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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 30 of 42
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Shared Leadership Emergence: The Role Of Leader Identity And Leadership Structure Schema, Erica Medrano
Shared Leadership Emergence: The Role Of Leader Identity And Leadership Structure Schema, Erica Medrano
Theses and Dissertations
The increasing popularity of self-managing teams has sparked interest in the impact of shared leadership structures on team outcomes. Yet, it is unclear how shared leadership structures form or why they vary across teams. While research suggests that leadership claiming and granting are essential to the social construction of shared leadership in teams, the latter has received little attention. Therefore, this study aimed to address the fundamental questions “what factors determine who is granted leadership by individuals in a team?” and “what factors determine how many others are granted leadership by individuals in a team?” I proposed that leader identity …
Better Safe Than Sorry? Examining The Effectiveness Of Defensive Impression Management And Supplication Techniques In Attracting Minority Applicants To Public Safety Careers, Temitayo Opeyemi Lawal
Better Safe Than Sorry? Examining The Effectiveness Of Defensive Impression Management And Supplication Techniques In Attracting Minority Applicants To Public Safety Careers, Temitayo Opeyemi Lawal
Theses and Dissertations
The recent media coverage of fatal interactions between police officers and unarmed Black citizens has led to increased calls for law enforcement agencies to diversify their departments. However, many agencies struggle to attract qualified minority candidates due to the negative history between law enforcement and minority communities. This study examined whether the use targeted defensive impression management techniques, such as apologizing for past transgressions, and supplicative recruiting messages can influence attraction and job pursuit intentions for minority applicants. This study also explored whether applicant perceptions of an organization’s sincerity and value of diversity mediates the relationship between diversity recruiting messages …
Perceptions Of Naloxone Training And Administration Among Law Enforcement Officers, Katelyn Rae Goodall
Perceptions Of Naloxone Training And Administration Among Law Enforcement Officers, Katelyn Rae Goodall
Theses and Dissertations
The opioid epidemic was officially declared a public health emergency in 2017 when the rate of deaths per day from opioid overdoses was steadily increasing (CMS, n.d.). As of 2019 – 2020, 61,297 of the 83,544 reported drug overdose deaths were attributed to opioids in general, with 48,729 accounted for by synthetic opioids (CDC, 2021). Due to the significant impact on public health and safety, law enforcement departments have been tasked with developing and implementing naloxone policies and trainings. Law enforcement officers are often the first on the scene of an overdose outnumber fire rescue and emergency medical responders across …
Utilizing The Radsm Process: Developing An Unobtrusive Measure Of Cohesion, Zachary Lee Rahner
Utilizing The Radsm Process: Developing An Unobtrusive Measure Of Cohesion, Zachary Lee Rahner
Theses and Dissertations
In this study, verbal indicators produced following the RADSM process were used to code transcript data collected from 62 three-person teams playing a cooperative bridge crew simulator. A training dataset, consisting of 88 mission transcripts, and a testing dataset, consisting of 39 mission transcripts, were created from the data. Multilevel modeling was employed to develop a linear-regression algorithm to predict/measure team task and social cohesion. The findings revealed that task cohesion perceptions are linked to the proportion of speech dedicated to information requests and instructions, whereas social cohesion perceptions are associated with the proportion of speech dedicated to amusing and …
Teacher Choice-Allocation Of Delayed Treatment Outcomes Based On Severity Of Student Problem Behavior, Natalia Victoria Colón
Teacher Choice-Allocation Of Delayed Treatment Outcomes Based On Severity Of Student Problem Behavior, Natalia Victoria Colón
Theses and Dissertations
Delay discounting is the systematic preference for smaller, sooner rewards over larger, later rewards, particularly as the delay to the larger, later reward is increased. It is used to explain impulsivity. Monetary rewards have been most frequently studied; however, impulsivity has also been represented with behavioral treatment outcomes for maladaptive behavior where a caregiver is responsible for its implementation (Call et al., 2015; Scheithauer et al., 2020). Maladaptive behavior is a common concern among families with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Long-term improvements are not uncommon in behavior analysis. It may be detrimental to client gains if caregivers discount longer acting …
Brevity Vs. Breadth: Can Memory Disorders Be Diagnosed Using Fewer Neuropsychological Assessments?, Analise Roccaforte
Brevity Vs. Breadth: Can Memory Disorders Be Diagnosed Using Fewer Neuropsychological Assessments?, Analise Roccaforte
Theses and Dissertations
Object: The present study examines the clinical utility of combining a cognitive screener, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), with a measure of adaptive functioning, Texas Functional Living Scale (TFLS), to diagnose memory disorders when differentiating between cognition within normal limits (WNL), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Method: A total of 207 Health First Memory Disorder Clinic patients, ages 64-94, were included in the study. Participants were screened using the MoCA and then they completed a brief neuropsychological evaluation, which included the TFLS. Participants were only included if they received a diagnosis of cognition WNL, MCI, or AD. They …
