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Articles 1 - 30 of 157
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Social Capital, Institutional Rules, And Constitutional Amendment Rates, William D. Blake, Joseph Francesco Cozza, David A. Armstrong Ii, Amanda Friesen
Social Capital, Institutional Rules, And Constitutional Amendment Rates, William D. Blake, Joseph Francesco Cozza, David A. Armstrong Ii, Amanda Friesen
Political Science Publications
Why are some constitutions amended more frequently than others? The literature provides few clear answers, as some scholars focus on institutional factors, whereas others emphasize amendment culture. We bridge this divide with new theoretical and empirical insights. Using data from democratic constitutions worldwide and U.S. state constitutions, we examine how social capital reduces the transaction costs imposed by amendment rules. The results indicate that constitutional rigidity decreases amendment frequency, but group membership, civic activism, and political trust can offset the effect of amendment rules. Our findings have important implications for scholars in public law, constitutional and democratic theory, and social …
Luck Egalitarianism And Non-Overlapping Generations, Elizabeth Finneron-Burns
Luck Egalitarianism And Non-Overlapping Generations, Elizabeth Finneron-Burns
Political Science Publications
This paper argues that there are good reasons to limit the scope of luck egalitarianism to co-existing people. First, I outline reasons to be sceptical about how “luck” works intergenerationally and therefore the very grounding of luck egalitarianism between non-overlapping generations. Second, I argue that what Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen calls the “core luck egalitarian claim” allows significant intergenerational inequality which is a problem for those who object to such inequality. Third, luck egalitarianism cannot accommodate the intuition that it might be required to leave future generations better off than we are, even if it would come at no cost to ourselves. …
Faith, Source Credibility, And Trust In Pandemic Information, Jianing Li, Amanda Friesen, Michael W. Wagner
Faith, Source Credibility, And Trust In Pandemic Information, Jianing Li, Amanda Friesen, Michael W. Wagner
Political Science Publications
No abstract provided.
Are Saviour Siblings A Special Case In Procreative Ethics?, Elizabeth Finneron-Burns, Caleb Althorpe
Are Saviour Siblings A Special Case In Procreative Ethics?, Elizabeth Finneron-Burns, Caleb Althorpe
Political Science Publications
Children conceived in order to donate biological material to save the life of an already existing child are known as 'saviour siblings'. The primary reasons that have been offered against the practice are: (i) creating a saviour sibling has negative impacts on the created child and (ii) creating a saviour child represents a wrongful procreative motivation of the parents. In this paper we examine to what extent the creation of saviour siblings actually presents a special case in procreative ethics. Although we do not deny that there is a unique feature present in the saviour sibling case—namely, that the child …
The Role Of Neighbourhood Groups In Municipal Governance: A Case Study Of Abandoned Buildings In Windsor, John B. Sutcliffe, Sarah Cipkar
The Role Of Neighbourhood Groups In Municipal Governance: A Case Study Of Abandoned Buildings In Windsor, John B. Sutcliffe, Sarah Cipkar
Political Science Publications
Neighbourhood groups are a feature of municipal politics across Canada yet are understudied in mid-sized cities. They are often portrayed as a mechanism for allowing residents to be more engaged in decisions affecting their neighbourhoods and to improve municipal decisions by incorporating the lived experience of municipal residents into that decision-making. It is therefore important to examine the formation of neighbourhood groups, whether they influence municipal decisions, and whether they are representative of their neighbourhoods. This article examines these issues through a case study of four neighbourhood groups in Windsor, Ontario. Using interview data as well as analysis of primary …
Introduction To The Special Issue -- Science In Politics: Methodological Innovations And Political Issues, Amanda Friesen, Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz, Rose Mcdermott
Introduction To The Special Issue -- Science In Politics: Methodological Innovations And Political Issues, Amanda Friesen, Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz, Rose Mcdermott
Political Science Publications
We introduce the Special Issue on Life Science in Politics: Methodological Innovations and Political Issues. This issue of Politics and the Life Sciences is focused on the use of life science theory and methods to study political phenomena and the exploration of the intersection of science and political attitudes. This issue is the third in a series of special issues funded by the Association for Politics and the Life Sciences that adheres to the Open Science Framework for registered reports. Pre-analysis plans are peer reviewed and given in-principle acceptance before data are collected and/or analyzed, and the articles are published …
