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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 30 of 258
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Talking About Sex: The Relationship Between Cultural Constructs And Sexual Behaviors Among Latina Emerging Adults, Ariana Cervantes-Borges
Talking About Sex: The Relationship Between Cultural Constructs And Sexual Behaviors Among Latina Emerging Adults, Ariana Cervantes-Borges
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Emerging adults account for a significant portion of yearly STI cases with Latinxs living in border regions often being disproportionally affected. Moreover, Latinas may hold much of the responsibility for sexual health when compared to their male counterparts; however, culture may serve as both a protective and risk factor for deleterious sexual behaviors. These disparities highlight the importance of assessing Latina sexual risk and to a further extent, perceptions of sexual and reproductive health services. The present study assessed how cultural constructs were associated with sexual risk and STI testing views among Latinas and how these associations may be moderated …
Examining The Effects Of Acute And Chronic Stress On The Interrogative Suggestibility Of Young Adults, Claudia Cota
Examining The Effects Of Acute And Chronic Stress On The Interrogative Suggestibility Of Young Adults, Claudia Cota
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
High-stress situations, like police interrogations, can hinder an individual's decision-making and critical-thinking ability (Liston et al., 2009), making them more susceptible to suggestive or leading messages during questioning. While research on suggestibility mainly focuses on children and adolescents, young adults may also be vulnerable to suggestion because of their sensitivity to social feedback (Blakemore & Mills, 2014; Redlich & Goodman, 2003). Since the legal consequences of suggestibility for young adults are more severe than for children or adolescents, it is essential to examine the role of stress in young adults' suggestibility. The present study used objective and subjective methods to …
Examining The Relationships Between Social Media Use Constructs And Mental And Sleep Health In Hispanic University Emerging Adults, Miguel Andres Garcia
Examining The Relationships Between Social Media Use Constructs And Mental And Sleep Health In Hispanic University Emerging Adults, Miguel Andres Garcia
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The number of social media users and platforms have increased dramatically in recent years. Several different social media use constructs have developed from past research to assess social media engagement, including overall social media use, nighttime in-bed social media use, social media addiction, social media self-control failure, and emotional investment in social media. Such constructs are distinct from each other and may adversely impact mental and sleep health, especially during emerging adulthood. This study investigated the relationships between such social media use constructs and mental and sleep health in Hispanic university emerging adults through a framework of Uses and Gratifications …
Bilingual Comprehension Of Accented Speech And Spoken Code Switches, Liam John Gleason
Bilingual Comprehension Of Accented Speech And Spoken Code Switches, Liam John Gleason
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Across three experiments, the current study explored how accented speech and coarticulation impact how bilingual listeners comprehend code-switches in speech. Eye-tracking methodology was used to compare responses to single-language and code-switched sentences. Experiment 1 observed how accented speech influenced the costs involved in comprehending code-switches by comparing responses to speakers that had North American English accents to speakers with Juarez/El Paso Spanish accents when speaking English. Experiment 2 compared responses to English speech produced by speakers with North American English, Flemish, and Bulgarian accented speakers. To examine coarticulation as a cue to an upcoming code-switch, Experiment 3 compared naturally produced …
The Effects Of Police Culture And Procedural Justice On Citizens' Perceptions Of Police Legitimacy And Trustworthiness, Kityara U'Nae James
The Effects Of Police Culture And Procedural Justice On Citizens' Perceptions Of Police Legitimacy And Trustworthiness, Kityara U'Nae James
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Police departments have often cited “a few bad apples” when discussing incidents of officer misconduct or improper use of force. However, police reform organizations often posit that when the tree is bad, all fruit it bears will be rotten. Police culture serves as the root of the tree in this analogy; the basis of the characteristics and behaviors of police rely on the specifics of police culture that has been imprinted during the police academy and maintained through everyday police work. Police culture determines how police officers interact with citizens and behave on the job. Those interactions can influence how …
A Writer In Writing, Stephanie Lamas
A Writer In Writing, Stephanie Lamas
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
As a writer and individual, I speak between many roles, presenting myself as “I” but also “her”. Inevitably, there is a gap between “who I am” and “who I am made out to be” that I am not always in control of. Similarly, there is a disparity in intention versus interpretation in writing. Since we don’t exist in a vacuum, I must account for these gaps, acknowledging my individuality while adapting to changing circumstances and needs. As an individual with several disadvantages and particularities, however, my sense of self is unstable and uncertain, reflecting the instability and uncertainty in my …
