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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™

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Psychology

Cleveland State University

2011

Articles 1 - 15 of 15

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Exploring The Developmental Potential Of Leader-Follower Interactions: A Constructive-Developmental Approach, Sorin Valcea, Maria R. Hamdani, M. R. Buckley, Milorad M. Novicevic Aug 2011

Exploring The Developmental Potential Of Leader-Follower Interactions: A Constructive-Developmental Approach, Sorin Valcea, Maria R. Hamdani, M. R. Buckley, Milorad M. Novicevic

Business Faculty Publications

Researchers in leadership have long recognized the important role of leaders in developing the competencies of followers.More recently, however, scholars have begun to emphasize the pivotal role of followers in the development of leaders.We use constructive developmental theory (e.g., Kegan, 1982; Loevinger & Blasi, 1976) to suggest that both leaders and followers influence the development of the meaningmaking systems of their counterparts in leader–follower dyads. We argue that a combination of challenge – in the formof delegation, participation, and feedback – and support – in the form of positive leader–follower relationships – works to promote the development ofmore complex meaningmaking …

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A Rat Model Of Sleep Deprivation Prior To Traumatic Brain Injury, Steve G. Soehnlen Jan 2011

A Rat Model Of Sleep Deprivation Prior To Traumatic Brain Injury, Steve G. Soehnlen

ETD Archive

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) has been called the "signature injury" of U.S. soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan. Soldiers undergo a variety of stressors during their tours of duty that could complicate recovery from TBI, one of which is sleep deprivation (SD). In this study, we sought to create a rat model exploring the effects of prior REM sleep deprivation (RSD) on recovery from TBI-induced sensorimotor and cognitive deficits. Rats were deprived of REM sleep before they underwent a controlled cortical impact (CCI) to mimic a TBI. Forelimb sensorimotor function, hindlimb motor function, forelimb motor function, and spatial learning were assessed …

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Cross Product Generalizability Of Shopping Site Judgments, Steven G. Given Jan 2011

Cross Product Generalizability Of Shopping Site Judgments, Steven G. Given

ETD Archive

The purpose of this study was to examine the generalizability of attribute performance and attribute importance ratings across product classes. Data were collected, with the use of an online survey, from 313 respondents of which 287 were U.S. college students and 26 were close acquaintances of the research team. Seventy-four percent of respondents were male, all respondents had at least four years of internet use experience, and 44 claim to make at least one online shopping purchase per month. Twenty-six web site attributes were selected from the Variegated Inventory of Site Attributes (VISA) (Blake, Hamilton, Neuendorf & Murcko, 2010) to …

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The Effect Of Priming A Thin Ideal On The Subsequent Perception Of Conceptually Related Body Image Words, Conor T. Mclennan Jan 2011

The Effect Of Priming A Thin Ideal On The Subsequent Perception Of Conceptually Related Body Image Words, Conor T. Mclennan

Psychology Faculty Publications

Our research examined the effects of thin ideal priming on the perception of body image words in participants without an eating disorder. Half of the participants were primed by viewing thin models, and half were primed with gender-neutral shoes. Subsequently, all participants (N=56) completed a Stroop task for three categories of words: neutral (BOOKS), shoe (CLOGS), and body (THIGHS). Lastly, all participants completed a body dissatisfaction questionnaire. We predicted that body dissatisfaction scores would be correlated with the Stroop effect. We found a significant correlation between body dissatisfaction and the body effect of slower color naming times for the body …

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The Efficacy Of Hippocampal Stimulation In Preventing Depressive Symptoms, Timothy B. Patrick Jan 2011

The Efficacy Of Hippocampal Stimulation In Preventing Depressive Symptoms, Timothy B. Patrick

