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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Rethinking Burnout In Informal Caregivers: Development And Validation Of The Informal Caregiver Burnout Inventory - 10 Item Form, Nicholas James
Rethinking Burnout In Informal Caregivers: Development And Validation Of The Informal Caregiver Burnout Inventory - 10 Item Form, Nicholas James
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Measurement of informal caregiver burnout is typically achieved by re-purposing scales of occupational burnout. Such approaches have several methodological and theoretical weaknesses. This paper proposes a new tool for measuring caregiver burnout: The Informal Caregiver Burnout Inventory (ICBI). In the first portion of this study, focused feedback was collected from within-field experts and caregivers. Following item revision, an online sample of informal US caregivers of an individual with dementia was collected. Item Response Theory analysis was used to prune low-information or low-consistency items from the scale. The finalized ICBI contained 10 items and showed strong convergent validity, adequately differentiated burnout …
Determining And Assessing Fault Attribution In Collisions Involving Autonomous Vehicles, Alexandra Kaplan
Determining And Assessing Fault Attribution In Collisions Involving Autonomous Vehicles, Alexandra Kaplan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
There exists considerable research concerning how humans attribute fault to each other, both in cases of accidents and those instances of intentional harm. There also exist studies involving blame attribution towards robots, when such robots have caused harm through operational failure or lack of safety features. However, relatively little work has, to date, examined the ways in which fault is attributed to self-driving vehicles involved in collisions, despite many newspaper and popular articles which both report past incidents and warn of future risk. This dissertation examined fault attribution in collisions involving autonomous vehicles by conducting three separate experiments. The first …
Examining The Moderating Role Of Coping Strategies In The Relationship Between Team Role Alignment And Employee Well-Being Outcomes, Justine Moavero
Examining The Moderating Role Of Coping Strategies In The Relationship Between Team Role Alignment And Employee Well-Being Outcomes, Justine Moavero
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Individual well-being outcomes like engagement and burnout can have a major impact on employees and their performance. As a result, the organization itself may experience serious repercussions, financial and otherwise. Teams have become ubiquitous within modern organizations, with operations largely consisting of workers that engage in various levels of teamwork. As such, factors of team dynamics might influence well-being outcomes by either improving or exacerbating the occupational health of the employee. Research has demonstrated that team roles are foundational and enacted within every team; however, there is little existing literature assessing the impact of team role alignment on employee well-being. …
The Effect Of Economic Conditions On The Prevalence Of Abusive Supervisory Behaviors: A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis, Xinyue Zhao
The Effect Of Economic Conditions On The Prevalence Of Abusive Supervisory Behaviors: A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis, Xinyue Zhao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The antecedents of abusive supervisory behaviors have been largely examined at the individual and organizational level. Hardly any attempts have been made to investigate abusive supervisory behaviors in a context broader than the organization. I try to answer the question "does a recession really unleash abusive supervisory behaviors?" by conducting a cross-temporal meta-analysis to examine the effect of economic conditions on the prevalence of abusive supervisory behaviors. Considering economic conditions as an antecedent to abusive supervisory behaviors provides a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomena. I proposed four reasons to explain how economic conditions affect employee's perception of abusive supervisory …
Sexual Assault Acknowledgment And Psychological Symptoms: The Indirect Effect Of Social Reactions To Disclosures, Emily Bernstein
Sexual Assault Acknowledgment And Psychological Symptoms: The Indirect Effect Of Social Reactions To Disclosures, Emily Bernstein
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Sexual assault is a prevalent problem for women. As a result of sexual assault, women experience a host of negative psychological consequences such as posttraumatic stress, depression, and anxiety. While some survivors label their sexual assault experience as such (i.e., are acknowledged survivors), other survivors do not and use other terms (e.g., a miscommunication). The effect of acknowledgement of sexual assault on post-assault outcomes has yielded mixed findings: some find that unacknowledged survivors report better psychological functioning, while others find that acknowledged survivors have better outcomes. This study sought to better understand acknowledgment status and psychological outcomes by examining the …
Workplace Stress And Sleep Quality: The Differential Moderating Effects Of Problem- And Emotion-Focused Coping, Wheeler Nakahara
Workplace Stress And Sleep Quality: The Differential Moderating Effects Of Problem- And Emotion-Focused Coping, Wheeler Nakahara
