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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Preservation And Use Of Natural Resources In The Developing World: A Case Study Of The Can Gio Biosphere Reserve, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Emily Green
Occam's Razor
Developing nations often overlook the environmental effects of industrialization. However, these nations need healthy, sustainable resources in order to become prosperous and stable countries. Additionally, developed nations depend upon the natural resources of developing nations as raw materials. Loss of natural resources in developing nations therefore has effects at both national and global levels. A key challenge across the globe is balancing the human need for development with the necessity of the sustainable use and protection of natural resources. In the process of finding this balance, developing nations are revising both their national definition of conservation as well as the …
Occam's Razor Vol. 1 - Full (2011)
Cascadia Reconsidered: Questioning Micro-Scale Cross-Border Integration In The Fraser Lowland, Patrick H. Buckley, John Belec
Cascadia Reconsidered: Questioning Micro-Scale Cross-Border Integration In The Fraser Lowland, Patrick H. Buckley, John Belec
Environmental Studies Faculty and Staff Publications
Cascadia has been promoted as the premier cross-border region (CBR) along the western US-Canada border. However, most studies of this CBR have a strong normative inflection that assumes a great desire by the actors to emancipate themselves from dominance by the nation-state. Unlike as in other regions of the world such as Europe, little micro-level empirical investigation has been done of this hypothesis. This study seeks to address that issue by focusing on a proposed power plant in the heart of Cascadia which was to integrate resources and services between the border towns of Sumas, Washington and Abbotsford, British Columbia …
Advancing U.S.-Canada Border Transportation Planning And Programming, Hugh Conroy
Advancing U.S.-Canada Border Transportation Planning And Programming, Hugh Conroy
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
Since NAFTA, the United States and Canada have initiated programs to address cross-border transportation and anticipated increases in North American trade and travel. In 1999, The United States, through its multi-year transportation authorization act, began the Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program (CBI). This program, focused on border transportation investments, also established federal support for regional, binational planning coalitions. In 2000, U.S. Secretary of Transportation Rodney Slater and Canadian Minister of Transportation David Collenette signed a memorandum of cooperation to collaborate on transportation issues of mutual interest. This quickly led to the formation of the U.S.-Canada Transportation Border Working Group (TBWG) in …
Borders, Barriers, And Breakthroughs In The Cascadia Corridor, Troy D. Abel, Jenni Pelc, Lauren F. Miller, Jacqueline Quarre, Kathryn Mork
Borders, Barriers, And Breakthroughs In The Cascadia Corridor, Troy D. Abel, Jenni Pelc, Lauren F. Miller, Jacqueline Quarre, Kathryn Mork
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
This project focused on dilemmas of political biogeography through a case study of wildlife conservation and management efforts in the transboundary Cascadia region. Our team examined the interface of political science and biogeography, or “political biogeography,” through its manifestations in the evolving opportunities and barriers to regional wildlife conservation in the shared terrestrial ecosystems of British Columbia and Washington. Our research combined content analysis of policy documents and semi-structured stakeholder interviews and questionnaires.
