Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Interrogation (2)
- Alcohol (1)
- Attitudes (1)
- Attributions (1)
- Biculturalism (1)
-
- Bilingualism (1)
- Blame mitigation (1)
- Brief Interventions (1)
- Cognitive Dissonance (1)
- Conceptual access (1)
- Confession (1)
- Conflict (1)
- Dark Triad (1)
- Driving (1)
- Expository text (1)
- Extremism (1)
- Financial decision making (1)
- Group interventions (1)
- Guilt (1)
- Hispanic (1)
- Identity (1)
- Inclusion of Other in the Self (1)
- Intergroup Bias (1)
- Intermittent (1)
- Judgment and Decision Making (1)
- Latino (1)
- Linear Mixed Models (1)
- MAYSI-2 (1)
- Machiavellianism (1)
- Marijuana (1)
Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Impact Of Stress On Risk Perceptions And Risk Behaviors, Gabriel Andrew Frietze
The Impact Of Stress On Risk Perceptions And Risk Behaviors, Gabriel Andrew Frietze
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
As the national conversation regarding the legalization of marijuana in the United States continues to emerge as a pressing issue, the rates of simultaneous marijuana and alcohol consumption prior to driving are likely to rise. Research suggests that alcohol and marijuana consumed independently at low levels results in minimal impairment on driving performance. Conversely, driving performance is dramatically impaired when small amounts of marijuana and alcohol are simultaneously consumed. The current study investigated the impact of social stress on the perceived risk of Driving Under the Influence of Small Amounts of Marijuana and Alcohol (DUI-SAMA). In addition, the current study …
The Efficacy Of Brief Individual And Group Interventions Among Light And Intermittent Smokers, Beatriz Suro Maldonado
The Efficacy Of Brief Individual And Group Interventions Among Light And Intermittent Smokers, Beatriz Suro Maldonado
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Despite the decline in daily smoking between 2005 to 2013, light and intermittent smoking rates have increased. Few studies assessing smoking cessation in light (â?¤10 cigarettes per day) and intermittent smokers (nondaily smoking; LITS) exist. The current study assessed the efficacy of a brief smoking intervention for light smokers in a predominantly Hispanic young adult sample. Several smoking cessation predictors were identified. Two hundred fifty two light and intermittent smokers were recruited primarily from community health clinics and the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). Participants completed baseline measures assessing socio demographics, tobacco use and history, stage of change, …
"It's (Not) Your Fault": The Influence Of Blame Mitigation Versus Guilt Induction On True And False Confessions, Skye Woestehoff
"It's (Not) Your Fault": The Influence Of Blame Mitigation Versus Guilt Induction On True And False Confessions, Skye Woestehoff
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
False confessions remain an important problem facing the criminal justice system. Practitioners assert that blame mitigation techniques can minimize suspects' perceptions of responsibility independently from legal consequences. However, blame mitigation techniques increase false confessions in part by minimizing suspects' expectations of punishment. Blame mitigation techniques are also designed to reduce suspects' feelings of guilt, which may inhibit confessions from guilty suspects given that true confessions are related to feelings of guilt and remorse. Thus, it may be more beneficial to induce guilt rather than mitigate blame in the interrogation room. This Dissertation (1) tested practitioners' assumption that blame mitigation can …
The Impact Of Bicultural Identity On Perceptions Of Self-Efficacy, Miriam J. Alvarez
The Impact Of Bicultural Identity On Perceptions Of Self-Efficacy, Miriam J. Alvarez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The primary aim of the proposed research was to investigate the role cultural identity plays in regards to academic perceptions, goals, and motivation amongst bicultural college students. Previous research suggests that biculturals experience shifts in mental frames as they navigate differences in cultural settings. Central to this research is the idea that people who have access to multiple cultural meaning systems switch between culturally appropriate behaviors depending on the context. We hypothesize that biculturals' responses to cultural cues involve more than automatic cognitive processes. Cultural frameworks may depend on their motives to embrace or reject particular cultural identities and multiple …
Deception Detection In Dyads, Lorae Marquez