Academic And Ethnic Identity's Moderating Effects On Intergenerational Conflict, Academic Motivation And Alcohol Outcomes Relationship Within First-Year Hispanic College Students, Ashley Marie Lindquist
Academic And Ethnic Identity's Moderating Effects On Intergenerational Conflict, Academic Motivation And Alcohol Outcomes Relationship Within First-Year Hispanic College Students, Ashley Marie Lindquist
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
While alcohol use is a public health concern for all college students, first-year college students are at higher risk for drinking and experiencing alcohol consequences. The increased risk may be attributed to the stress of transitioning from high school to college. For many of these students, this is their first-time gaining independence and trying to find out how they fit into society. Family conflict commonly occurs when students start college because they develop their values and beliefs, especially Hispanic college students. Intergenerational conflict (IGC) is a subtype of parent-child conflict that arises when the child deviates from traditional Hispanic values, …
Establishing The Validity Of A Measure Of Implicit Bias Toward People With Alcohol Use Disorder, Erin Marie Portillo
Establishing The Validity Of A Measure Of Implicit Bias Toward People With Alcohol Use Disorder, Erin Marie Portillo
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Alcohol use disorder has been identified as one of the major burdens of disease but also remains one of the disorders with the lowest treatment prevalence. For individuals who seek treatment for their alcohol use disorder, they may experience barriers that impact their treatment for alcohol use disorder. These barriers may extend to a person’s beliefs, attitudes, and stigma. While attitudes and beliefs refer to their perceived need for treatment and beliefs of self-reliance, stigma is multistep process that makes way for stereotypes, prejudice, and acts of discrimination to take place. With labels such as “alcoholic” implying negative connotation and …
Risk And Protective Factors Associated With The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences And Alcohol Expectancies In Latina College Students, Andrea Rodriguez Crespo
Risk And Protective Factors Associated With The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences And Alcohol Expectancies In Latina College Students, Andrea Rodriguez Crespo
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Alcohol use among college students is a public health concern, with rates increasing in recent years. Several constructs have been studied in past research to assess alcohol use, alcohol consequences, and motives to drinking. However, to the authorâ??s knowledge, no study has assessed risk and protective factors that may influence the relationship between alcohol expectancies and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) among Latina college students living on the U.S/Mexico border. The present study assessed the relationship between ACEs and positive and negative alcohol expectancies, as well as the impact of risk and protective moderating factors on the relationship. Latina college students …
Evaluating The Effectiveness Of A Resilience Intervention On College Students' Mental Illness And Subsequent Alcohol Use, Aitiana Ivonne Sanchez-Garciaguirre
Evaluating The Effectiveness Of A Resilience Intervention On College Students' Mental Illness And Subsequent Alcohol Use, Aitiana Ivonne Sanchez-Garciaguirre
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Mental illness and stigma surrounding mental illness are common among college-aged individuals. Alcohol use is also common among college-aged individuals, and often coexists with increased symptoms of mental illness, leading to unhealthy perpetual coping mechanisms. However, increased resilience and adaptive coping strategies may suppress the need to use alcohol as a coping mechanism when experiencing symptoms of mental illness and the stigma associated with it. The present study sought to utilize a resilience intervention to increase resilience and adaptive coping strategies among Hispanic college students to reduce their alcohol use and experiences of depression and/or anxiety. Additionally, the present study …
Race, Severe Mental Illness, And Crime: An Intersectional Look Into Stigma And Policy Implications, Elena Therese Vaudreuil
Race, Severe Mental Illness, And Crime: An Intersectional Look Into Stigma And Policy Implications, Elena Therese Vaudreuil
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Criminal behavior has been a long-discussed topic in the United States and often is tied to characteristics such as race and mental illness. The presumed connection between criminal behavior and being a member of a racial minority group or having a mental illness have been researched for years, however few researchers have sought to take an intersectional approach to investigate the unique experiences of people belonging to both groups in the criminal legal system. Using the lenses of attribution and intersectionality theories, the proposed studies sought to understand the effect of race that influences policy support of justice-involved people with …
Exploring The Barriers To Mental Health Treatment Among Justice-Involved Women Living In The U.S.-México Border Region, Rebekah Ruth Adair-Russell
Exploring The Barriers To Mental Health Treatment Among Justice-Involved Women Living In The U.S.-México Border Region, Rebekah Ruth Adair-Russell
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