Testing A Reconfiguration Of Fast At The Blaine Poe, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson
Testing A Reconfiguration Of Fast At The Blaine Poe, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
In prior articles we have described problems with efficacy of the Free and Secure Trade (FAST) trusted-shipper program at the Blaine, Washington, port-of-entry (POE). At Blaine, state and provincial transportation agencies invested in the construction of highway lanes dedicated to FAST trucks, but there has been relatively light usage of those lanes. In a 2009 field study we found that 23 percent of southbound trucks and just 2 percent of northbound trucks used the FAST lanes. Of the southbound FAST traffic, 73 percent of the trucks were empty. Southbound, the FAST lane seems primarily to be a rapid path by …
Scholars' Views On Improving Border Policy, Donald K. Alper
Scholars' Views On Improving Border Policy, Donald K. Alper
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
On April 29, the Center for Canadian-American Studies at Western Washington University hosted a conference, Bridging Distances: Past and Future Perspectives on Canada-US Relations, to mark the program’s 40th anniversary.* Participating scholars and practitioners were asked to comment on future trends, opportunities and challenges in the relationship. Plenary remarks were given by Ian Brodie, former chief of staff to Prime Minister Harper, and the luncheon address was delivered by David Emerson, chair of the Energy Policy Institute of Canada and former minister in two governments. Panelists were convened to discuss issues covering the following areas: • Both Sides Now: Parallel …
Advancing Program Symmetry For Us-Canada Investment In Cross-Border Transportation, Hugh Conroy
Advancing Program Symmetry For Us-Canada Investment In Cross-Border Transportation, Hugh Conroy
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
Reviewing the 17 years since the enactment of NAFTA, the U.S. and Canada have undertaken many initiatives to improve cross-border connections. While the range of issues that receive dedicated treatment is broad, this article focuses on crossborder transportation. Since NAFTA, both countries have set up multi-year federal investment programs for cross-border transportation – the U.S. Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program (CBI) in 1998 and the Canadian Border Infrastructure Fund (BIF) in 2002. In 2000, the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) and Transport Canada (TC) signed a memorandum of cooperation (MOC) on transportation issues which led to the creation of the U.S.-Canada …
Eliminating The Fast Lane At The Pacific Highway Crossing: Results Of A Pilot Project, Mark (Mark Christopher) Springer
Eliminating The Fast Lane At The Pacific Highway Crossing: Results Of A Pilot Project, Mark (Mark Christopher) Springer
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
A 2010 study of the Southbound Pacific Highway Crossing (PHC) focused on alternative configurations for an under-utilized approach lane and inspection booth (Springer, 2010). At the time of the study, both the lane and the booth were restricted to enrollees in the FAST, or Free and Secure Trade, program (USCBP, 2005). The FAST program was designed to encourage members of the trucking industry to increase freight security by rewarding qualifying participants with shorter travel times. To qualify for FAST, carriers, drivers, and shippers are required to follow certain security procedures which enhance the safety and security of the border. Trucks …
Cross-Border Freight Flows At The Two Land Borders, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Austin Rose
Cross-Border Freight Flows At The Two Land Borders, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Austin Rose
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
This article provides an overview of the flow of goods between the U.S. and its two NAFTA neighbors, Canada and Mexico. It is the job of border agencies to facilitate these flows, and this article seeks to explain some aspects of the scope of the job. There is much regional variation in the volume and composition of freight flows, and this variety inevitably has implications for border management policies.
Seminar Proceedings: Perimeter Security And The Beyond The Border Dialogue: Perspectives From The Pnw-Western Canada Region: Special Report, Border Policy Research Institute
Seminar Proceedings: Perimeter Security And The Beyond The Border Dialogue: Perspectives From The Pnw-Western Canada Region: Special Report, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
The Harper-Obama Washington Declaration of February 4, 2011 stated: "to preserve and extend the benefits our close relationship has helped bring Canadians and Americans alike, we intend to pursue a perimeter approach to security, working together within, at, and away from the borders of our two countries to enhance our security and accelerate the legitimate flow of people, goods, and services between our two countries." As of June, 2011, there were no details on what "perimeter security" might look like. What was clear is that whatever form it takes will likely depend on the Ottawa and Washington, DC intergovernmental Beyond …
Field Observations Of Northbound Truck Traffic At Pacific Highway, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Susannah Edwards, Yijun Zhang
Field Observations Of Northbound Truck Traffic At Pacific Highway, David L. (David Lindsay) Davidson, Susannah Edwards, Yijun Zhang
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
This report pertains to a field project designed to collect data suitable for development of a simulation model of commercial vehicle operations (CVO) in the northbound direction at the Pacific Highway border crossing in Blaine, Washington. The project complements a recently completed effort that generated similar data for trucks moving southbound at Pacific Highway.