Objectified And Dehumanized: Does Objectification Impact Perceptions Of Women Political Candidates?, Claire M. Gothreau, Amanda Milena Alvarez, Amanda Friesen
Objectified And Dehumanized: Does Objectification Impact Perceptions Of Women Political Candidates?, Claire M. Gothreau, Amanda Milena Alvarez, Amanda Friesen
Political Science Publications
Objectification and dehumanization are topics often discussed within the social psychology and feminist theory literature. Research on objectification has largely focused on the sexual objectification of women’s bodies, whereas the dehumanization literature has focused on dehumanization in the context of racial and ethnic groups. Extant political science research has only recently begun to engage with these concepts. In this manuscript, we build upon these literatures and apply these insights to questions relevant to politics. In particular, we argue that objectifying and dehumanizing portrayals of women impact how voters evaluate women politicians and how much they support gender parity in politics. …
Hostile, Benevolent, Implicit: How Different Shades Of Sexism Impact Gendered Policy Attitudes, Claire Gothreau, Kevin Arceneaux, Amanda Friesen
Hostile, Benevolent, Implicit: How Different Shades Of Sexism Impact Gendered Policy Attitudes, Claire Gothreau, Kevin Arceneaux, Amanda Friesen
Political Science Publications
Advances in gender equality and progressive policies are often stymied by cultural sexist systems and individual-level sexist attitudes. These attitudes are pervasive but vary in type—from benevolent to hostile and implicit to explicit. Understanding the types of sexism and their foundations are important for identifying connections to specific social and political attitudes and behaviors. The current study examines the impact of various manifestations of sexism on attitudes regarding policies and public opinion issues that involve gender equality or have gendered implications. More specifically, we look at attitudes on reproductive rights, support for the #MeToo Movement, equal pay, and paid leave …
Addressing Gender Inequality Through Employment And Procurement: Local Content In Tanzania's Emerging Gas Industry, Jesse Salah Ovadia
Addressing Gender Inequality Through Employment And Procurement: Local Content In Tanzania's Emerging Gas Industry, Jesse Salah Ovadia
Political Science Publications
Gender is an overlooked area when it comes to local content. Few, if any, local content laws and regulations for the extractive industries globally contain any specific provisions related to gender equity or female empowerment. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, shortening and simplifying supply chains has become an imperative for multinational firms. Formal employment in oil extraction is traditionally male-dominated. In Tanzania, employment in this sector is estimated to be over 80 percent male. However, the negative impacts of the industry, especially in terms of social disruption and dislocation, environmental degradation, and loss of livelihood, are more likely …
Coding Appendix 1: Code Method And Code Lists, Cristine De Clercy, Alex Marland
Coding Appendix 1: Code Method And Code Lists, Cristine De Clercy, Alex Marland
Political Science Publications
No abstract provided.
Ukraine Crisis, 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis Share Disturbing Similarities, Erika Vg Simpson Prof.
Ukraine Crisis, 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis Share Disturbing Similarities, Erika Vg Simpson Prof.
Political Science Publications
No abstract provided.
Racial Limitations On The Gender, Risk, Religion & Politics Model, Amanda Friesen
Racial Limitations On The Gender, Risk, Religion & Politics Model, Amanda Friesen
Political Science Publications
Risk aversion dampens political participation and heightens religiosity, with concentrated effects among women. Yet, little is known about how intersecting identities moderate these psychological correlates of religiosity and political engagement. In this paper, we theorize that the risk-religion-politics relationship is gendered and racialized. Using a nationally representative survey, we show that political participation is more strongly correlated with risk for Black women than for any other race-gender group. For religiosity, however, we find little evidence that risk is related to religiosity among Black women, while highly correlated with white women's religious engagement. For men—whether Black or white—risk exhibits a modest, …
A Plea To Heed The Chorus Of Afghans Urging Canadian Aid, Erika Simpson
A Plea To Heed The Chorus Of Afghans Urging Canadian Aid, Erika Simpson
Political Science Publications
No abstract provided.