Deception Detection In Dyads, Lorae Marquez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The aim of the present study was to determine whether it is possible to detect deception during the interview of a dyad by observing the nonverbal "partner monitoring" behavior of one dyad partner while the other partner is telling a lie. This study also aimed to assess whether individual differences in the Big Five personality traits, Absorption, and Imaginative Suggestibility are correlated with partner monitoring when one's partner is telling a lie. Undergraduate psychology students (N=94) were grouped in dyads and asked to play a game that involved one member of the dyad lying and the other member telling the …
Financial Decision-Making And The Normalization Of Deviance, Dilata Ranadive
Financial Decision-Making And The Normalization Of Deviance, Dilata Ranadive
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Two perspectives have dominated the discourse on the causes of the financial crisis of 2008. The first attributes the financial crisis to intentionally malevolent behaviors, whereas the second attributes it to the natural market fluctuations. However, there is still a third, possible perspective. While the first two perspectives focus on the intention of the actors, the third perspective focuses on the response of the observers. This is what Vaughan (1996) refers to as "normalization of deviance". In normalization of deviance actions or decisions that are initially regarded as aberrant or atypical are re-conceptualized and adopted as the new criterion. The …
Development Of A Measure Of Positive And Negative Aspects Of Dog Owners' Attachment To Their Pets, Paola Nayeli Balcazar Soto
Development Of A Measure Of Positive And Negative Aspects Of Dog Owners' Attachment To Their Pets, Paola Nayeli Balcazar Soto
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This Thesis describes the development of the Assessment of Dog Owners' Behaviors and Experiences, Version I (ADOBE-I), a multi-scale measure of positive and negative aspects of dog ownership. In Study 1 a pool of 265 items was administered online to 352 participants on Mechanical Turk (M-Turk). Exploratory Factor Analysis of responses was used to construct the ADOBE-I, which includes 58 items and five scales, Dog-Owner Bond, Legal Problems, Hostile Dog, Obedient Dog, and Care for Dog's Health, and one supplemental scale, Dog as Child. In Study 2 the psychometric properties of the ADOBE-I scales were examined in a sample of …
Defining Moral Attitudes : An Examination Of The Structure And Consequences Of Moral Attitudes, Ciara Katelyn Kidder
Defining Moral Attitudes : An Examination Of The Structure And Consequences Of Moral Attitudes, Ciara Katelyn Kidder
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The goals of this Dissertation were to contribute to the literature on the structure of moral attitudes and explore the consequences of moral attitudes on person perception. The goal of study 1 was to replicate and extend previous research examining the automatic nature of moral objectivity and moral universalism. In Study 1, there was no support for the relationship between morality and objectivity and morality and universality. Instead, the study demonstrated that sequential priming may be an ineffective methodology for measuring these relationships. The goal of study 2 was to examine the relationship between the similarity of participant attitude to …
Is Torture Ever Justified? The Influence Of Group Membership, Interrogation Approach, And Success On Attributions Of Interrogator Behavior And Perceived Acceptability Of Torture, Julia Labianca
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The purpose of these three experiments was to determine what factors affect Americans' attitudes toward torture and the interrogators who engage in torture. Using theories of intergroup bias, fundamental attribution error, and cognitive dissonance, the three experiments investigated how people make behavioral attributions for an interrogator, as well as how people perceive the acceptability, ethicalness, effectiveness, and procedural justice of the technique used. Four variables were manipulated: group membership of the interrogator and detainee, outcome of the interrogation, and type of interrogation tactic used. It was expected that people would make attributional and attitudinal judgments in a manner that preserved …
Examining The Role Of Threat Processing In Memory Consolidation And Prejudice Formation, Stephanie Marie Reyes
Examining The Role Of Threat Processing In Memory Consolidation And Prejudice Formation, Stephanie Marie Reyes
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Memory is a flexible system that integrates new incoming information into existing memory representations (Stickgold & Walker, 2007). Through sleep and over time, memories become stable via consolidation processes (Payne, Stickgold, Swanberg & Kensinger, 2008). Prejudice formation can occur through the consolidation of stereotype schemas. In a previous study Latino participants learned positive and negative trait information about in-group and out-group members (Enge, Lupo & Zárate, 2015). At test, participants responded more quickly to out-group targets paired with negative traits than in-group pairings with these traits. Findings indicate that participants also responded more quickly to in-group targets paired with positive …