Comparing A Year Of Legal Inbound Travel: The United States And Canada- 2009, Dylan Medina, Yijun Zhang, Susannah Edwards, Austin Rose, Christopher Miller
Comparing A Year Of Legal Inbound Travel: The United States And Canada- 2009, Dylan Medina, Yijun Zhang, Susannah Edwards, Austin Rose, Christopher Miller
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
This study initially set out to compare the cross-border flow of people into the U.S. and Canada over the course of one year. The research team at the BPRI chose to look at cross border flow for 2009, finding it to be the most recent comparable year. To begin this research, we set out with several general questions such as “who is crossing?”, “how many?”, “from where?” and “why?” We intended to first collect the quantitative data and then look at how the flow of people reflects or perhaps complicates the border and immigration policies, as well as the values, …
2011 Pacific Highway Southbound Fast Lane Study: Final Report, Border Policy Research Institute
2011 Pacific Highway Southbound Fast Lane Study: Final Report, Border Policy Research Institute
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
In the spring of 2011, a pilot test was conducted at the U.S. commercial port of entry (POE) at Blaine, Washington. The test was designed to determine whether a reconfiguration of operations at the POE would lead to improved southbound freight mobility. This report documents the methods and results of the pilot test.
Eliminating The Fast Lane At The Pacific Highway Crossing: A Simulation Analysis, Mark (Mark Christopher) Springer
Eliminating The Fast Lane At The Pacific Highway Crossing: A Simulation Analysis, Mark (Mark Christopher) Springer
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
A recent study by Springer (2011) analyzed the results of a 2011 pilot project at the Southbound Pacific Highway Crossing (PHC) for commercial freight traffic. The goal of the study was to gauge the impact of opening the FAST booth, which was restricted to enrollees in the FAST, or Free and Secure Trade program (USCBP, 2005), to general purpose (GP) commercial freight traffic. To qualify for FAST, carriers, drivers, and shippers are required to follow certain security procedures which enhance the safety and security of the border. Trucks enrolled in FAST were then allowed to use the dedicated lane and …
Regional Freight Capacity Management: Free And Secure Trade (Fast) Program Optimization At The Pacific Highway, Southbound Crossing, Mark (Mark Christopher) Springer
Regional Freight Capacity Management: Free And Secure Trade (Fast) Program Optimization At The Pacific Highway, Southbound Crossing, Mark (Mark Christopher) Springer
Border Policy Research Institute Publications
In the spring of 2011, a pilot project at the southbound Pacific Highway Crossing (PHC) tested the impact of opening the previously restricted FAST lane at the PHC to all commercial freight traffic. The FAST, or Free and Secure Trade program (USCBP, 2005), was designed to increase the security of southbound commercial freight into the United States. To qualify for FAST, carriers, drivers, and shippers are required to follow certain security procedures which aim to enhance the safety and security of the border. Trucks enrolled in FAST are then allowed to use the dedicated lane and inspection booth at the …
Rationing The River: Evaluating Hybrid Instream Flow Programs In Colorado And Montana, Zachary Bruning
Rationing The River: Evaluating Hybrid Instream Flow Programs In Colorado And Montana, Zachary Bruning
WWU Graduate School Collection
Properly managing river water is one of the most important common pool resource issues in the Western United States. Historically, laws regulating water in the West have been biased toward diverting water out of stream for human consumption at the cost of de-watering and degrading rivers across the West. Several states have recognized the importance of leaving water instream and have taken action to support that cause. This study provides an examination of the hybrid instream flow programs used in Colorado and Montana to preserve and restore the health of rivers in those states. Using a case study approach each …
War And Peace: Assessing The Impact Of Pmc's On The Outcome Of Civil Conflicts, Jessica Shea
War And Peace: Assessing The Impact Of Pmc's On The Outcome Of Civil Conflicts, Jessica Shea
WWU Graduate School Collection
As a response to the proliferation of private military contractors (PMC's) operating in the global marketplace today, scholars have increased the range and scope of their studies on PMC's. Yet, to date there exists no body of literature that provides a comprehensive examination of how PMC's may potentially impact the outcome to a civil conflict. My essay establishes that PMC's may play very different roles within conflicts, which influence the outcome to a conflict, and does so by examining the cases of Military Professional Resources, Incorporated (MPRI) in the Balkans, Executive Outcomes (EO) in Angola and EO in Sierra Leone.
