Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Keep The Faith Not The Guilt: Demonization Of Sex Workers, Jessica Hodges

Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal

Previous research shows that religiosity and attitudes about sexual topics are strongly correlated and typically negative. That is, as religiosity increases, views toward sexual topics tend to become more conservative or generally more negative in valence. However, current research also suggests that one’s sexual guilt may be the mediating influence in the relationship between religiosity and negative sexual attitudes. The present study seeks to replicate and extend research that examined the extent to which an individual's religiosity and sexual guilt influence their perspective of pornography and sex workers (Study 1). To replicate this (Study 2), a survey containing relevant measures …

Political Attitudes Of The Young Electorate In The 2016 Presidential Election And Parental Influences On Political Identity Formation., Mary C. Meyer, Svetlana Chesser, Sally B. Swanson, Sean Forbes

Modern Psychological Studies

We examined the political attitudes of college-aged students and the political identities of their parents to better understand the role that both parent-child political socialization and the liberal university environment play in political identity formation. We compared students explicit and implicit political attitudes and examined the relationships of these attitudes to the political identities of their parents. We also explored the uniqueness of two candidates, Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump in the 2016 Presidential election. Our results supported the existing notion of parental influences on political identity formation and revealed that the university environment may not play as large of …

Sexual Victimization Experience Predicting Empathy With An Unspecified Or Date Rape Victim, Gina Santoriello, Suzanne L. Osman

Modern Psychological Studies

The purpose of this study was to examine empathy with a rape victim in two experimental conditions (date rape; unspecified rape) based on personal sexual victimization experience (nonvictim; date victim; nondate victim). Undergraduate women (n = 212) completed the Sexual Experiences Survey (Koss, Gidycz, & Wisniewski, 1987), and one of two versions of the Rape Victim Empathy Scale (Smith & Frieze, 2003). Results showed that all victims reported greater empathy than nonvictims, and a potential interaction (p < .10); date victims tended to report greater empathy with a date rape victim than an unspecified rape victim, but nondate victims tended to report greater empathy with an unspecified rape victim than a date rape victim. Similarity in experience may influence empathy.

Child Outcomes Of Having A Parent With An Aud, Faith A. Shank, Kirsten Petrarca, Carolyn Barry

Modern Psychological Studies

Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) affects not only the diagnosed individuals, but also those around them. This review explores how an AUD can affect parenting styles and, in turn, children’s development in four main areas of development (physical health, academic abilities, social development, and mental health). Generally, parents with an AUD negatively impact the child’s development (weight issues, poor academic skills, and aggressiveness). Existing limitations of the literature and future research directions are discussed, such as the use of cross-sectional studies and need for more clinical and longitudinal studies. Also, research on this topic extensively covers the situations of children within …

The Effects Of Music Therapy On Individuals Suffering From Psychiatric Disorders: A Literature Review And Look Into Future Prospects, Zachary J. Krauss

Musical Offerings

Music therapy is a field of psychology and psychotherapy that exists under the broad field of study known as expressive arts therapy. This form of therapy is experiential in nature, and it gives participants vehicles through which they can tell their stories and share their emotions while actively exploring their thoughts. Music therapy has proven to be an effective treatment for a myriad of psychological disorders, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, PTSD, and schizophrenia. In order to grant a base level of understanding, research was conducted examining the methods and approaches used in music therapy, along with the psychological and …

An Interprofessional Collaborative Approach To The Development Of A Content Valid Interview Questionnaire For Persons With Hearing Loss And Their Communication Partners, Nancy A. Delich, Stephen D. Roberts

JADARA

An assessment instrument needs to be valid in order for data to be accurately interpreted and applied. Currently, few rigorous content evaluations have been conducted on hearing-related questionnaires. This study describes a multiphase approach for obtaining content validity evidence in the development of a questionnaire that explores quality of life for persons with hearing loss and their communication partners. A panel of 15 interprofessional experts evaluated 41 questionnaire items for content relevance and content clarity. Findings revealed an overall scale of .99 for content relevance and .85 for content clarity, indicating high content validity for the revised 40-item questionnaire.

Taking Multiple Regression Analysis To Task: A Review Of Mindware: Tools For Smart Thinking, By Richard Nisbett (2015), Jason Makansi

Numeracy

Richard Nisbett. 2015. Mindware: Tools for Smart Thinking.(New York, NY: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux). 336 pp. ISBN: 9780374536244

Nisbett, a psychologist, may not achieve his stated goal of teaching readers to “effortlessly” extend their common sense when it comes to quantitative analysis applied to everyday issues, but his critique of multiple regression analysis (MRA) in the middle chapters of Mindware is worth attention from, and contemplation by, the QL/QR and Numeracy community. While in at least one other source, Nisbett’s critique has been called a “crusade” against MRA, what he really advocates is that it not be used as …

Decisions, Decisions: Review Of Mindware: Tools For Smart Thinking By Richard E. Nisbett, Anne Kelly

Numeracy

Richard Nisbett. 2015. Mindware: Tools for Smart Thinking. (New York, NY: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux). 336 pp. ISBN: 9780374536244.

Social psychologist Richard E. Nisbett provides help in identifying and overcoming faulty cognitive strategies and replacing them with more accurate heuristics. To do so, Nisbett draws from statistics, correlation, experiments, differences in Western and Eastern thought, and, especially, social influence.

