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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Racial Disparity In Educational Punishment, Elizabeth R. Wirtz
Racial Disparity In Educational Punishment, Elizabeth R. Wirtz
Modern Psychological Studies
There is a growing epidemic of children of color being disproportionately and inappropriately disciplined due to recommendations for exclusionary educational discipline practices such as suspension and expulsion. Throughout the literature, SES, level of ability, gender, and skin color were essential factors in evaluating students’ suspension risk. The most salient of these factors is race. Implicit bias towards darker-skinned students is the main factor for the discipline gap. This literature review explores the causes and rates that middle school and high school students of color are disproportionately recommended for suspension and expulsion and the consequences of racially discriminatory discipline practices. Exclusionary …
Age Differences With Presentation On Social Media, Sabrina N. Wiesbrock
Age Differences With Presentation On Social Media, Sabrina N. Wiesbrock
Modern Psychological Studies
This study investigated younger, middle-aged, and older participants’ self-esteem, self-expression, and comfort and regrets with self-expression on social media. It was hypothesized that older adult social media users would show different patterns and relationships in their use and self-expression. Participants included 214 younger- (52%), 135 middle-aged adults (33%), and 61 older-adults (15%). Self-esteem and regrets on social media were both related to comfort with self-expression on social media among older adults. In contrast, self-expression and comfort with self-expression on social media were related for younger- and middle-aged adults, but not older participants. Findings suggest that social media plays a unique …
Why Is The Followers-To-Following Ratio So Important?, Cody E. Harrell, Scott King
Why Is The Followers-To-Following Ratio So Important?, Cody E. Harrell, Scott King
Modern Psychological Studies
The impact of social media exposure on various aspects of users’ personality and mental health has become a popular topic for psychological research over the past ten years. Instagram provides users with numbers indicating how many accounts they follow and how many accounts follow them. This ratio carries social status, in that someone with more followers than people they follow could be viewed as a more popular user. The current study explores the relationship between Instagram use, user popularity, the Big 5 personality traits, self-esteem, histrionic tendencies, and narcissistic tendencies in a sample of 125 undergraduates. We hypothesized that users …
Writing Fiction; A Phenomenological Study Of The Creative Writing Experience Of Fiction Writers, Konstantinos Mavrakakis, Abigail Chipman
Writing Fiction; A Phenomenological Study Of The Creative Writing Experience Of Fiction Writers, Konstantinos Mavrakakis, Abigail Chipman
Modern Psychological Studies
While the focus of previous psychological research on artistic creativity has been mainly cognitive, the phenomenology of creativity has been largely neglected. This research aimed to address this gap, exploring how fiction writers experience the creative writing process. Two semi-structured interviews were carried out with published fiction writers. A thematic analysis of these interviews was conducted in order to explore how writers experience the creative writing process. The three common emergent themes that were selected for analysis were firstly, finding your voice, secondly, living between two worlds, and thirdly, facing the challenges of writing. This study generated insight into the …
The Five-Factor Model Of Personality And Problematic Smartphone Use, Alexander K. Knack, Colin R. Harbke
The Five-Factor Model Of Personality And Problematic Smartphone Use, Alexander K. Knack, Colin R. Harbke
Modern Psychological Studies
Thirteen studies were reviewed to better understand how smartphone ownership and use relate to the five factors of personality (i.e., openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism) overall and across three different age groups. Of the 10 studies used to compare problematic smartphone use across age groups, 2 (20%) included adolescent samples, 7 (70%) included young adult samples, and 3 (30%) included adult to older adult samples. Across all samples, problematic smartphone use correlated most strongly with neuroticism (positively) and conscientiousness (negatively). Relatively weaker and more inconsistent correlations with problematic smartphone use were found for openness, extraversion, and agreeableness. Future research should …
The Effect Of Race Of The Perpetrator And Misinformation On Eyewitness Accuracy And Confidence, Rachel A. Wilson, Tammy L. Sonnentag
The Effect Of Race Of The Perpetrator And Misinformation On Eyewitness Accuracy And Confidence, Rachel A. Wilson, Tammy L. Sonnentag
Modern Psychological Studies
Eyewitnesses are an important component of criminal justice protocol; however, if inaccurate, there are grave consequences. The prevalent use of eyewitness accounts, despite the limits and fallibility of human memory demonstrate the need for research on factors affecting credible eyewitness accounts. The current study examines how the introduction of misinformation affects eyewitness accuracy and confidence when the race/ethnicity of the perpetrator is different from, compared to when the race of the perpetrator is the same as, the race/ethnicity of the eyewitness. A total of 69 White/European participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions where they read a University-Issued …