Beyond Resource Depletion: An Examination Of Sleepiness, Self-Regulation, And Goal Progress, Kauyer Lor
Beyond Resource Depletion: An Examination Of Sleepiness, Self-Regulation, And Goal Progress, Kauyer Lor
Theses and Dissertations
Research on employee sleepiness and self-regulation has primarily adopted a resource depletion perspective. However, other theoretical frameworks suggest additional processes may be involved. The current study explored this idea by examining the relationship between sleepiness, self-regulation, and goal progress within an integrative self-control theoretical framework (Kotabe & Hofmann, 2015). This study included a sample of 127 employees recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and a snowball method through social media. Participants completed seven signal surveys within a single workday assessing sleepiness, desire, higher-order goal, control capacity, control motivation, self-control enactment, desire enactment, and goal progress. Results from multilevel modeling indicated that …
Boosting Brain Waves Improves Memory, Richard J. Addante, Mairy Yousif, Rosemarie Valencia, Constance Greenwood, Raechel Marino
Boosting Brain Waves Improves Memory, Richard J. Addante, Mairy Yousif, Rosemarie Valencia, Constance Greenwood, Raechel Marino
Psychology Faculty Publications
Have you ever wanted to improve your memory? Or have you struggled to remember what you studied? Memory uses special patterns of activity in the brain. This experiment tested a new way to create brain wave patterns that help with memory. We wanted to see if we could improve memory by using lights and sounds that teach the brain waves to be in sync. People wore special goggles that made flashes of light and headphones that made beeping noises. This trained the brain through a process called entrainment. The entrainment put the brain in sync at a specific brain wave …
Boosting Brain Waves Improves Memory, Richard J. Addante, Mairy Yousif, Rosemarie Valencia, Constance Greenwood, Raechel Marino
Boosting Brain Waves Improves Memory, Richard J. Addante, Mairy Yousif, Rosemarie Valencia, Constance Greenwood, Raechel Marino
Psychology Student Publications
Have you ever wanted to improve your memory? Or have you struggled to remember what you studied? Memory uses special patterns of activity in the brain. This experiment tested a new way to create brain wave patterns that help with memory. We wanted to see if we could improve memory by using lights and sounds that teach the brain waves to be in sync. People wore special goggles that made flashes of light and headphones that made beeping noises. This trained the brain through a process called entrainment. The entrainment put the brain in sync at a specific brain wave …
Development And Evaluation Of An Object Relations Measure For The Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank, John Thomas Rucker Iii
Development And Evaluation Of An Object Relations Measure For The Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank, John Thomas Rucker Iii
Theses and Dissertations
Personality assessment measures provide useful insight into the characteristic dispositions and psychological makeup of clinical populations and are routinely utilized by mental health professionals to guide treatment and case conceptualizations. Most widely used psychological measures include indicators of interpersonal functioning. Personality presentations with dysfunctional interpersonal styles may include underlying maladaptive object relations, which serve as the mental templates for social interchange and interpersonal dynamics. The Rotter Incomplete Sentences Blank (RISB) is the most widely used sentence completion method and is often included in personality assessment batteries in evaluating an examinee’s level of adjustment and/or maladjustment. This study sought to develop …
Vaping, Smoking, Dual Use, And Stealth Vaping/Smoking Among First Responders: Law Enforcement, Firefighters, And Paramedics/Emergency Medical Technicians (Emt), Shifra Leah Gross
Vaping, Smoking, Dual Use, And Stealth Vaping/Smoking Among First Responders: Law Enforcement, Firefighters, And Paramedics/Emergency Medical Technicians (Emt), Shifra Leah Gross
Theses and Dissertations
First Responders to emergencies, such as those within the fields of law enforcement, firefighting, and/or emergency medical services, have a higher use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS)than the population in general due to the intense job-related stressors they often encounter as part of their work and the well documented relationship between stress and use of these products. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of First Responders who utilize ENDS and engage in stealth vaping, and the association between these behaviors and self-perceived level of job stress, health risk perceptions, and other factors. A total of …
Development Of A Correction For Defensiveness In The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Second Edition-Restructured Form (Mmpi-2-Rf) Profiles Of Adult Male Sex Offenders, Katie Marie Glauner
Development Of A Correction For Defensiveness In The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Second Edition-Restructured Form (Mmpi-2-Rf) Profiles Of Adult Male Sex Offenders, Katie Marie Glauner
Theses and Dissertations
