Problem Outcomes In Families Of Children With Developmental Disabilities, Kara E. Snead
Psychology Theses
Literature to date suggests that child coping is often a direct result of coping assistance provided by parents. Findings have not considered aspects of the stressor that may impact what the parent suggests; specifically, the child’s role, and the controllability of the stressor particularly for children with intellectual disabilities. The current study examines how the child’s disability status and parental perceptions of the child’s control over a peer problem influence the type of coping suggestions parents offer and how specific types of coping assistance affect the outcome of the coping situation. Results indicated that mothers of children with mental retardation …
Asian American Perceived Racism: Acculturation, Racial Identity, Social Context, And Sociopolitical Awareness As Predictors Of Asian American Perceived Racism, Jae Hyun (Julia) Lee
Asian American Perceived Racism: Acculturation, Racial Identity, Social Context, And Sociopolitical Awareness As Predictors Of Asian American Perceived Racism, Jae Hyun (Julia) Lee
Psychology Theses
Asian Americans are believed to be immune to social barriers and challenges, because of their successes in the U.S. society. This belief, also known as the model minority myth, has caused Americans including Asian Americans themselves to believe that they are not faced with social challenges such as racism. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship among acculturation, racial identity, social context and sociopolitical awareness. Series of multiple regressions were conducted to examine the predictive model. The findings suggested three plausible models of perceived racism among Asian Americans. First two models suggested that racism should be distinguished …
Gate Control Theory And Its Application In A Physical Intervention To Reduce Children's Pain During Immunization Injections, Jean Eleanor Mennuti-Washburn
Gate Control Theory And Its Application In A Physical Intervention To Reduce Children's Pain During Immunization Injections, Jean Eleanor Mennuti-Washburn
Psychology Theses
Vaccinations provide protection against deadly diseases and children are scheduled to receive many immunization injections before the age of six. However, painful procedures, such as immunizations cause negative short- and long-term consequences for children. The Gate Control Theory of Pain suggests that physical interventions may be helpful, but they have not yet been validated as an effective intervention to manage children’s acute pain. This randomized trial examined the effectiveness of the ShotBlocker®, a physical intervention designed to decrease children’s injection pain, in a sample of 89 4- to 12- year-old children receiving immunizations at a pediatric practice. An ANOVA revealed …
Do Spinal Fusions Necessarily Result In Poorer Therapeutic Outcomes?, Brian Rohan Theodore
Do Spinal Fusions Necessarily Result In Poorer Therapeutic Outcomes?, Brian Rohan Theodore
Psychology Theses
Controversy exists over the relationship between spinal fusion surgery and successful therapeutic outcomes. Common problems include unstandardized outcomes, ignoring the impact of the medico-legal system, and a paucity of investigations going beyond the surgical procedure itself. The present study compared patients who received spinal fusions against patients who did not, within the setting of a tertiary rehabilitation program (i.e. functional restoration) for work-related chronic disabling occupational spinal disorders. Program completers were prospectively evaluated on several objective one-year post-rehabilitation outcomes, including occupational status and level of healthcare utilization. The non-fusion group (N = 2,295) had a statistical advantage over the fusion …
Chronic Widespread Pain In Patients With Occupational Spinal Disorders: Prevalence, Psychiatric Comorbidity, And Association With One-Year Treatment Outcomes, Benjamin Lee Towns
Chronic Widespread Pain In Patients With Occupational Spinal Disorders: Prevalence, Psychiatric Comorbidity, And Association With One-Year Treatment Outcomes, Benjamin Lee Towns
Psychology Theses
Chronic Widespread Pain (CWP) is estimated to affect 4.1% - 13.5% of the general population. Compared to those who are pain-free or have localized pain, those with widespread body pain have been found to higher rates of psychiatric disorder, greater pain intensity, and greater disability. Treatment programs for CWP patients often have high drop-out rates and have only achieved modest results. The present study sought to compare demographic characteristics, psychiatric comorbidity, and one-year treatment outcomes of patients with chronic disabling occupational spinal disorers (CDOSDs) meeting criteria for CWP to those who fail to meet criteria. Within this CDOSD cohort (n …
Spacing And The Delay-Retention Effect: An Alternative Explanation Of The Effects Of Feedback Timing On Semantic Learning, Troy Anthony Smith
Spacing And The Delay-Retention Effect: An Alternative Explanation Of The Effects Of Feedback Timing On Semantic Learning, Troy Anthony Smith
Psychology Theses
Current theoretical accounts of feedback timing effects on retention are problematic. Some predict that delayed feedback should lead to better retention; others predict that immediate feedback should lead to better retention. Previous empirical findings are unclear: Some studies have found an advantage for delayed feedback, some an advantage for immediate feedback, and some no difference. In three experiments involving new semantic learning, I tested the extent to which spacing and lag effects can account for these seemingly contradictory findings, based on predictions of the new theory of disuse (Bjork \& Bjork, 1992). Experiment 1 compared the effects of timing variations …
Nonverbal Evidence Of Displaced Intergroup Affect, Patricia A. Mccord
Nonverbal Evidence Of Displaced Intergroup Affect, Patricia A. Mccord
Psychology Theses
This study examined the effects of racial insult on the propensity to either categorize or individuate outgroup members. Reaction times and self-reports measures were employed to gauge reactions to an insulting video. White and African American participants heard an insult, and then completed the Go/No-Go Association Task (GNAT), as well as the Internal Motivation to Control Prejudice Scale (IMS) and the External Motivation to Control Prejudice Scale (IMS), the Motivation to Control Prejudice Scale (MCPRS) the Social Distance Scale (SDS), and made ratings on a feeling thermometer about the people in the insult video. African Americans showed more negative responses …
Developmental Trends In Social Cognition For Children With And Without Disabilities, Irene Ngai
