Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (Swbs) As An Indicator Of General Well-Being, Rodger K. Bufford, Jessica Cantely, Jaycee Hallford, Yadira Vega, Jessica Wilbur

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Developed in the context of the subjective well-being movement in the 1970s, the Spiritual Well -Being Scale (SWBS) has stood the test of time. It was conceived within a theistic tradition and embodied the sense of well-being suggested in Biblical texts. The Old Testament greeting and blessing, shalom, seems to convey well the underlying concept of well-being. In this chapter we explore the empirical support and practical significance of the SWBS as a measure of well-being using the notion of biopsychosocial health as proposed by Engel and adapted by Sulmasy to include a religious/spiritual (R/S) dimension as well. Since the …

Values And Personality Traits As Predictors Of Religiosity, Benjamin Hanks, Rodger K. Bufford, Cameron Stumpf, James Conway

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

The present study is a partial replication using a more diverse US adult sample to further explore the Dark Triad as a predictor of religion/spirituality. Light Triad was also added for consideration. By including both positive and negative personality traits along with values we gain a better understanding of religious/spiritual people.

Integrating Christian Beliefs And Scientific Psychology: Honoring John Carter, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

John Carter had a profound role in shaping the thinking of generations of students and scholars in our understanding of the relationship of Christian beliefs and modern psychol- ogy. That Carter and Narramore’s (1979) volume remains in print and in use after more than four decades is a testimony to that influence. Here, I briefly explore the ways of knowing in general and elaborate on scientific knowing as a unique and powerful approach to appre- hending what our senses and instruments reveal. Scientific knowing is premised on several essential assumptions, employs a time-tested array of strategies to systematically gath- er …

Relationships Between Burnout, Isolation, Secondary Trauma, And Self-Compassion In Mental Health Providers, Michael Underiner, Rodger K. Bufford, Mary Peterson, Daniel Rodriquez

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Burnout is a common challenge among mental health professionals.

It is the main catalyst for professional misconduct (Morse, et al., 2012) and common among mental health professionals (Prime, et al., 2020; Sampiao, et al, 2021; Simionato & Simpson, 2018).

COVID-19 increased social isolation, decreased social support, and strained family systems among mental health practitioners increasing risk (Prime, et al., 2020; Sampaio, et al., 2021). Social distancing also diminished systemic resources and increased reliance on personal resources for coping. Ongoing vicarious trauma increased, thus fostering burnout (McBride, et al., 2020; Shoji et al., 2016). Self-compassion is proposed as a possible solution …

Relationships Between Burnout, Isolation, Secondary Trauma, And Self-Compassion In Mental Health Providers, Michael Underiner Psyd, Rodger K. Bufford, Mary Peterson Phd, Daniel Rodriquez Psyd

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Burnout is a common challenge among mental health professionals It is the main catalyst for professional misconduct (Morse, et al., 2012) and common among mental health professionals (Prime, et al., 2020; Sampiao, et al, 2021; Simionato & Simpson, 2018). COVID-19 increased social isolation, decreased social support, and strained family systems among mental health practitioners increasing risk (Prime, et al., 2020; Sampaio, et al., 2021). Social distancing also diminished systemic resources and increased reliance on personal resources for coping. Ongoing vicarious trauma increased, thus fostering burnout (McBride, et al., 2020; Shoji et al., 2016). Self-compassion is proposed as a possible solution …

Relative Impact Of Human & Natural Trauma On Psychological Functioning, Javeen Beard Psyd, Rodger K. Bufford, Kenneth Logan Psyd, Aundrea Paxton Psyd

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

The purpose of this study is to compare the long-term quality of life of individuals who undergo human and natural trauma. We hypothesize that with perceived social support held constant, individuals will have a better quality of life following natural trauma than human trauma.

Personal Disclosure: Supervision’S Goals Reflected In Trainee Experience, Aaron Strusser M.A., Kathleen A. Gathercoal Ph.D., Rodger K. Bufford, Mary Peterson Ph.D.

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

The research question of this study explored how trainees’ experienced personal disclosures compared to the goals expressed by supervision theories. This study only explored the experience within a quasi-supervision environment, a practitioner-centered supervision occuring in groups within academic environments; developed from clinical supervision, it differs in environment, lack of access to client records, and lack of client oversight responsibilities, leading to a focus on practitioner-growth instead of client safety.