Clinical and forensic psychologists often evaluate sex offenders to determine the level of risk they pose to the community and identify their treatment needs to reduce the risk of future recidivism. Personality assessments are administered in sex offender evaluations to aid in answering these referral questions, while also providing information regarding the evaluees’ response style to the test and descriptions of their personality functioning. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and its revisions have been the most widely used personality assessments in sex offender evaluations, with previous research demonstrating that sex offenders often respond defensively to the test by minimizing …
Medication Assisted Treatment: Examining Enrollment And Demographic Factors Of Treatment, Antwana Letoya Drayton
Medication Assisted Treatment: Examining Enrollment And Demographic Factors Of Treatment, Antwana Letoya Drayton
Theses and Dissertations
Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) has been a long-standing epidemic concern related to the continuous growth of variations of the substance and its’ potency. Due to the versatility of the substance to be both an illicit drug and also a prescription medication, the interest in controlling and monitoring its’ use creates a greater public health concern. Treatment overtime has been revitalized to directly address the social, biological, and physiological difficulties of patients with OUDs. Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) has been explored and has become one of the most widely used plans for treatment of Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) related to pain …
Adaptability As A Moderator On The Impact Of Childhood Sexual Abuse And The Development Of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Courtney Marie Kalmanson
Adaptability As A Moderator On The Impact Of Childhood Sexual Abuse And The Development Of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Courtney Marie Kalmanson
Theses and Dissertations
Globally, it is estimated that 11.8% children experience Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA) prior to the age of 18 (Stoltenborgh et al., 2011). However, the current prevalence rate of CSA is far underestimated due to the fear, shame, and denial that the victim experiences. Similarly, many survivors of CSA experience post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) following the experience of CSA, which may develop into post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) over time. Furthermore, some children may adjust well despite the traumatic experience, suggesting resiliency. Much of the research on CSA focuses on the link between CSA and development of psychopathology, including but not limited …
The Effects Of Reinforcer Absence And Availability Of Alternative Activity On Delay Of Gratification In Children With Autism, Hailey Rose Prechtel
The Effects Of Reinforcer Absence And Availability Of Alternative Activity On Delay Of Gratification In Children With Autism, Hailey Rose Prechtel
Theses and Dissertations
An increase in delay tolerance can help individuals obtain more preferred items, activities, and interactions. There are also many situations in a young child's daily life in which they cannot have immediate access to items, activities, or attention that they might be seeking. This can often lead to problem behavior and a longer time to wait for the desired item. Strategies that increase self-controlled responding may help individuals make choices and respond appropriately to receive a better outcome. This study examined the effects of self-control techniques such as removing an item, and interaction with an alternative activity on a child’s …
The Connection Between The Disconnects: Exploring Process Redesign To Reduce Human Error, Missy Carol Vergason
The Connection Between The Disconnects: Exploring Process Redesign To Reduce Human Error, Missy Carol Vergason
Theses and Dissertations
It has been said that organizations are only as effective as their processes. However, often times organizational behavior management (OBM) utilizes performance management to resolve issues as opposed to Behavioral Systems Analysis (BSA), which encompasses process redesign to ensure processes operate efficiently. Ultimately, to assist in long-term beneficial changes, process redesign could be helpful for allowing performers to have the resources to benefit from the enhanced process. However, little research has been done that assesses performance change with disconnects removed or with the addition of automation in a controlled laboratory setting. Thus, the current study examined the effects of a …
Effects Of Instructive Feedback On Gustatory Relations, Natàlia Arasa Bonavila
Effects Of Instructive Feedback On Gustatory Relations, Natàlia Arasa Bonavila
Theses and Dissertations
Differentiating tastes is important for safety reasons; being able to discriminate flavors could prevent an individual from eating unsafe items. The association of taste, color, and texture of different foods is important for safety reasons as it provides a base knowledge of safe foods. As some people with autism have problems communicating what they see, hear, touch, feel, or taste, the association of color, texture, and taste will promote healthy choices. Most of the research on tact acquisition has focused on visual stimuli. However, this study attempted to teach children to tact gustatory stimuli and evaluated the effects of instructive …
The Effects Of Training On Parent-Implemented Multiple Stimulus Preference Assessments Without Replacement, Marlene Hernandez Correa
The Effects Of Training On Parent-Implemented Multiple Stimulus Preference Assessments Without Replacement, Marlene Hernandez Correa
Theses and Dissertations
Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit restricted interests and communication deficits; hence, identifying potential reinforcers can be challenging. Using multiple stimulus without replacement (MSWO) preference assessments is a practical way for practitioners working with this population to identify potential reinforcers. Previous research has found that inexperienced staff can learn to implement preference assessments using enhanced instructions only (i.e., detailed written information, diagrams, and pictures) without needing feedback (Graff and Karsten, 2012b). However, researchers have yet to examine whether enhanced instructions alone impact other populations' repertoires, such as parents, similarly, or if this training is effective across cultures. Incorporating …
Comparing The Effects Of Noncontingent Reinforcement And Environmental Enrichment On Problem Behavior Maintained By Automatic Reinforcement, Mary Llinas
Theses and Dissertations
Environmental enrichment (EE) and noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) are common behavior analytic interventions used to decrease problem behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement. Both EE and NCR involve noncontingent access to preferred or competing stimuli, however, access to stimuli is intermittent (typically on a fixed-time [FT] schedule) in NCR, while in EE, the stimuli are continuously available. Despite the research on their effectiveness at reducing problem behavior, they have not been compared. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effectiveness of different schedules of reinforcement at decreasing automatically maintained problem behavior (stereotypy) and anxiety exhibited by two children with …
Implementation Of Behavior Skills Training Via Telehealth To Teach Pre-Session Pairing To Caregivers Of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Le-E Chin
Theses and Dissertations
This study aimed to extend the literature on training procedures used in telehealth and extend the literature on caregiver training. This study utilized a multiple-baseline design to implement behavior skills training to teach pre-session pairing skills to 2 parents/caregivers in Malaysia via telehealth. This study also examined the cultural social validity of pre-session pairing as a preventative procedure in therapeutic settings outside of the United States. Results demonstrated that behavior skills training with an additional component of specific performance feedback was effective to train participants up to mastery criteria. Social validity results indicated an increase in positive interactions between parent/caregiver …
Sales Call Anxiety, Employee Burnout, And The Moderating Effect Of Supervisor Support, Charles Blomstrom-Johnson
Sales Call Anxiety, Employee Burnout, And The Moderating Effect Of Supervisor Support, Charles Blomstrom-Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
Sales industries have traditionally experienced extreme levels of turnover, with certain sales industries’ turnover rate exceeding 80%. Sales Call Anxiety and burnout syndrome, specifically, emotional exhaustion, are two major conditions experienced by salespeople that can lead to not only increased turnover, but reduced job performance and job satisfaction as well. Despite a wealth of research on both conditions in isolation, the relationship between these constructs had not been previously examined. Based on the findings of prior literature, this study hypothesized that a direct relationship exists between the constructs. It also hypothesized that supervisor support received by salespeople will have a …
The Order Of Faking, Brett Lawson Wallace
The Order Of Faking, Brett Lawson Wallace
Theses and Dissertations
Prior research has yet to look at the impact of cognitive ability assessment’s position on applicant faking behavior. To fill in this gap in research, this study looked to examine the effect of placing cognitive ability assessments before and after personality and job-related questions. Interspersed among these questions, were items that assist in predicting faking behavior. One-hundred-seventy-two participants were recruited through Amazon Turk to fill out a pseudo-job application for a customer support manager position. The results of this study showed that applicants that received the cognitive assessment prior to the personality and job-related questions overall engaged in less faking …
Profiles And Culture: Multi-Level Latent Profiles Based On Personality Traits And Facets And Profile Influences On Performance Outcomes Across Cultures, Weiwei Liu
Theses and Dissertations
Personality research has traditionally adopted a variable-centric approach but recently more studies have adopted a person-centric approach. A person-centric approach can provide additional insights in that it explores for multiple unobserved subgroups within a population and examines the extent to which relationships may differ across subgroups. The current study adds to this growing area in four ways. First, studies have attempted to identify common personality profiles, but results have been inconsistent and very few studies have examined work-relevant samples. The current study addresses this issue based on a large sample that is diverse in terms of industries, occupations, and countries. …
Embedding Reinforcement In Choice Making During Free Play In Children With Asd, Julianne Isabella Fernandez
Embedding Reinforcement In Choice Making During Free Play In Children With Asd, Julianne Isabella Fernandez
Theses and Dissertations
The present study evaluated the effects of embedded reinforcement and satiation procedures on activity preferences in a small group setting of four children diagnosed with ASD. This study is a systematic replication of Hanley et al (2009) in which researchers used the same procedures to evaluate time allocation and activity preferences of neurotypical children in the classroom during free play. The goal of this study was to see if the results of the original study would generalize to children diagnosed with autism. Satiation procedures resulted in the slight increase of engagement in the highest preferred activity zone with some overlap …