Political Taste: Exploring How Perception Of Bitter Substances May Reveal Risk Tolerance And Political Preferences, Amanda Friesen
Political Taste: Exploring How Perception Of Bitter Substances May Reveal Risk Tolerance And Political Preferences, Amanda Friesen
Political Science Publications
Risk is endemic to the political arena and influences citizen engagement. We explore this connection by suggesting that risk-taking may be biologically instantiated in sensory systems. With specific attention to gender and gender identity, we investigate the connections between self-reported bitter taste reception, risk tolerance, and both of their associations with political participation. In three U.S. samples collected in 2019 and 2020, participants were asked to rate their preferences from lists of foods as well as whether they detected the taste of the substance N-Propylthiouracil (PROP) and, if so, the strength of the taste. In this registered report, we find …
The Higher Power Of Religiosity Over Personality On Political Ideology, Alexander Ksiazkiewicz, Amanda Friesen
The Higher Power Of Religiosity Over Personality On Political Ideology, Alexander Ksiazkiewicz, Amanda Friesen
Political Science Publications
Two streams of research, culture war and system justification, have proposed that religious orientations and personality, respectively, play critical roles in political orientations. There has been only limited work integrating these two streams. This integration is now of increased importance given the introduction of behavior-genetic frameworks into our understanding of why people differ politically. Extant research has largely considered the influence of personality as heritable and religiosity as social, but this view needs reconsideration as religiosity is also genetically influenced. Here we integrate these domains and conduct multivariate analyses on twin samples in the U.S. and Australia to identify the …
The Consequences Of Denominational Typicality On Individual Political Attitudes, Michael W. Wagner, Amanda Friesen
The Consequences Of Denominational Typicality On Individual Political Attitudes, Michael W. Wagner, Amanda Friesen
Political Science Publications
No abstract provided.
‘You Can’T Repeal Regret’: Targeting Men For Mobilisation In Ireland’S Abortion Debate, Kate Hunt, Amanda Friesen
‘You Can’T Repeal Regret’: Targeting Men For Mobilisation In Ireland’S Abortion Debate, Kate Hunt, Amanda Friesen
Political Science Publications
This study explores how social movement organisations involved in the abortion debate in the Republic of Ireland attempted to appeal to men in their campaign messages before the 2018 referendum on the Eighth Amendment concerning abortion. We scrape social movement organisations’ Twitter accounts to conduct quantitative and qualitative content analyses of images and videos the organisations posted, and find evidence that social movement organisations sometimes extended their frames to men as voters. Social movement organisations evoked themes of hegemonic masculinity in their imagery and messaging, though these themes were not a large portion of overall campaign tweets and there were …
Quantifying The Archives: Leveraging The Norms And Tools Of Data Science To Conduct Ethical Research On The Holocaust, Alexis M. Lerner
Quantifying The Archives: Leveraging The Norms And Tools Of Data Science To Conduct Ethical Research On The Holocaust, Alexis M. Lerner
Political Science Publications
Holocaust archives have traditionally been the scholarly territory of the arts and humanities. However, given the tremendous increase in the number of testimonies and documents available, especially since the mid-1990s with the advent of the USC Shoah Foundation Visual History Archive and in the 2000s with the opening of the Arolsen Archives, it is necessary to evaluate the applicability of a numerate approach. Statistical methods, data science, and machine learning have the capacity to handle large, messy, and disparate bodies of information about human behavior. Not only could a quantitative lens disrupt traditional ways of housing, organizing, and analyzing data …
Slimy Worms Or Sticky Kids: How Caregiving Tasks And Gender Identity Attenuate Disgust Response, Amanda Friesen, Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz
Slimy Worms Or Sticky Kids: How Caregiving Tasks And Gender Identity Attenuate Disgust Response, Amanda Friesen, Aleksander Ksiazkiewicz
Political Science Publications
Disgust is derived from evolutionary processes to avoid pathogen contamination. Theories of gender differences in pathogen disgust utilize both evolutionary psychological and sociocultural perspectives. Drawing on research that suggests that masculine and feminine gender identities are somewhat orthogonal, we examine how gender identity intersects with pathogen disgust. In addition, building on evolutionary psychological and socio- cultural accounts of how caregiving and parental investment affect pathogen disgust, we present a new measure of caregiving disgust and compare its properties across gender, parental status, and political ideology with those of a conventional pathogen disgust measure. This registered report finds that how masculinity …