Dynamic Risk As A Predictive Of Sexual Offense Treatment Outcomes, Kaylee Bartnes Ma, Jessica Cantley Ms, Jaycee Hallford Ms, Cameron Stumpf Ma, Nicholas Rodgers Ma, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Past Research  Those with higher criminogenic needs are more likely to recidivate (Andrews and Bonta, 1998).  Mandated therapy services have shown to have lower completion rates due to the lower intrinsic motivation (Rosenfeld, 1992).  Individuals mandated to treatment as a consequence of a previous sexual offense find engaging in treatment more challenging to complete as stigma, bias, social norms, and risk factors complicate and hinder their success (Olver et al., 2011). Current Study. We explored how dynamic risk factors differ between individuals who do and do not successfully complete mandated sexual offense treatment.

Personality Predictors Of Sexual Offense Treatment Completion, Jessica Cantley Ms, Kaylee Bartnes Ma, Jaycee Hallford Ms, B. Cameron Stumpf Ma, Nicholas Rodgers Ma, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

We sought to investigate the predictive utility of personality characteristics for sexual offense treatment outcomes. We aimed to provide a basis for future research on why individuals with higher psychopathology, substance use, and antisocial characteristics are less likely to complete sex offender treatment.

Racial Healing In The Church: The Usefulness Of The Interpersonal Process In Therapy Model, Winston Seegobin

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Racial disunity is a major challenge facing the Christian church. This article examines psychological factors that contribute to and maintain both racial disunity and racial unity through the lens of the Interpersonal Process in Therapy model (Sullivan, 1968; Teyber & Teyber, 2017). It looks at how early interpersonal relationships in childhood influence interpersonal relationships as adults and how the therapeutic relationship as a healing influence can be applied to racial healing as adults. Spiritual factors that contribute to and maintain racial disunity and racial unity are also discussed. Understanding that it is the relationship that heals, specific strategies such as …

Measuring Spiritual Well-Being In International Contexts, Rodger K. Bufford, Raymond F. Paloutzian

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) is a 20-item measure of self-perceived wellness. Developed in the 1980s, it includes two subscales with 10 items each. Responses are made on a 6-point continuum from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree with no neutral point; 9 of the items are negatively worded to minimize response biases. US samples show good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Content validity was established in construction. Expected correlations with religion and spirituality indices, social and psychological measures, and physical functioning and demonstration of expected group differences support criterion validity. Factor analysis commonly shows 2 factors corresponding to the religious …

Spiritual Well-Being Scale (Swbs): Measuring Spiritual Well-Being In International Contexts, Rodger K. Bufford, Raymond F. Paloutzian

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) is a 20-item measure of self-perceived spiritual health. Developed in the 1980s, it includes 2 subscales with 10 items each. Responses are made on a 6-point continuum from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree with no neutral point; 9 of the items are negatively worded to minimize response biases. The US samples show good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Content validity was established in construction. Expected correlations with religion and spirituality indices, social and psychological measures, and physical functioning and demonstration of expected group differences support criterion validity. Factor analysis commonly shows 2 factors corresponding to …

Dynamic Risk As A Predictive Of Sexual Offense Treatment, Kaylee Bartnes Ma, Jessica Cantley Ms, Jaycee Hallford Ms, Cameron Stumpf Ma, Nicholas Rogers Ma, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Past Research ▪ Those with higher criminogenic needs are more likely to recidivate (Andrews and Bonta, 1998). ▪ Mandated therapy services have shown to have lower completion rates due to the lower intrinsic motivation (Rosenfeld, 1992). ▪ Individuals mandated to treatment as a consequence of a previous sexual offense find engaging in treatment more challenging to complete as stigma, bias, social norms, and risk factors complicate and hinder their success (Olver et al., 2011).

Current Study ▪ We explored how dynamic risk factors differ between individuals who do and do not successfully complete mandated sexual offense treatment.