Evaluating Matrix Training To Teach Children With Autism To Tact Private Events, Abbi Dell Lee
Evaluating Matrix Training To Teach Children With Autism To Tact Private Events, Abbi Dell Lee
Theses and Dissertations
The research on teaching tacts has primarily focus on visual stimuli, with relatively little attention to teaching tacts of nonvisual stimuli. The present study extended the literature to different types of tactile stimulation by teaching 2-component tacts of body-part sensation combinations in the presence of tactile stimulation. Multiple objects were used to produce the sensations to encourage generalization. Two additional exemplars for each sensation were probed for generalization to novel objects. The experimenters used matrix training, in which target responses were arranged in such a way as to facilitate recombinative generalization to untrained combinations. We arranged 6 body part targets …
Teaching Rule-Governed Behavior To Children With Autism, Alicia Mingione
Teaching Rule-Governed Behavior To Children With Autism, Alicia Mingione
Theses and Dissertations
This study aimed to teach rule-governed behavior to children with autism. Few studies have examined rule-governed behavior in children with autism. Of the few studies that exist, results have shown that using behavior-consequence rules produce quicker acquisition of learning than using antecedent-behavior rules. In the current study, participants were given two behavior-consequence rules, one resulting in the presentation of a preferred or nonpreferred consequence and the other resulting in avoidance of that consequence. The percentage of rules followed independently and correctly was measured. A constant prompt delay was implemented due to the lack of progress. However, some participants began exhibiting …
Teaching Individuals To Tact The Intensity Of Sensations, Sandhya Rajagopal
Teaching Individuals To Tact The Intensity Of Sensations, Sandhya Rajagopal
Theses and Dissertations
Healthcare professionals frequently ask individuals to use numerical rating scales to rate their pain intensity; therefore, reporting the intensity of private sensations is an important skill. Yet individuals with autism often have difficulty reporting sensations. Using a multiple baseline design across stimulus sets in the pilot experiment and Experiment 1, a multiple probe design across participants in Experiment 2, and a multiple probe design across stimulus sets in Experiment 3, the present study investigated a method of teaching typically developing adults and children and one child with autism to report the intensity of tactile sensations rough, tight, heavy, and temperature. …
The Effects Of A Process Analysis Diagnostic Tool On The Accuracy Of Identifying Process Level Disconnects, Vincent Alexander Bello
The Effects Of A Process Analysis Diagnostic Tool On The Accuracy Of Identifying Process Level Disconnects, Vincent Alexander Bello
Theses and Dissertations
Research in the area of Organizational Behavior management (OBM) has demonstrated the effectiveness of behavior analytic interventions on performance in workplace settings. Despite the utility of these procedures, functional assessments used to identify variables maintaining performance deficits have been underutilized and underreported in the OBM literature. Research on functional assessment has been particularly scarce in the area of behavioral systems analysis (BSA), a subfield of OBM that focuses on changing organizational performance through the individual, process, and organizational levels. Without empirical validation of preintervention assessment in BSA, it is unclear to what extent these assessments contribute to the effectiveness of …
Building Resilient Teams: Compositional And Compilational Approaches, Regina Agassian
Building Resilient Teams: Compositional And Compilational Approaches, Regina Agassian
Theses and Dissertations
Recent events surrounding the pandemic that started in 2020 have placed a premium on team resilience in the workplace. This thesis integrates team resilience and team composition research. Collective self-concept, need for closure, propensity to trust, and decision-making style are hypothesized to predict different facets of team resilience: minimizing, managing, and mending strategies (Alliger et al., 2015). These relationships are approached through the lens of team composition and appropriate operationalizations of team-level aggregation are explored to determine which team composition models are appropriate for predicting relationships between specific individual attributes and team resilience. Archival data from an experimental study was …
Increasing Transgender-Inclusive Behaviors Via Self-Monitoring, Abigail Kaylyn Petronelli
Increasing Transgender-Inclusive Behaviors Via Self-Monitoring, Abigail Kaylyn Petronelli
Theses and Dissertations
Within behavior analysis there is an increasing demand for research to create inclusive organizational cultures. To create a culture of inclusion, it is necessary to engage in inclusive behaviors towards individuals of varying race, gender, and sexual orientation. Despite the rising social demand and call for diversity in research, there are still few studies which apply an intervention to improve inclusive behaviors. One target of inclusive behaviors is proper pronoun use towards individuals who are transgender or gender non-conforming (TGNC). To date, there is only one published article regarding TGNC topics, which explored a TGNC-inclusive tool (Leland & Stockwell, 2019). …