ETD Archive

The hippocampus provides negative feedback for the Hypothalamic-Pituitary- Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is responsible for producing a response to stressful stimuli. The hippocampus is sensitive to high levels of glucocorticoids (GCs), because of its large number of GC receptors. In times of severe stress, hippocampal function is inhibited and its control over the HPA axis is diminished, leading to hyperactivity of the adrenal glands as well as hypercortisolism, typical of depression. Long-term stress and depression can eventually lead to chronic impairments in cognitive ability, as well as structural damage in the hippocampus. Exercise and environmental enrichment stimulate significant …

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Preservice Teacher Awareness Of Risk Factors For Student Suicide, Stacey Heitkamp Jan 2011

Preservice Teacher Awareness Of Risk Factors For Student Suicide, Stacey Heitkamp

ETD Archive

Suicide is the third leading cause of death among adolescents in the United States. Given this, it is imperative that those who have regular contact with members of the youth population be able to recognize and identify those youth who are at risk for suicide. Part of the process of identifying suicidal adolescents requires having knowledge about adolescent suicide and about those factors that place certain adolescents at greater risk for completing suicide than others. One group of professionals who are in an optimal position to detect at-risk youth is schoolteachers. Fifty-four undergraduate students who were studying to obtain teaching …

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Examining Whether Social Factors Affect Listeners Sensitivity To Talker-Specific Information During Their Online Perception Of Spoken Words, Jessica L. Newell Jan 2011

Examining Whether Social Factors Affect Listeners Sensitivity To Talker-Specific Information During Their Online Perception Of Spoken Words, Jessica L. Newell

ETD Archive

McLennan and Luce (2005) found no significant cost associated with changing which talker produced a particular word from the first block of trials to the second (no talker effects) when participants responded relatively quickly (easy lexical decision), and that talker effects emerged when participants responded relatively slowly (hard lexical decision). In a lexical decision task, participants hear words and nonwords and reaction times to correct responses are measured. In the current study, we examined whether social factors would lead to talker effects in an easy lexical decision task. In Experiment 1, participants were told that they have a chance to …

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Examining The Effects Of Variation In Emotional Tone Of Voice On Spoken Word Recognition, Maura L. Wilson Jan 2011

Examining The Effects Of Variation In Emotional Tone Of Voice On Spoken Word Recognition, Maura L. Wilson

ETD Archive

Despite the importance of emotional tone of voice for optimal verbal communication, how emotional speech is processed and its effects on spoken word recognition have yet to be fully understood. The current study addressed these gaps in the literature by examining the effects of intra-talker variability in emotional tone of voice on listeners' ability to recognize spoken words. Two lexical decision experiments, varying in task difficulty, were implemented to analyze participants' percent correct (PC) and reaction times (RTs). Previous research on spoken word recognition using this paradigm has found performance costs resulting from stimuli that mismatch on specific information (e.g., …

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The Poreh Nonverbal Memory Test, Chelsea Kalynn Kociuba Jan 2011

The Poreh Nonverbal Memory Test, Chelsea Kalynn Kociuba

ETD Archive

Nonverbal memory focuses on the remembrance of information that cannot be described or put into a verbal component, such as remembering a person's face, identifying abstract stimuli, or remembering objects. Because nonverbal memory focuses on the remembrance of things that cannot be put into words it is a difficult construct to measure accurately. One area that is of great importance in the assessment of nonverbal abilities is spatial memory (Reynolds & Coress, 2007, Foster, Drago, & Harrison, 2009). Most of the tasks that have been developed to assess this construct employ verbally mediated clues allowing the examinee to compensate for …

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Treatment Of Co-Morbid Chronic Pain And Substance Use Disorders, Lisa Ellison Jan 2011

Treatment Of Co-Morbid Chronic Pain And Substance Use Disorders, Lisa Ellison

ETD Archive

Chronic pain affects approximately 15 of the adult population with substance use disorders (SUDS) estimated to co-occur in 15 to 28 of the chronic pain population. When these two disorders co-occur, there can be multiple implications for the affected individuals as well as numerous complications for treatment. This study examined the outcomes and program completion rates of two groups of chronic pain SUDS patients who had followed different treatment paths after their admission to the Cleveland Clinic's Chronic pain rehabilitation program (CC-CPRP). Prior to June of 2009, pre-identified chronic pain SUDS patients were advised to complete a separate chemical dependency …