Ghana's Petroleum Industry: Expectations, Frustrations And Anger In Coastal Communities, Jesse Salah Ovadia, Jasper Abembia Ayelazuno, James Van Alstine
Ghana's Petroleum Industry: Expectations, Frustrations And Anger In Coastal Communities, Jesse Salah Ovadia, Jasper Abembia Ayelazuno, James Van Alstine
Political Science Publications
With much fanfare, Ghana's Jubilee Oil Field was discovered in 2007 and began producing oil in 2010. In the six coastal districts nearest the offshore fields, expectations of oil-backed development have been raised. However, there is growing concern over what locals perceive to be negative impacts of oil and gas production. Based on field research conducted in 2010 and 2015 in the same communities in each district, this paper presents a longitudinal study of the impacts (real and perceived) of oil and gas production in Ghana. With few identifiable benefits beyond corporate social responsibility projects often disconnected from local development …
Incommensurable Languages Of Value And Petro-Geographies: Land-Use, Decision-Making And Conflict In South-Western Ghana, William Otchere-Darko, Jesse Salah Ovadia
Incommensurable Languages Of Value And Petro-Geographies: Land-Use, Decision-Making And Conflict In South-Western Ghana, William Otchere-Darko, Jesse Salah Ovadia
Political Science Publications
Petroleum in Ghana has created new dilemmas for land control and spatial planning. This paper explores petro-geographies using the concept of “incommensurable values” to situate the multiple, conflicting, and intersecting values and framings attached to land. We identify languages of value used by non-state actors that reflect the need for social-market investments, gainful employment, food security, and protection from expropriation and pollution. We find that these languages are incommensurate with those of state actors, who emphasize efficiency, competitiveness, and voluntariness in pursuit of the “highest and best use of land and petroleum resources”. The spatial outcomes reflect a singularization of …
Local Content In Developing And Middle-Income Countries: Towards A More Holistic Strategy, Abigail Efua Hilson, Jesse Salah Ovadia
Local Content In Developing And Middle-Income Countries: Towards A More Holistic Strategy, Abigail Efua Hilson, Jesse Salah Ovadia
Political Science Publications
This paper introduces a collection of manuscripts compiled for a special section of The Extractive Industries and Society on local content. Our introduction paper situates these pieces in the wider literature and policy debates on local content in the extractive industries in developing economies. Local content requirements (LCRs), which seek to create value locally, tend to be driven by state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and other agencies that work alongside multinational companies (MNCs), civil society organizations and international institutions in the mining and oil and gas sectors. For states, the establishment of SOEs and other government bodies needed to implement local content …
Political Attitudes Vary With Detection Of Androstenone, Amanda Friesen, Mike Gruszczynski, Kevin B. Smith, John R. Alford
Political Attitudes Vary With Detection Of Androstenone, Amanda Friesen, Mike Gruszczynski, Kevin B. Smith, John R. Alford
Political Science Publications
Building on a growing body of research suggesting that political attitudes are part of broader individual and biological orientations, we test whether the detection of the hormone androstenone is predictive of political attitudes. The particular social chemical analyzed in this study is androstenone, a nonandrogenic steroid found in the sweat and saliva of many mammals, including humans. A primary reason for scholarly interest in odor detection is that it varies so dramatically from person to person. Using participants’ self-reported perceptions of androstenone intensity, together with a battery of survey items testing social and political preferences and orientations, this research supports …
How Do Populist Voters Rate Their Political Leaders? Comparing Citizen Assessments In Three Jurisdictions, Gerald Seijts, Cristine De Clercy
How Do Populist Voters Rate Their Political Leaders? Comparing Citizen Assessments In Three Jurisdictions, Gerald Seijts, Cristine De Clercy
Political Science Publications
Drawing from the field of management studies, we explore how a sample of voters in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom use a leader character framework to judge political leadership. We ask, how do voters actually assess the character of their current leaders? And, in light of the populist zeitgeist, do people who hold a populist attitude differ markedly in how they judge the character of political leaders? Our results show that voters generally consider character important. However, voters who lean toward populism believe character matters less in political leadership than individuals who scored low on the populism …