"A Bias Steam-Ironed Into Women's Lives": A Conversation With Author Phyllis Chesler About Women And Madness, 47 Years After Publication, Jody Raphael

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

A conversation with Phyllis Chesler about Women and Madness, 47 years after publication, conducted by Jody Raphael. Chesler discusses her motive for writing Women and Madness and its early reception. She reflects on changes and lack of changes in views and treatment of women by society and the mental health system in the years since its publication. Her feminist analysis now includes Islamic fundamentalism, prostitution, and surrogacy, which are not always politically correct views among feminists today.

Effects Of Age And Gender On Spatial Navigation: Evidence From Samoan Primary School Children, Jacqueline Moses, Jessica Kubert

Modern Psychological Studies

This study examined the effects of age and gender on spatial navigation ability. Samoan Primary School students (N = 40) aged 7-12 years were tested on performance of a Size Test and a Corsi Test, followed by a Spatial Navigation Test. It was hypothesized that older children would perform better at all tasks, especially the Spatial Navigation Test. It was further hypothesized that males would perform better than females at the Spatial Navigation Test and that males would employ more detailed strategies in traversing the spatial navigation space. Lastly, it was hypothesized that increased performance on the Size and Corsi …

A Comparison Of Resiliency In Adult Children Of Alcoholics Versus Adult Children Of Non-Alcoholics, Skylar Redlin, Jamie Borchardt

Modern Psychological Studies

Alcoholism is a common occurrence. According to the National Association for Children of Alcoholics (1998), there are approximately 76 million Americans who have had a family member with an alcohol problem. Adult children of alcoholics (ACoAs) were studied to compare the differences between resiliency scores with adult children of non-alcoholics (NACoAs). We found that p = .022, indicating there was a significant difference among ACoAs and NACoAs. We found that NCoAs had a higher resiliency score than NACoAs. We also looked at differences in resiliency scores among the ACoAs who had a same gendered alcoholic parent and an opposite gendered …

In Search Of Themes – Keys To Teaching Qualitative Analysis In Higher Education, Petra K. Boström

The Qualitative Report

Teaching research methods in psychology involves communicating a number of methods stemming from diverse philosophical traditions. The process of searching for themes is a central part of various qualitative methods of analysis and involves the transformation of coded raw data into a thematic structure. This process has often been briefly described which can create a problem for students who encounter qualitative analysis for the first time. The aim of the present paper is to explore how the process of transforming codes into a thematic structure can be described and communicated through higher education teaching. Literature on research methods and related …

Raped-Related Beliefs And Social Reactions, Tara Pursley

Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal

Many agree that sexual violence is a pervasive problem, but there is less agreement regarding how to classify and define various experiences of rape. Research has demonstrated that the beliefs one holds about rape are the strongest indicator for how both victims and non-victims of sexual assault perceive and classify unwanted sexual experiences. What is less understood is the way that this perception influences how non-victims respond to a victim’s disclosure of sexual assault. The current study sought to fill this gap. Participants included 119 female college students (M_age = 19.23, SD = 1.98; 81% White). Results revealed that …

The Political Psychology Of Crossroads, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article elaborates on how the construct of crossroads has situated within political psychological discourse.

Answers To Questions - Martin Wieser’S “Psychology In National Socialism [Psychologie Im Nationalsozialismus] At Sigmund Freud Private University Berlin, July 27–28, 2018”, Martin Wieser, Richard W. Bloom

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This Scholarly Commons record provides the transcript of the interview IBPP editor Dr. Richard Bloom conducted with Dr. Martin Wieser of Sigmund Freud Private University Berlin on March 2, 2019.

With the publication of Dr. Wieser’s “Psychology in National Socialism [Psychologie im Nationalsozialismus] at Sigmund Freud Private University Berlin, July 27–28, 2018” in History of Psychology, 22(1), 107-109., the IBPP Editor requested that the author provide responses to questions…and Dr. Wieser graciously accepted.

A Brief Report: Interpersonal Violence Exposure And Violence Myth Acceptance In The Ohio Deaf Community, Stefanie J. Day, Kelsey A. Cappetta, Melissa L. Anderson

JADARA

Interpersonal violence is a leading cause of death and pervasive public health issue in the US. Although some research suggests that Deaf people experience disparities in interpersonal violence exposure compared to the general population, most prior research has been conducted using written English survey measures or in areas where exceptionally high levels of educational attainment failed to mirror the characteristics of the Deaf community at large. To address these limitations, the current secondary analysis leveraged data collected via an American Sign Language survey instrument to compare rates of interpersonal violence exposure and violence myth acceptance between Deaf (n = …

Prevalence Of Psychopathology Among Syrian Refugees And Future Outlook, Ahmad Hassan, Wassim Hassan, Ismail El Hailouch

Modern Psychological Studies

Nearly one millions Syrian refugees registered by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) currently reside in Lebanon, making it the country hosting the highest number of Syrian refugees in the Middle Eastern region (ILO Employment Profile, 2014). While there are geographical differences in the levels of security, access to medical aid and relief, and socio-economic conditions that the refugees experience depending on where they settle, the vast majority of Syrian refugees are living in tragic conditions. The population of Lebanon has increased by around 25% since the advent of the Syrian civil war in March of 2011, putting …