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Research on coping has provided consistent evidence that emotion-focused coping strategies tend to have negative ramifications for well-being, whereas problem-focused coping strategies tend to promote well-being. However, there is little research that examines how these two types of coping strategies impact stressor-sleep quality relationships. Therefore, the current thesis included two studies that utilized Lazarus and Folkman's (1984) conceptualization of coping as either problem-focused or emotion-focused to test the impact of those coping strategies on stressor-sleep quality relationships. The first study was cross-sectional and investigated the effect of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping on the relationship between workload and sleep quality, and …
Working Memory In Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An Investigation Of Short-Term And Central Executive Memory Components Using Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Samuel Eckrich
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an early onset, highly heritable, chronic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by underdeveloped/deficient executive functions, particularly those entailing working memory (WM). Substantial research exists documenting WM deficits in pediatric age range ADHD and their relation with adverse learning outcomes; however, relatively little is known concerning the extent to which deficient WM processes reflect underlying deficiencies in hemodynamic functioning (OxyHb). This is the first study to use a movement-tolerant neuroimaging tool—functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)—to investigate hypothesized prefrontalOxyHb differences between children with ADHD and typically developing (TD) children while they complete memory tasks differing in cognitive processing demands (e.g., …
Comparing Human And Machine Learning Classification Of Human Factors In Incident Reports From Aviation, Claas Tido Boesser
Comparing Human And Machine Learning Classification Of Human Factors In Incident Reports From Aviation, Claas Tido Boesser
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Incident reporting systems are an integral part of any organization seeking to increase the safety of their operation by gathering data on past events, which can then be used to identify ways of mitigating similar events in the future. In order to analyze trends and common issues with regards to the human element in the system, reports are often classified according to a human factors taxonomy. Lately, machine learning algorithms have become popular tools for automated classification of text; however, performance of such algorithms varies and is dependent on several factors. In supervised machine learning tasks such as text classification, …
Social Connectedness And College Student Alcohol Use: Understanding The Role Of Alcohol Expectancies, Social Anxiety, And Need To Belong, Mark Crisafulli
Social Connectedness And College Student Alcohol Use: Understanding The Role Of Alcohol Expectancies, Social Anxiety, And Need To Belong, Mark Crisafulli
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Despite recent decreases in college alcohol use, alcohol related harms continue to occur at high rates and currently available interventions do not work as well as previously thought. Research has found sociability expectancies to be particularly important in predicting risky alcohol use, and expectancy challenge programs that target these expectancies can be effective in reducing heavy drinking. Little is known, however, about how other social variables might contribute to the influence of expectancies in promoting alcohol use. The current study used structural equation modeling to test models of alcohol use examining how need to belong and social connectedness fit into …
The Relationship Between Familism And Social Distancing Behaviors During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Thien-An Le
The Relationship Between Familism And Social Distancing Behaviors During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Thien-An Le
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Transmission of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) occurs efficiently and from symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, therefore making it highly infectious. As such, social distancing is generally recommended to mitigate the speed of transmission and decrease incidence, hospitalization, and mortality rates. Consistent with other chronic medical conditions, COVID-19 is disproportionately affecting Hispanic/Latinx and black populations. One inherent cultural concept, familism, might also serve to inhibit adherence to social distancing guidelines. Thus, the current study contributes to the growing literature on COVID-19, specifically examining barriers underscoring health disparities. This study evaluated Attitudinal Familism (AFS) and Behavioral Familism (BFS) as predictors of adherence of social …
Does One Bad Phish Spoil The Whole Email Load?: Exploring Phishing Susceptibility Task Factors And Potential Interventions, Dawn Sarno
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Phishing emails have become a prevalent cybersecurity threat for the modern email user. Research attempting to understand how users are susceptible to phishing attacks has been limited and hasn't fully explored how task factors influence accurate detection. Even further lacking are the existing training interventions that still have users falling victim to up to 90% of phishing emails following training. The present studies examined how task factors (e.g., email load, phishing prevalence) and a new form of intervention, rather than training, influence email performance. In four experiments, participants classified emails as either legitimate or not legitimate and reported on a …
The Effects Of Social Conformity In Human-Robot Interaction, William Volante
The Effects Of Social Conformity In Human-Robot Interaction, William Volante
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