The Effect Of Self-Regulation On Academic Success Among College Students With Traumatic Life Events, Samantha Long-Mitchell, Aris Karagiorgakis
The Effect Of Self-Regulation On Academic Success Among College Students With Traumatic Life Events, Samantha Long-Mitchell, Aris Karagiorgakis
Modern Psychological Studies
The current study investigated the relationship between traumatic life events, academic performance, and self-regulation to predict why some students persevere in college. Students with more trauma were hypothesized to have lower GPAs, high self-regulators would have higher GPAs, and self-regulation would moderate the relationship between traumatic life events and GPA. There was no significant correlation between traumatic life events and GPA (N = 59). High self-regulators had marginally significant higher GPAs, but self-regulation was not found to moderate the relationship between traumatic life events and GPA. The implications of these findings advance our understanding of the critical variables that may …
The Effects Of Major Depressive Disorder On Cognition And The Brain, Ashlee Stewart, Lauren L. Harburger
The Effects Of Major Depressive Disorder On Cognition And The Brain, Ashlee Stewart, Lauren L. Harburger
Modern Psychological Studies
Major depressive disorder is commonly known for its prevalence and impairing effects on the brain and behavior. One such effect is a decrease in processing speed, which leads to slower response times and an increased difficulty performing tasks that require careful attention. Impairments in spatial ability have also been reported in depressed subjects, which may be linked to impairments in executive functioning. GABA is a neurotransmitter that has been shown to play a role in the symptoms of depression. This review will examine the effects of depression on cognitive functioning and the brain, and will suggest that future research examine …
Anorexia Nervosa And The Family: A Look At Well-Siblings, Parents, And Family Dynamics Through A Family Systems Perspective, Martha Avila-Zavala
Anorexia Nervosa And The Family: A Look At Well-Siblings, Parents, And Family Dynamics Through A Family Systems Perspective, Martha Avila-Zavala
Modern Psychological Studies
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is one of the main, and one of the most common types of eating disorders among adolescent individuals, especially females. It is characterized by limited eating, increased amounts of physical activity, low self-esteem, and extreme criticism of oneself and one’s body. An individual diagnosed with AN is greatly physically, mentally, and emotionally affected by it. However, an AN diagnosis also has a significant impact on the whole family. In recent years, the family has been incorporated into the treatment of an individual diagnosed with AN, which has shown to be effective in the recovery process and in …
Hiv-Related Stigma: A Negative & Intersecting Life Experience, Taylor Beckwith
Hiv-Related Stigma: A Negative & Intersecting Life Experience, Taylor Beckwith
Modern Psychological Studies
In 2016, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affected over 1.1 million people in the United States. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) medications have allowed HIV-positive individuals to live longer lives, but this has meant greater exposure to HIV-related stigma. This literature review examines how HIV exists as a chronic disease and how HIV-related stigma contributes to a negative life experience. The concept of intersectionality is used to analyze the overlapping identities of (a) gay, bisexual men, (b) women, (c) and youth and adolescents. Even though individuals may be managing their diagnosis, added stress, stigma, and maladaptive coping mechanisms can lead to negative health …
Precursors And Outcomes: A Look At Mental Health In Relation To Homelessness, Mercedes Pinillo
Precursors And Outcomes: A Look At Mental Health In Relation To Homelessness, Mercedes Pinillo
Modern Psychological Studies
The homeless epidemic has reached new heights with over half a million individuals reporting experiencing homelessness in the past year alone. Mental health problems such as bipolar/mood disorders, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been found as predictors of homelessness. Mental health problems such as fear, anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideations have been identified as outcomes of experiencing homelessness. Treatment options follow either the housing-first or treatment-first model. Housing-first treatments yield better and longer-lasting results of housing stability and improved mental health than treatment-first services. A lack of proper funding and mental health problems were found to be barriers …
Adaptive Decision-Making As A Mediator Between Self-Complexity And Stress, Jeremy L. Foust, Stephanie B. Richman
Adaptive Decision-Making As A Mediator Between Self-Complexity And Stress, Jeremy L. Foust, Stephanie B. Richman
Modern Psychological Studies