Oil Exploration And Production In Sub-Saharan Africa, 1990-Present: Trends And Developments, Emmanuel Graham, Jesse Salah Ovadia
Oil Exploration And Production In Sub-Saharan Africa, 1990-Present: Trends And Developments, Emmanuel Graham, Jesse Salah Ovadia
Political Science Publications
The exploration and production of oil and gas continue to be vigorously pursued by African states and international corporations—both large and small. However, with unpredictable fluctuations in oil prices it becomes more difficult to exploit these resources in ways which accrue net benefits to both the state and its citizens. The oil and gas industry in Africa continues to grow and attract new investment, especially from China and India. Despite the lower price of oil, exploration and production activities continue to be carried out. At the same time, the possibilities for oil and gas to be a blessing narrow. Natural …
Personality, Politics, And Religion, Amanda Friesen
Personality, Politics, And Religion, Amanda Friesen
Political Science Publications
Individual differences in personality, religiosity, and political dispositions often are explained in conjunction with one another. Though the religious and political may share common themes of meaning-making, group identity, and societal organization, personality also influences these orientations. Specifically, the Big Five traits (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability) and authoritarianism demonstrate consistent relationships with religious/ political beliefs and behaviors. Personality is often thought of as the first mover to develop with an individual before exposure to the other two domains, leading to a conceptual influence model of: personality → religiosity → politics. Using longitudinal studies and genetically informed samples, however, …
Generational Change? The Effects Of Family, Age, And Time On Moral Foundations, Amanda Friesen
Generational Change? The Effects Of Family, Age, And Time On Moral Foundations, Amanda Friesen
Political Science Publications
One way to uncover the persistent role of religion across generations is to look past traditional understandings of religious belief and denominational belonging and examine the presence of bedrock principles that could influence political beliefs in families. The Moral Foundations framework was developed for this purpose – to describe human behavior and attitudes in the moral realm without relying upon country, culture, or time specific labels. In an original and rare three-generation dataset, college students, their parents, and their grandparents were asked about political attitudes and preferences for the Moral Foundations of Harm/Care, Fairness/Reciprocity, Ingroup/Loyalty, Authority/Respect, and Purity/Sanctity. The Foundations …
Digital Segregation: Gender, Occupation, And Access To Politics, Amanda Friesen, Ryan Burge, Kylee Britzman
Digital Segregation: Gender, Occupation, And Access To Politics, Amanda Friesen, Ryan Burge, Kylee Britzman
Political Science Publications
In the United States, women often show less interest in politics, and under some conditions, perform worse than men on political knowledge tests. In an age where education levels have reached parity, we suggest one of the explanations for gender differences in political engagement might be due to selection of occupation. Past research has shown women and men segregate into different occupations due to early gender socialization, differences in interest, and structural barriers. It is possible that due to these segregation effects, women in traditional female occupations (e.g., education, health care, service work) may have less access to personal Internet …
Will Trump's Space Force Lead To The Militarization Of Space?, Erika Simpson
Will Trump's Space Force Lead To The Militarization Of Space?, Erika Simpson
Political Science Publications
No abstract provided.
The Theory And Practice Of Building Developmental States In The Global South, Jewellord Nem Singh, Jesse Salah Ovadia
The Theory And Practice Of Building Developmental States In The Global South, Jewellord Nem Singh, Jesse Salah Ovadia
Political Science Publications
Reviewing decades of thinking regarding the role of the state in economic development, we argue for the continued relevance of the concept of the ‘developmental state’. With reference to Argentina, Brazil, Ethiopia, Rwanda and China, we contend that new developmental states are evidence of a move beyond the historical experience of East Asian development. Further, we argue for the applicability of the developmental state framework to key questions of governance, institution building, industrial policy and the extractive industries, as well as to a wide variety of cases of successful and failed state-led development in the early twenty-first century.