For women in the criminal justice system, mental illness is a complicated and prevalent factor, with rates ranging from 49.2% to 67.9% (Bronson & Berzofsky, 2017). To address the mental health care that justice-involved women need, scholars have called for a closer examination of barriers that hinder access to mental health and substance use treatment among this population (Winham et al., 2015; Wilfong et al., 2021). Barriers to treatment can be attitudinal (i.e., stigma and fear) or structural (i.e., transportation, cost of treatment), yet few, if any, studies have examined how these barriers present in a group of justice-involved women …
Potential Interventions For Policy Support Targeting Justice Involved People With Mental Illness, Betel Alexis Hernandez
Potential Interventions For Policy Support Targeting Justice Involved People With Mental Illness, Betel Alexis Hernandez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Many people hold the misconception that people with mental illness are dangerous. Consequently, people with mental illness are often feared. This stigma is reinforced by the overrepresentation of people with mental illness in the criminal legal system. However, many people with mental illness struggle with the legal system due to ineffective policies making it difficult to adequately identify and treat this population within the legal system. The current studies aimed to understand public support of correctional policy aimed at people with mental illness, examine attitudinal factors that may be associated with this support, and test potential interventions for decreasing stigma …
A Psychometric Validation Of An Adapted Withdrawal Intolerance Scale For Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome, Sarah Nicole Najera
A Psychometric Validation Of An Adapted Withdrawal Intolerance Scale For Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome, Sarah Nicole Najera
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
While potentially life threatening, alcohol withdrawal is often under treated and inadequately integrated into the continuum of care for AUD. The current study served as part of a clinically impactful line of research by identifying key physical and psychological aspects of withdrawal. Using a measure previously developed for smoking cessation, a withdrawal intolerance measure was adapted (IDQ-A) and psychometrically validated. We aimed to establish construct validity of a three factor model of the IDQ-A, convergent and discriminant validity, as well as predictive validity. Those highly motivated to quit drinking and high in alcohol dependence were recruited via specialized social media …
The Disclosure Process Model And Formerly Justice Involved Juveniles: A Telephonic Audit Study, Morgan R. Wagner
The Disclosure Process Model And Formerly Justice Involved Juveniles: A Telephonic Audit Study, Morgan R. Wagner
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
In most cases, individuals with juvenile records are supposed to have that record sealed from public view upon meeting certain conditions, including turning 18. However, it is often unclear whether juvenile records (sealed or unsealed) should be disclosed on applications (e.g., job, college). This study used a phone call audit methodology to examine the hiring practices of Texas fast-food restaurants (n = 280) regarding juvenile records. Additionally, this study tested the Disclosure Process Model as a method of disclosing criminal records to prospective employers. Employers did not report differences in likelihood of considering an applicantsâ?? record between the gender of …
Exploring Aging Using The Selection, Optimization, And Compensation (Soc) Framework In Conjunction With Kinematic Gait And Verbal Fluency Task Analysis In Healthy Adults, Emily Ann Chavez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This multi-study dissertation examined dual-task performance in young and middle-aged adults using verbal fluency tasks (VFT) during different walking scenarios (baseline, performing a VFT, walking narrowly, and performing a VFT while walking narrowly) as well as the Selection, Optimization, and Compensation (SOC) model. Thirty adults (15 young adults (YA; 19-44 years) and 15 middle-aged adults (MA; 45-65 years) participated in this study. Overall, there were no significant differences between groups when data was examined in short (means of means approach) and long-form (incorporating all data), when analyzing clustering and switching strategies, gait speed variability, or dual-task costs. Overall, these three …
Under Pressure: A Daily Diary Study Of Online Social Influence And Youth Substance Use, Anna Dmitriyevna Ziencina
Under Pressure: A Daily Diary Study Of Online Social Influence And Youth Substance Use, Anna Dmitriyevna Ziencina
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Alcohol and marijuana are widely used by youths across the U.S. [Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 2023], and youthsâ?? use of such substances comes with a myriad of consequences (e.g., increased risk for long-term substance abuse; Griffin et al., 2019). Social influence is one process through which youths may develop positive attitudes towards substance use (Steinberg & Monahan, 2007), but there is a dearth of research on how such influence operates within the online environment. The present study sought to examine associations between daily social media use and youthsâ?? daily attitudes towards alcohol and marijuana useâ??as well …
The Power Of A Story: How Emotions And Numeracy Affect Parental Decisions About The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine, Candice Fawn Coffman
The Power Of A Story: How Emotions And Numeracy Affect Parental Decisions About The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine, Candice Fawn Coffman