Abstract Empirical studies have indicated a relationship between self-complexity and stress, such that greater self-complexity is associated with reduced stress. In addition, previous research has suggested that greater self-complexity allows for more advantageous decisions. Finally, previous studies have demonstrated a bidirectional relationship between adaptive decision-making and stress, such that increased stress is associated with a decreased ability to make adaptive decisions, which, in turn, increases future stress. However, no research to date has examined the mechanism behind these relationships. We hypothesized that greater self-complexity would lead to less stress and this relationship would be mediated by increased adaptive decision-making. Fifty-six …
Emotion In Motion: Investigating The Relationship Between Interpersonal Motor Coordination And Emotional States, Margaret D. Hall, Veronica Romero
Emotion In Motion: Investigating The Relationship Between Interpersonal Motor Coordination And Emotional States, Margaret D. Hall, Veronica Romero
Modern Psychological Studies
The present study investigated the relationship between a person’s emotional state and interpersonal coordination. Researchers primed fifty-one participants to either be angry or happy through a writing prompt. Participants did an arm curl activity while watching a video-taped confederate doing arm curls at a set pace with a congruent or incongruent emotion. The participants were told that this video was a projected live stream. Finally, participants completed measures of post-activity emotions and rapport with and likeability toward the confederate. Our experimental design included an independent samples t-tests to examine the effect of congruency on interpersonal coordination, post-activities, and rapport with …
The Relationship Between Homonegativity, Sexual Harassment Myth Acceptance, Harasser And Target Sex, And Perceptions Of Sexual Harassment, Emily J. Ready, Hannah S. Bologna, Leilani B. Goodmon, Patrick Smith
The Relationship Between Homonegativity, Sexual Harassment Myth Acceptance, Harasser And Target Sex, And Perceptions Of Sexual Harassment, Emily J. Ready, Hannah S. Bologna, Leilani B. Goodmon, Patrick Smith
Modern Psychological Studies
The current purpose was to determine the relationship between participant homonegativity, sexual harassment myth acceptance, and perceptions of sexual harassment where the gender of the target and harasser varied. Contrary to the hypothesis, higher and lower homonegativity participants did not differ in their perceptions of harassment severity, realism, or consequence and higher homonegativity participants did not report any differences in perceptions between the different-sex and same-sex scenarios. However as hypothesized, participant homonegativity was positively correlated with sexual harassment myth acceptance. Interestingly, participants higher in homonegativity or sexual harassment myth acceptance were more likely to rate the harassment as less severe …
The Impact Of An Attorney’S Speaking Fluency When Delivering An Opening Statement On Juror Decisions, Truley A. Juneau, Paige E. Northern, Sarah "Uma" Tauber
The Impact Of An Attorney’S Speaking Fluency When Delivering An Opening Statement On Juror Decisions, Truley A. Juneau, Paige E. Northern, Sarah "Uma" Tauber
Modern Psychological Studies
A wealth of research has focused on factors that impact jurors’ decisions based on the information made available to them in court. However, in no prior research has the impact of how well an attorney delivers an opening statement been isolated to evaluate its direct impact on jurors’ decisions. To explore this issue, students were randomly assigned to read a fluent or disfluent version of an opening statement. The fluency of the attorney’s opening statement did not impact liability ratings or ratings of the likelihood of hiring the defendant. By contrast, the fluency of the attorney’s opening statement significantly influenced …
Hidden Links: Trait Anxiety And The Hostile Attribution Bias, Sarah Gracia, Ashley A. Hansen-Brown
Hidden Links: Trait Anxiety And The Hostile Attribution Bias, Sarah Gracia, Ashley A. Hansen-Brown
Modern Psychological Studies
The hostile attribution bias (HAB) is a tendency to interpret malevolent intentions when confronted by ambiguous actions of others. This project examines the relationship between HAB and trait anxiety and whether a metacognitive manipulation reduces HAB. In Study 1, our results showed that trait anxiety and HAB had a positive correlation using both methods of detecting hostility, even when negative affect was accounted for. In Study 2, overall analyses revealed that compared to a true control condition, the metacognition manipulation reduced the link between trait anxiety and HAB. This study needs to be replicated before we can definitively draw conclusions, …
Diagnosis Disclosure: The Impact Of Gender And Stigma, Sarah E. Gerrish
Diagnosis Disclosure: The Impact Of Gender And Stigma, Sarah E. Gerrish
Modern Psychological Studies
Existing literature has indicated that there may be a relationship between diagnosis disclosure and gender as it has been asserted that men and women perceive the diagnosis of a mental health disorder differently. Specifically, men report higher levels of perceived stigma when considering a mental health diagnosis and women report a higher likelihood of disclosing a mental health diagnosis to others. The purpose of this current study was to investigate how individuals perceive an illness diagnosis disclosure via an online survey as it was hypothesized that men would be less likely than women to disclose any illness and that all …