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The Impact Of Stress On Pain And Daily Living In Fibromyalgia, Meredith Brooke Wessner Jan 2011

The Impact Of Stress On Pain And Daily Living In Fibromyalgia, Meredith Brooke Wessner

ETD Archive

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a condition that is characterized by widespread pain, which occurs in about 2 of the population, and impacts more women than men. This study sought to: 1) determine if stress, pain intensity, and the interference of pain in daily living predict if FM patients are likely to complete the pain rehabilitation program 2) Explore the interrelationship between stress, pain intensity, gender, and the interference of pain in daily living at admission and discharge. This study examined 142 FM patients admitted to the Cleveland Clinic Chronic Pain Rehabilitation Program (CPRP) from January 2007-August 2010 (84.5 female). Logistic regression …

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Perceived Difficulty In A Fitts Task, Suzanne M. Grilli Jan 2011

Perceived Difficulty In A Fitts Task, Suzanne M. Grilli

ETD Archive

This study provided a detailed investigation of perceived difficulty (PD) in a Fitts task. The Fitts task has been used to study Fitts's law, which shows that movement time (MT) is related to the information constraints of the movement (Fitts's Index of Difficulty, ID) such that there is a positive, linear relationship between MT and ID and MTs are similar when the scale of the movement requirements vary but ID is equal (scale invariance). According to Fitts's law, Fitts's ID provides an index of objective difficulty does Fitts's ID also provide an index of subjective difficulty? The main goal of …

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Perspective Taking In Dyadic Interactions: Influences Of Cooperation And Competition On Third Person Representation Of Movement, Michael H. Summers Jan 2011

Perspective Taking In Dyadic Interactions: Influences Of Cooperation And Competition On Third Person Representation Of Movement, Michael H. Summers

ETD Archive

Similar processes between a third person representation and a first person representation may be at work in understanding the limitations of another. These processes may lead to errors in estimating the abilities of another by anchoring those estimates to one's own abilities. A study designed to test how interactive conditions may mediate these processes. It was hypothesized that, due to an increase in interdependence, an individual would show a higher degree of difference between his or her own abilities and those of another when cooperating, compared to non-interactive conditions. It was also hypothesized that competition, due in part to a …

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The Impact Of Motivational Systems On Dynamic Inconsistency In Risk Taking, Alexander E. Dorf Jan 2011

The Impact Of Motivational Systems On Dynamic Inconsistency In Risk Taking, Alexander E. Dorf

ETD Archive

Every day we are confronted with risky decisions in which the rewards and the punishments are not always clear. We like to believe that logic is the primary force behind our decisions, but in reality, emotion plays a very important role. This study examines the impact of participants' Behavioral Activation System (BAS) and Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) on dynamic inconsistencies in a sequential gambling task. Contrary to the hypotheses, neither system predicted deviations following a win or and a loss. However, participants high in BAS were more likely to make negative deviations

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Change Detection Ability In Naturalistic Scenes: Are Object Appearances Or Disappearances Easier To Detect When Disappearances Should Be More Noticeable?, Maria J. Donaldson Jan 2011

Change Detection Ability In Naturalistic Scenes: Are Object Appearances Or Disappearances Easier To Detect When Disappearances Should Be More Noticeable?, Maria J. Donaldson

ETD Archive

Onset primacy is a robust phenomenon in which appearance of new objects in a scene effectively captures observers' attention. The present study explored conditions under which object offsets may also capture observers' attention. We hypothesized that our visual attentional system is programmed by default to look for onsets of new objects. However, our attentional priority may be able to flexibly adapt to the detection of object offsets depending on what types of visual event better fulfills observers' behavioral goals. To test this hypothesis, an experiment was conducted in which participants were biased toward finding offset of an existing object. Results …

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