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (CDC, 2021). There are two strains of HPV known for causing cervical, penile, anal, vaginal, and oropharynx (throat) cancers (CDC, 2020). A vaccine is available to prevent these cancer-causing strains of HPV for individuals between the ages of 9-45. Unfortunately, vaccination uptake and completion rates are below the recommended rates to achieve herd immunity. A primary barrier to vaccination is concern about potential adverse events following vaccination. The purpose of the present study is to examine the influence of anecdotal versus statistical information on parents' intentions to vaccinate their …
Examining The Association Between Emotional Intelligence, Meaning In Life, Stress, And Burnout Among Preâ??Medical Students In The United States, Nayla Paulina Paulina Bejarano Chacon
Examining The Association Between Emotional Intelligence, Meaning In Life, Stress, And Burnout Among Preâ??Medical Students In The United States, Nayla Paulina Paulina Bejarano Chacon
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Background and significance: The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) has estimated that by 2034 there will be a physician shortage of around 124,000 physicians. With burnout being one of the main drivers, it is crucial to assess it. Burnout is characterized by high levels of emotional exhaustion and cynicism and low levels of academic efficacy.There has been substantial research on burnout among healthcare providers across different levels of training; however, few studies have examined burnout among undergraduate students who wish to pursue a graduate degree in healthcare. Given the shortage of healthcare providers in the United States, it is …
The Relative Impact Of Anecdotal And Statistical Evidence On Covid-19 Vaccine Intentions., Kiran Misra
The Relative Impact Of Anecdotal And Statistical Evidence On Covid-19 Vaccine Intentions., Kiran Misra
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
This study investigated the relative impact of anecdotal and statistical safety evidence on the perceived likelihood of unvaccinated friends or relatives experiencing severe adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccination. This study also investigated the relative impact of anecdotal and statistical evidence on an individualâ??s intention to encourage unvaccinated friends and relatives to talk with healthcare providers about COVID-19 vaccination. Three hundred and fifty-nine participants were randomly assigned to one of six experimental conditions. In each condition, I manipulated the presence of base rate evidence (present, absent) that supported the safety of COVID-19 vaccination; I also manipulated the presence of anecdotal evidence …
I Lie Awake, Pauline Juliet Ku
I Lie Awake, Pauline Juliet Ku
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Maggie Kim is a Korean American girl coming of age in Chicago and San Jose before moving to Pasadena, CA to study Biology at Caltech. Her struggles with her own sexuality, immediate family, growing up in an abusive church, traumatic memories and hallucinations and delusions make for a riveting read that validates her personal experience through trauma, stigma, and mental illness in the first-person point of view.
Do Spontaneous Trait Inferences Influence Behavioral Intentions?, Jessica Renee Bray
Do Spontaneous Trait Inferences Influence Behavioral Intentions?, Jessica Renee Bray
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Character traits are spontaneously inferred from observing peopleâ??s behavior. This inference process is called a spontaneous trait inference. Although spontaneous trait inference effects are robust and well replicated, little research has examined what perceivers do with the inferences they make. A pilot study and two experiments examined whether spontaneous trait inferences led to differences in two behavioral intentions: friending and aggression. The savings in relearning paradigm was used to measure spontaneous trait inferences. Participants were exposed to trait implying descriptions or neutral descriptions of targets. After a filler task, participants completed a social media friending questionnaire and a modified voodoo …
Demographic And Clinical Variables Associated With Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Response In Depression: A Growth Mixture Modeling Study, John William Capps
Demographic And Clinical Variables Associated With Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Response In Depression: A Growth Mixture Modeling Study, John William Capps
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Depression is a growing public health crisis impacting millions around the world. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive treatment for depression which has been FDA approved but the factors related to how well patients respond are still under investigation. The current study aimed to identify different treatment response patterns based on Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores over the course of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment for depression and to identify the differences between these response classes on demographic and clinical variables. A total of 285 patients from a psychiatric clinic were included with a sizable number of Hispanics and …
Mechanisms Of False Memories In Bilinguals, Bianca Valentina Gurrola
Mechanisms Of False Memories In Bilinguals, Bianca Valentina Gurrola
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Research on false memory in bilinguals has discovered that false memories can transfer across languages and occur at a higher rate than for within-language false memories (Marmolejo et al., 2009). However, the exact conditions that cause the stronger between-language false memory effect are not clear, nor is it clear how language proficiency influences the production of false memories. The present study had three goals. First, we tested whether the stronger between- language false memory effect relative to the within-language effect would replicate. Second, we examined whether bilinguals could integrate information across languages to form false memories by implementing a mixed-language …