Growing In Grace, Rodger K. Bufford, Kenneth Logan, Michael Vogel, Marshal George

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

Psychological And Spiritual Factors Affecting Well-Being Among Military Personnel Engaged In Remote Combat, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Remotely piloted aircraft (RP A) require multiple crewmembers to successfully operate the aircraft RPAs shape modem warfare and pose challenges for the spiritual-emotional health of RPA personnel. This study explored whether (a) RPA crewmembers could be separated into groups based on their experiences, (b) the groups differed in psychological health outcomes, and (c) they differed in aspects of spiritual wellbeing. Method: Participants included 354 United States Air Force personnel involved in RPA duty. Participants provided demographic information and completed the Work Role Strain Scale as a predictor. Outcome measures included job satisfaction, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Outcome Questionnaire-45.2, Posttraumatic Stress …

A Time For Wisdom (Introduction), Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Prescribed Physical Therapy To A Home Exercise Program For Pediatric Sports-Related Concussion Patients, August M. Price, Nicholas Arvin, Benjamin Seagraves, Scott O. Burkhart, Gregory Knell

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

The purpose of this retrospective chart review was to compare sports-related concussion (SRC) recovery time in protracted recovery (≥28 days) patients who were prescribed physical therapy (PPT) with those who were only provided a home exercise program (HEP). We hypothesized PPT would be associated with shorter recovery times relative to HEP. Associations were evaluated with multivariable zero-truncated negative binomial regressions. Among the 48 (30.2%) PPT and 111 (69.8%) HEP patients, the majority were female (57.9%), the mean age was 15.3 ± 1.4 (PPT) and 14.2 ± 2.8 (HEP), and time to clinic was a median 6.0 (IQR = 3.0–27.0; PPT) …

Learning Integration: Knowledge Outcomes Of A Course Integrating Psychology And Christian Beliefs, Rodger K. Bufford, Robert Wingerter, Whitney Standal Schollars

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Several studies of student perceptions found students reported their integration learning is best in a supportive academic setting with faculty mentors who are “bulwarks” of the faith and emotionally transparent sojourners (e.g., Sorenson et al., 2004). However, little is known about integration learning outcomes. In Study 1, twenty-two participants provided definitions of integration at the beginning and end of a single-semester graduate Christian integration course in clinical psychology. Large significant differences (Cohen’s d = 1.49) were found between pretest and posttest scores, indicating a large gain in integration knowledge. Study 2 also utilized a pretest/posttest quasi-experimental design for a sub- …

Exploring Vestibular/Ocular And Cognitive Dysfunction As Prognostic Factors For Protracted Recovery In Sports-Related Concussion Patients Aged 8 To 12 Years, August Price, Gregory Knell, Todd Caze, John Abt, Dustin Loveland, Scott Burkhart

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Objective: To explore the prognostic ability of the vestibular/ocular motor screening (VOMS), King–Devick (K-D) Test, and C3 Logix Trails A and B to identify protracted recovery from sports-related concussion (SRC) in patients aged 8 to 12 years. Design: Retrospective cohort analysis. Setting: Specialty pediatric sports concussion clinic. Participants: A total of 114 youth athletes aged 8 to 12 years who were diagnosed with an SRC within 7 days of injury. Independent Variables: A positive screen on the VOMS, K-D, and C3 Logix Trails A and Trails B. Combined positive screens on multiple tests (ie, 2, 3, or all 4 positive …

Poster: The Relationship Between Grace And Self-Compassion, Lindsay Price, Melissa Flores, Javeen Beard, Rodger K. Bufford

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

Dimensions Of Grace Scale: Concurrent Validation, Rodger K. Bufford, Javeen Beard, Melissa Flores, Lindsay Price, Adam Hodge

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

Poster: Validity Of Anxiety And Depression Scales Created From The Ncha-Ii, Matthew J. Ditty, William Buhrow, Rodger K. Bufford, Joel Gregor

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

Considering Religious Mediators & Moderators Of The Dimensions Of Grace Scale, Rodger K. Bufford, Kenneth Logan

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

No abstract provided.