While previous work has investigated aspects of the robot, the human, and the environment as influential factors in the human-robot relationship, little work has examined the role of social conformity in this relationship. As social conformity has been shown to affect human-human choice, relationships, and trust, there are a-priori reasons to believe that it will play an influential role in human-robot interaction (HRI) scenarios as well. Early research into the influence of social conformity in human-robot interaction (HRI) did not find the effect to be present with robots, however more recent work has adapted the methodological paradigm to find more …
What Do You Do When You Are Bored? Outcomes And Moderators Of Job Boredom, Mitchell Eid
What Do You Do When You Are Bored? Outcomes And Moderators Of Job Boredom, Mitchell Eid
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
While little research on job boredom currently exists, most has focused on its connection to outcomes which are harmful to organizations. However, there is research that suggests boredom may have a positive relationship to creativity. The current study hypothesized that job boredom would be positively related to workplace creativity and that this relationship would be moderated by openness to experience. The current study also attempted to replicate previous research linking job boredom to counterproductive work behavior with boredom proneness as a moderator. Data were collected from 219 participants through a self-report survey on MTURK and analyzed with moderated regression analyses. …
Why Experienced Incivility Triggers Instigated Incivility: Combining The Affect-Based And Resource-Based Pathways, Xin Peng
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Ever since Andersson and Pearson's seminal work (1999), incivility has become one of the most commonly studied forms of mistreatment in the organizational sciences (Hershcovis, 2011). While research to date has yielded significant findings about the effects of experienced incivility, far less is known about the underlying mechanisms that linked experienced incivility and instigated incivility. Among the limited studies investigating the positively relationship between experienced incivility and instigated incivility, two distinct theoretical frameworks, affective-based perspective and resource-based, were drew upon. And these two perspectives have never been examined in the same model. To this end, I investigated negative affect (affect-based …
Move Your Body, Change Your Mind: Physical Activity In The Morning And Its Implications For Work, Charlotte Holden
Move Your Body, Change Your Mind: Physical Activity In The Morning And Its Implications For Work, Charlotte Holden
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Drawing upon the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions (Fredrickson, 2001), this study examines the links between morning physical activity, subsequent positive emotions, broadened thinking, and psychological resource accumulation at work. Fifty-two participants who worked full-time completed a daily diary for 10 workdays that included measures of their emotions and physical activity each morning and measures of broadened thinking each afternoon. Psychological resources were assessed at the beginning and end of the 10-day period. Data were analyzed using multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) with Mplus. Results did not support the mediating role of positive emotions and broadened thinking between morning physical …
Assessing Stress Outcomes Of Interpersonal Helping: An Application Of Hindrance Stress Appraisals, Michael Distaso
Assessing Stress Outcomes Of Interpersonal Helping: An Application Of Hindrance Stress Appraisals, Michael Distaso
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), including interpersonal helping, have traditionally been framed as explicitly positive behaviors with positive outcomes. The present study extended both theory on negative outcomes of OCB and the challenge-hindrance framework by applying the appraisal perspective of the challenge-hindrance framework to the study of helping events. The study employed an event sampling method that asked participants to report critical incidents of helping events that occurred at work. Results showed that perceived help difficulty predicted hindrance appraisals of help, but daily workload did not. This suggests that the content of helping event is more important than circumstantial factors surrounding …
Changes In Likely Activation Patterns Of Alcohol Expectancies After Exposure To The Expectancy Challenge Alcohol Literacy Curriculum (Ecalc), Jessica Flori
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Alcohol is the most commonly used substance by adolescents in the United States with underage alcohol use being associated with a variety of harms. The Expectancy Challenge Alcohol Literacy Curriculum (ECALC) is a 45-minute interactive expectancy challenge intervention that has been found to be effective in reducing alcohol use. Although ECALC is thought to produce reductions in drinking by changing expectancies, the nature of these expectancy changes has yet to be explored. The purpose of the present study was to link ECALC outcome studies with a memory model approach to understanding the mechanism by which expectancies influence behavior. Participants (n …
Neurophysiological Correlates Of Trust In Robots, Theresa Kessler
Neurophysiological Correlates Of Trust In Robots, Theresa Kessler
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
This work is designed to address the questions as to what drives and collapses trust between a human and a robot. Such information is needed to properly design automated decision aids. Human-robot trust (HRT) has traditionally been measured by questionnaires, which can be subject to lack of participant understanding, disengagement, and dishonesty. Therefore, implicit measures of trust are needed to measure HRT. The goal here is to identify neuro-physiological underpinnings (implicit measures) for HRT to assist designers in the development of automated robotic aids. More specifically, experiment one, looked to determine the effects of witnessing robot error on skin conductance …