Epistemological Framing In Statistics Courses For Psychology Students, Carlos Manuel Vargas
Epistemological Framing In Statistics Courses For Psychology Students, Carlos Manuel Vargas
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
As psychology grows in popularity, most students select professions related to therapy, which constantly deem statistics courses as irrelevant and accentuate negative attitudes. This study explores perspectives of knowledge, also known as epistemological frames, that students enrolled in a psychology-based course in statistics generate and the extent to which these relate to attitudes. Research evidence the existence of productive and unproductive epistemological frames; the former involves automatic thought processes that require minimal effort or sense of voluntary control, while the latter prompts conscious learning efforts. This study follows an explanatory sequential design as it begins with a quantitative phase analyzing …
Assessing How Bilingual Experience Impacts Performance In Stimulus-Stimulus And Stimulus-Response Conflict Tasks, Christian Ruiz-Ortiz
Assessing How Bilingual Experience Impacts Performance In Stimulus-Stimulus And Stimulus-Response Conflict Tasks, Christian Ruiz-Ortiz
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Numerous studies have revealed that bilingual individuals outperform monolinguals in tasks requiring executive control. However, the exact impact of bilingualism on executive functions remains unclear due to inconsistent findings in the literature. These discrepancies may stem from factors such as participant demographics, variations in definitions and operationalizations of bilingualism, and task selection. To address these issues, we investigated the link between degree of balance and contextual use with the ability to address conflict across sensory modalities (auditory and visual) at different stages of processing. Rather than focusing on mean performance, this study investigated performance stability (coefficient of variation) over time …
Dinstinction Between Prejudice And Stereotyping For Negative In-Group Attitudes, Manal Aboargob
Dinstinction Between Prejudice And Stereotyping For Negative In-Group Attitudes, Manal Aboargob
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
There are conflicting findings for disadvantaged group membersâ?? attitudes towards their group. Some studies suggest that disadvantaged groups have positive in-group attitudes, while other studies suggest they have negative in-group attitudes, or even outgroup favoritism. This may be in part due to the simultaneous measurement of stereotypic and prejudicial attitudes, and I suggest that studying their distinction might better explain the discrepancy found in the literature. Further, research has yet to look at how differences in personal attitudes versus perception of public attitudes is related to the differing results found in disadvantaged group attitudes. In the proposed study, it is …
Examining The Role Of Pretrial Detention On The Juvenile Plea Process, Isabelle May Clough
Examining The Role Of Pretrial Detention On The Juvenile Plea Process, Isabelle May Clough
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Plea bargains are a necessary part of the criminal justice system as a whole, and the juvenile justice system more specifically. However, juveniles may be at a particular disadvantage when entering into a plea bargain as a result of their developmental capacities. Pretrial detention in particular might influence the quality of the final plea agreement that a juvenile accepts, as adolescents would be motivated towards the short-term goal of being released from detention. The current study aimed to examine the relationship between juvenile pretrial detention and plea discounts through mediating relationships with number of attorneys and time to plea. Data …
The Effects Of Identity Conflict And Identity Salience On Job Satisfaction And Vocational Connectedness In Minority Law Enforcement Officers, Kityara James
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Law enforcement agencies are having trouble recruiting, hiring, and maintaining ethnic minority officers. Although the Department of Justice identified multiple issues minorities face while pursuing and engaging in the profession, there have been few efforts to determine the source of these problems and how to overcome them. In a stressful profession that doesn't historically align with being a minority, the difference between staying with that job or going to another one may lie in how connected to the job and how satisfied with that job minority law enforcement feel. The current study explores how ethno-racial and police identity salience and …
A Threat To Valid Guilty Pleas: The Impact Of Guilt Status, Acute Stress, And Plea Knowledge On Plea-Bargaining Decisions, Grace Hanzelin
A Threat To Valid Guilty Pleas: The Impact Of Guilt Status, Acute Stress, And Plea Knowledge On Plea-Bargaining Decisions, Grace Hanzelin
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The most common route through the US criminal justice system is through plea-bargaining, with over 95% of criminal cases ending in a guilty plea. Previous studies have found different factors (e.g., plea discounts; Wilford et al., 2021) that can increase the likelihood of a false guilty plea. This study aimed to further investigate the effect of guilt status on plea decisions, but also to see how guilt may work alongside acute stress and pre-existing knowledge of the plea process to drive plea-bargaining decisions. Participants (N = 188) were assigned to complete either a stressful or a non-stressful version of the …