Making Decisions Affecting Oneself Versus Others: The Mediating Effect Of Interpersonal Closeness And Dark Triad Traits, Jessica R. Carre
Making Decisions Affecting Oneself Versus Others: The Mediating Effect Of Interpersonal Closeness And Dark Triad Traits, Jessica R. Carre
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The payment incentives of portfolio managers and investors are often asymmetrical such that actions that benefit the portfolio manager can harm the client and vice-versa. Despite the presence and potential harm of these asymmetries, relatively little research has investigated self and other decision making broadly. There has also been few attempts to address the effect of reward asymmetries. Additionally, despite the presence of reward asymmetries not every portfolio manager will make risky decisions for their clients, which suggests the presence of an individual difference characteristic. This study addresses these knowledge gaps by examining the effect of interpersonally manipulative personality traits …
Examining The Spanish Maysi-2 Translation Among Mexican Americans, Yolanda Denise Ochoa
Examining The Spanish Maysi-2 Translation Among Mexican Americans, Yolanda Denise Ochoa
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Due to the increasing Latino population in the U.S., Spanish translations of mental health screening tools are needed to better serve Latinos, particularly those in juvenile justice settings. Screening tools are measures that flag mental health symptoms and indicate if further evaluation is needed. The most widely screening tool used in juvenile justice settings that has been translated into Spanish is the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-Version 2 (MAYSI-2). To date, research has focused only on the English version of the MAYSI-2. The present study examined the equivalence of the Spanish translation of the MAYSI-2 to its English version in 18- …
Development Of Efficient Simultaneous Confidence Bounds For Linear Mixed Models With Applications In Alcohol Research, Emmanuel Joseph Sequeira
Development Of Efficient Simultaneous Confidence Bounds For Linear Mixed Models With Applications In Alcohol Research, Emmanuel Joseph Sequeira
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Multiplicity corrections are necessary to ensure the accuracy of conclusions made in studies that carry out multiple inferences simultaneously. This Thesis uses the methodology derived by Hunter and Worsley to obtain improved simultaneous confidence bounds (SCBs) that are less conservative than the highly used Bonferroni SCBs, for studies using linear mixed modeling. Empirical coverage rates were obtained for data that was generated using simulations, to compare the accuracy of the Hunter-Worsley SCBs with that of the Bonferroni SCBs. The bounds were also applied to data in the field of alcohol research, where comparisons were made to determine the moderating effect …
Religious Priming And Moral Reasoning As A Manipulation For Supporting Violence, Brandt A. Smith
Religious Priming And Moral Reasoning As A Manipulation For Supporting Violence, Brandt A. Smith
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The present research tests the effects of religious priming and cued moral reasoning on support for violence against others. Further, the present research examined the effects of two individual difference measures, Social Vigilantism and the degree to which people accept religion as a social force research demonstrates that religious priming elicits greater compliance by acting as a cognitive distraction. The data show that lower levels of moral reasoning and religious priming lead to higher activism, radicalism, and extremism scores as well as higher agreement with a recorded message. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Cross-Language Conceptual Activation And Development Through Text Passages, Karly Meillyn Schleicher
Cross-Language Conceptual Activation And Development Through Text Passages, Karly Meillyn Schleicher
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The present study begins to bridge the gap between bilingual education practices and cognitive frameworks of bilingual conceptual access. A reading comprehension task was used to investigate how bilingual undergraduate students activate and develop academic information across their two languages when reading expository text. Using scientific texts, participants (N = 128) read two distinct passages pertaining to prior knowledge, as well as new, related conceptual information. At test, the participants were asked to complete true-false questions and elaborate on the reasons for their responses. A counterbalanced, mixed factorial design was used to infer how language dominance influences encoding and retrieval …