Maladaptive Personality Traits And Acute Psychological Distress In Individuals With Head And Neck Cancer, Christopher Spencer
Maladaptive Personality Traits And Acute Psychological Distress In Individuals With Head And Neck Cancer, Christopher Spencer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Personality disorders (PD) and related traits are associated with and predictive of medical outcomes. One mechanism whereby this may occur is through the interaction of PD traits and distress during treatment of chronic illness, especially in cancer. The majority of head and neck cancers (HNC) are caused by alcohol and tobacco, the disordered use of which is prevalent in those with PDs. This study examined how PD traits relate to distress for individuals during and after treatment of HNC (32.8% in active treatment). A sample of 137 individuals (70.8% male; median age 66) with a diagnosis of HNC from a …
Examining The Role Of Item Scrolling In Mobile Cognitive Assessment, Betsir Zemen
Examining The Role Of Item Scrolling In Mobile Cognitive Assessment, Betsir Zemen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The use of mobile assessment in personnel selection is an increasing trend that offers benefits to job applicants and organizations, including increased convenience of testing and expanded applicant pools (Tippins, 2011). Fewer than 10 published studies have examined the measurement equivalence of pre-employment cognitive ability assessments administered over mobile compared to non-mobile devices. Some of this research has found evidence of measurement equivalence and no score differences across device types while other studies contradict these results (Arthur et al., 2017). The present study is the first to investigate the measurement equivalence of a mobile-delivered, adaptively administered pre-hire cognitive ability assessment. …
The Mediating Role Of Leader-Member Exchange: Leader Personality And Information Sharing, Hillary Chandler
The Mediating Role Of Leader-Member Exchange: Leader Personality And Information Sharing, Hillary Chandler
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
This study investigated the mechanisms that facilitate information sharing, specifically, how leader personality may affect leader-employee relationship quality and employee information sharing behavior. Those who share information with their leaders and coworkers contribute more to their team and improve performance on an individual, team, and organizational level (Wang & Noe, 2010). This research examines the relationships between leader personality, employee perceived leader-member exchange quality, and employee information sharing. Responses (n = 81) from undergraduate students who work at least 20 hours a week were used in study analyses. Surveys used to collect data for this study covered employee perception of …
Effects Of Nurses' Workload On Creativity And Innovation: Examining The Role Of Trait Mindfulness As A Moderator, Kinjal Chheda
Effects Of Nurses' Workload On Creativity And Innovation: Examining The Role Of Trait Mindfulness As A Moderator, Kinjal Chheda
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The workload is one of the dominant stressful factors among the nursing occupation that results in negative consequences at the individual, team, and organizational levels. On the other hand, creativity and innovation can help nurses and organizations to provide better patient care and maintain a competitive edge in a fast dynamic environment. However, this becomes challenging when nurses are exposed to a frequent increase in workload. Within this study, I first examine the form of the relationships between 1) workload (stressor) and creativity (outcome 1); and 2) workload and innovation (outcome 2) to comprehend the optimal conditions to achieve positive …
Lego My Ego: The Puzzling Role Of Self-Esteem And Goal Orientation On Appraisals Of Unsolicited Help, Emily Broksch
Lego My Ego: The Puzzling Role Of Self-Esteem And Goal Orientation On Appraisals Of Unsolicited Help, Emily Broksch
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
The threat-to-self-esteem model suggests an individual's interpretation of an offer of help is influenced by factors of the aid that have implicit consequences to the helpee's self-esteem (Fisher, Nadler, & Whitcher-Alagna, 1982). Basic needs theory states that the fulfillment of autonomy and competency needs are two components necessary for an individual to achieve optimal well-being, and thus self-image (i.e., self-esteem; Ryan & Deci, 2000). As such, this study used a LEGO building task and manipulated challenges to autonomy and competency in order to determine the extent to which an individual finds an unsolicited offer of help as threatening or supportive …
Social Support And Mental Health Outcomes Of Lgb People Of Color, Jessica Ruiz
Social Support And Mental Health Outcomes Of Lgb People Of Color, Jessica Ruiz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual people of color (LGB PoC) continue to remain an understudied population. Research supports that LGB PoC may experience greater negative health consequences compared to LGB racial/ethnic majority populations. Social support, including family and peer support, is often associated with positive health outcomes for sexual minorities of all backgrounds. The present study sought to evaluate differences between types of social support, including what occurs when one is faced with significant loss of support (i.e., family support). Comparisons between groups sought to determine whether alternative systems of support (i.e., peer social support) buffers against the negative impact of …