Developmental Trends In Social Cognition For Children With And Without Disabilities, Irene Ngai
Psychology Theses
The purpose of this investigation was to explore the impact of disability status on age-related changes in social-information processing skills including children’s attributions of peer intent and response generation to hypothetical social scenarios may. SIP skills were evaluated using an adaptation of the Social Problem Solving Interview. One-hundred and seventeen children aged 7-13 years-old provided 1 to 4 sets of interview data, collected annually. The groups included 28 children with mental retardation, 56 with a specific learning disability, and 33 comparison children. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that both groups of children with disabilities demonstrated less cognitive flexibility than comparison children …
Cognitive Predictors Of Adaptive Functioning In Children With Tumors Of The Cerebellar And Third Ventricle Regions, Aimilia Papazoglou
Cognitive Predictors Of Adaptive Functioning In Children With Tumors Of The Cerebellar And Third Ventricle Regions, Aimilia Papazoglou
Psychology Theses
As pediatric brain tumor survival rates increase, research has begun to further explore the influence of brain tumors and their treatment on functioning. The current study explored the ability of attention, learning, and memory abilities as measured by the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and receptive language abilities as measured by the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test to predict adaptive functioning on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Children with tumors of the cerebellar region were hypothesized to display relative impairments in attention, whereas children with tumors of the third ventricle region were hypothesized to display relative impairments in learning and memory. …
Parental Stress And Its Relation To Parental Perceptions Of Communication Following Language Intervention, Ashlyn L. Smith
Parental Stress And Its Relation To Parental Perceptions Of Communication Following Language Intervention, Ashlyn L. Smith
Psychology Theses
Current research indicates that parents of children with developmental disabilities experience more parental stress than parents of typically developing children, yet most are able to successfully cope with the additional care giving demands. There has been little research however, on the role of the communication ability of children with developmental disabilities on parental stress. This study examined the effects of a parent-implemented language intervention on parental stress and its relation to parental perceptions of communication development in young toddlers (N = 59) and their parents. Results indicate that parent stress did not decrease significantly following language intervention. Parents’ perceptions about …
Speaking While Black: The Relationship Between African Americans' Racial Identity, Fear Of Confirming Stereotypes, And Public Speaking Anxiety, Mayowa Obasaju
Speaking While Black: The Relationship Between African Americans' Racial Identity, Fear Of Confirming Stereotypes, And Public Speaking Anxiety, Mayowa Obasaju
Psychology Theses
Though the field of psychology is moving forward in its awareness of the importance of studying and addressing cultural issues, there is still a dearth of literature on the subject, especially in the area of anxiety (Heurtin-Roberts, Snowden, & Miller, 1997). The current study tested the following hypotheses 1) African-Americans’ self-reported concerns over confirming stereotypes would be related to their own self-reported levels of social anxiety. 2) There would be a negative relationship between how negatively African-Americans think others view African-Americans in general, and levels of social anxiety; 3) The relationship between public regard, concern over confirming stereotypes, and levels …
Sex Differences In Object Location Memory: Fixed Versus Moving Through Space, Jose Antonio Velarde
Sex Differences In Object Location Memory: Fixed Versus Moving Through Space, Jose Antonio Velarde
Psychology Theses
Previous studies suggest that females possess superior object location memory than males. The present study investigated object location memory using both static and dynamic tasks. Additionally, the correlation between object location memory and other variables such as spatial self-rating items, MRT, and 2D:4D was examined. Participants were 136 (70 female and 66 male) undergraduates. Results indicated no significant sex differences in the dynamic task, and only one significant main effect for sex in the static task. As predicted, males rated their sense of direction (SofD), and one-trial directional memory (OTDM) significantly superior to females. Navigation preference also showed significant sex …
Validation Of World English (We) Listening Comprehension Scale, Yasushi Kyutoku
Validation Of World English (We) Listening Comprehension Scale, Yasushi Kyutoku
Psychology Theses
World English (WE) includes any type of dialectical English spoken around the world (Hinkel, 2005). In the present study, a WE listening test was developed. The original form of the test consisted of six scales measuring, respectively, demographics, exposure to non-native English speakers, self perception of WE fluency, WE listening test, evaluations of non-native speakers' fluency, and attitudes towards non-native English speakers. Internal consistency, dimensionality, correlations among scales, and the effects of demographics on the test scores were analyzed based on the data collected from 32 participants in Study 1. Results indicated moderate to moderately high internal consistency for the …
Peripheral Blood Perfusion Induced By Electrical Stimulation Of The Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Ji Wei He
Peripheral Blood Perfusion Induced By Electrical Stimulation Of The Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Ji Wei He
Psychology Theses
In the last decade, much research has implicated the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the modulation of both emotion and visceral functions in primates and rats. Rat studies have shown that electrical stimulation of the ACC suppresses animal’s behaviors associated with noxious stimuli, and inhibits spinal cord dorsal horn neuron activity induced by nociception in the periphery. Electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal grey (PAG) is reported to inhibit spinal cord dorsal horn neuron activity induced by nociception, while it generates dorsal root reflex (DRR). This is an important contributor to peripheral vasodilatation, i.e. leading to increased blood flow. The purpose …