Examining Illicit Cross-Border Drug Flows Within The Pacific Northwest, Joseph P. (Joseph Patrick) Larsen
Examining Illicit Cross-Border Drug Flows Within The Pacific Northwest, Joseph P. (Joseph Patrick) Larsen
WWU Graduate School Collection
After the attacks of September 11th, 2001 the American government placed a new emphasis upon domestic security and scrutiny soon fell upon the US-Canada border. From 2001 to 2011 there has been a great expansion of border security on the US-Canada border. It is the objective of this thesis to examine how increases in security along the US-Canada border following 9/11 have affected or changed drug smuggling in the Pacific Northwest. It is the central hypothesis of this thesis that the smuggling of drugs produced in British Columbia for American markets has been pushed into the interior of the Pacific …
Defining The Contours Of The National Surveillance State: Analyzing The Development Of Electronic Surveillance, Brett Rubio
Defining The Contours Of The National Surveillance State: Analyzing The Development Of Electronic Surveillance, Brett Rubio
WWU Graduate School Collection
The theory of a National Surveillance State, as provided by Balkin and Levinson, provides a broad framework for understanding the increased use and implications of electronic surveillance by the United States government. This thesis traces the development of electronic surveillance in the United States and evaluates how certain provisions of the Patriot Act have reduced privacy rights and have empowered the Executive branch with greater authority. As established by the theory of a National Surveillance State, the need for electronic surveillance is evident, yet it should be conducted within the context of constitutional protections of individual rights and political checks …
Is There Power In Perception?: Perceived Economic Condition And Perceived Immigrant Population Their Impact On Negative Attitudes Towards Immigrants, Joshua Martin
WWU Graduate School Collection
This study examines some of the potential underlying conditions that trigger prejudice against immigrants in Western Europe. The specific factors of economic concerns and perceptions of immigration population are used to generate three hypotheses 1) that economic concerns and perceptions of large immigrant populations drive negative attitude formation toward immigrants, and these factors are especially acute when they interact, 2) the two factors contribute to negative attitude formation regardless of societal context, and 3) that the two factors of study are not spurious and are able to withstand the factoring in of exclusionary variables. The study uses the 2008 wave …
The Delicate State Of The Nation-State: A Discourse Analysis Of The Parti Québécois From 1960-2000, Kristina Perkins
The Delicate State Of The Nation-State: A Discourse Analysis Of The Parti Québécois From 1960-2000, Kristina Perkins
WWU Graduate School Collection
This paper explores the changes that Québécois nationalism has experienced between 1960 and 2000 as reflected in the discourse of the Parti Québécois (PQ). The hypothesis of this study holds that the provincial and federal political environment has affected the issues that are emphasized in nationalism discourse in Québec. The leaders of the PQ are likely to emphasize the economic or state-building potential of the province when Québec is on the brink of a sovereignty referendum or a constitutional reform initiative. Cultural references, such as language or history, are assumed to be emphasized when the PQ is not in power, …
Asbestos-Laden Soil: A Case Study Analysis Of Swift Creek, Rebekah J. Hook
Asbestos-Laden Soil: A Case Study Analysis Of Swift Creek, Rebekah J. Hook
WWU Graduate School Collection
In the rural area of Whatcom County, Washington there is a naturally occurring asbestos site on the west side of Sumas Mountain. The asbestos laden-soil became airborne after a landslide occurred on the mountain causing asbestos-laden sediment to become loose and every year, one-hundred thousand cubic yards flows into the nearby Swift Creek. There are many stakeholders who are involved in developing mitigation policies. These include agency officials and elected representatives from a variety of levels of government and private property owners. This case study expands on the relationship between "less pressing" environmental issues and the types conditions that must …