Machine Learning To Predict Sports-Related Concussion Recovery Using Clinical Data, Yan Chu, Gregory Knell, Riley P. Brayton, Scott O. Burkhart, Xiaoqian Jiang, Shayan Shams

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Objectives: Sport-related concussions (SRCs) are a concern for high school athletes. Understanding factors contributing to SRC recovery time may improve clinical management. However, the complexity of the many clinical measures of concussion data precludes many traditional methods. This study aimed to answer the question, what is the utility of modeling clinical concussion data using machine-learning algorithms for pre- dicting SRC recovery time and protracted recovery? Methods: This was a retrospective case series of participants aged 8 to 18 years with a diagnosis of SRC. A 6- part measure was administered to assess pre-injury risk factors, initial injury severity, and post-concussion …

Need To Clarify Mechanisms Explaining The Effect Of Screen Time On Recovery From Concussion, Scott O. Burkhart

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

The randomized clinical trial by Macnow et al1 on the effect of screen time limitations on concussion recovery found that patients in the screen time restricted group had a significantly shorter recovery time than patients in the screen time permitted group. These novel and compelling findings may contribute to future clinical guidelines. However, the potential effect of the screen time intervention on changes in physical activity may have been overlooked.

Association Between Concussion History And Factors Relating To Cognitive, Behavioral, And Emotional Health Among American High School Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Gregory Knell, Scott O. Burkhart, Todd J. Caze, John D. Polousky, Harold W. Kohl, Sarah E. Messiah

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Background: The cognitive, behavioral, and emotional deficits that may be associated with sports-related concussions among adolescents are unclear.

Purpose: To examine the association between reported concussion history and factors relating to cognitive, behavioral, and emotional health among a population-based sample of US high school-aged adolescents.

Study design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods: Participants included a representative sample of US high school student-athletes who reported a concussion history (in the past 12 months) and relevant behaviors/outcomes within 3 domains: cognitive (academics, difficulty concentrating), behavioral (drinking and driving, carrying a weapon, physically fighting, tobacco use, marijuana use, binge drinking), and …

Attitudes Of Religious Leaders Toward Integrating Psychology And Church Ministry, Adam S. Hodge, Joshua N. Hook, Don E. Davis, Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Although psychology and religion deal with overlapping subject matter, the relationship between psychology and the church has a tumultuous history. The current study examined religious leaders’ attitudes toward integrating psychological science into church ministry. Religious leaders (N = 394) completed measures of (a) congregants’ mental health and social concerns, (b) attitudes toward psychological science (i.e., perceived barriers of integration, compatibility with church ministry), and (c) hypothesized predictors of attitudes toward the integration of psychology and church ministry (i.e., political conservatism, intratextual fundamentalism, religious intellectual humility, emotional intelligence). Overall, religious leaders expressed both positive and negative attitudes toward psychology. Conservative political …

Experiencing Grace: A Review Of The Empirical Literature, Adam S. Hodge, Joshua N. Hook, Don E. Davis, Daryl R. Van Tongeren, Rodger K. Bufford, Rodney L. Bassett, Mark R. Mcminn

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Positive psychologists have used science to understand many virtues but have only just started to study grace, recently defined as ‘ . . . the gift of acceptance given unconditionally and voluntarily to an undeserving person by an unobligated giver’. The purpose of the current article is to provide a systematic review of all empirical studies (published and unpublished) on grace. Broadly, the empirical study of grace has focused on what people believe and how people experience both divine and human grace. Additionally, empirical attention has shifted to explore outcomes of grace-based interventions (e.g., congregation-wide interventions, marital interventions). In general, …

A Physiologically Based Approach To Prescribing Exercise Following A Sport‑Related Concussion, Phillip R. Worts, Scott O. Burkhart, Jeong-Su Kim

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Clinical management of concussion has evolved over the last 20 years, and complete cognitive and physical rest remains a common clinical recommendation. The duration of rest may vary widely, from 24–48 h to several weeks or until the patient’s symptoms have resolved or returned to near baseline levels. Following a period of rest, a stepwise progression of exercise is used for gradual return to play or to work. Previous research in healthy people suggested that prolonged periods of physical inactivity consistently induced deleterious physiological and psychological efects. A growing body of evidence indicates that initiating exercise earlier in the recovery …

Metacognitive Changes In Individuals With Severe Mental Disorders In Response To Psychoanalytic Therapy, David W. Neal Psyd, Rodger K. Bufford, Marylin Charles Phd, Nancy Thurston

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Metacognitive deficits are thought to differ across mental disorder categories. Insights regarding these differences may shed light on etiology and treatment. We investigated metacognitive outcomes of long-term psychodynamic therapy in the sample with chronic/severe mental disorders and personality disorders.