Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Ssrn As An Initial Revolution In Academic Knowledge Aggregation And Dissemination, David Bray, Sascha Vitzthum, Benn Konsynski

Sascha Vitzthum

Within this paper we consider our results of using the Social Science Research Network (SSRN) over a period of 18 months to distribute our working papers to the research community. Our experiences have been quite positive, with SSRN serving as a platform both to inform our colleagues about our research as well as inform us about related research (through email and telephoned conversations of colleagues who discovered our paper on SSRN). We then discuss potential future directions for SSRN to consider, and how SSRN might well represent an initial revolution in 21st century academic knowledge aggregation and dissemination. Our paper …

Towards Self-Organizing, Smart Business Networks: Let’S Create ‘Life’ From Inert Information, David Bray, Benn Konsynski

David A. Bray

We review three different theories that can inform how researchers can determine the performance of smart business networks, to include: (1) the Theory of Evolution, (2) the Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm, and (3) research insights into computers and cognition. We suggest that each of these theories demonstrate that to be generally perceived as smart, an organism needs to be self-organizing, communicative, and tool-making. Consequentially, to determine the performance of a smart business network, we suggest that researchers need to determine the degree to which it is self-organizing, communicative, and tool-making. We then relate these findings to the Internet and …

Regional And Municipal Governance Of Public Private Partnerships, Louis Gunnigan

Louis Gunnigan

This module concentrates on the issues important to those who will be setting up PPPs and who are involved in government at a regional or municipal level. The module is centred on five tasks, namely:

• How to identify PPP opportunities and to find the best private sector partners for a PPP;

• How to organize a PPP programme within a government by enhancing cooperation amongst the relevant departments and ministries, local, regional and national authorities;

• How to be an effective manager and leader in a dynamic PPP unit;

• How to engage public support for PPPs;

• How …

Emergence Of Nanodistricts In The United States: Path Dependency Or New Opportunities?, Philip Shapira, Jan Youtie

Philip Shapira

Multiple economic development theories suggest that research and innovation in emerging technologies will cluster in certain locations rather then distributing equally among all regions. If this is the case, this distributional pattern has implications for where future economic opportunities as well as future risks will be concentrated. In this paper, we probe nanotechnology (hereafter nano) research and commercialization at a regional level. The study examines the top 30 US “nanodistricts” or metropolitan areas which lead in nanotechnology research activity over the 1990-2006 timeframe. We explore the factors underlying the emergence of these 30 metropolitan areas through exploratory cluster analysis. We …

Eureka! Winning Ways: Analysis Of Early Client Experiences, Lynne Manrique, Kamau Bobb, David Roessner, Jan Youtie, Philip Shapira

Philip Shapira

The Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a longstanding record of helping small- and medium-sized (SME) manufacturers to identify and implement technologies and practices that improve manufacturing efficiency and product quality. More recently, MEP has begun to build a growth services portfolio to assist manufacturers with the development of new products, new customers, and new markets. Its first growth services offering, called Eureka! Winning Ways (E!WW), was piloted in late 2006 and has been implemented widely since the beginning of 2008. To explore the nature of early E!WW client experiences, as well …

Reducing World Poverty By Improving Evaluation Of Development Aid, Paul Clements, Thomaz Chianca, Ryoh Sasaki

Paul Clements

No abstract provided.

Refining Search Terms For Nanotechnology, Alan L. Porter, Jan Youtie, Philip Shapira, David J. Schoeneck

Philip Shapira

The ability to delineate the boundaries of an emerging technology is central to obtaining an understanding of the technology’s research paths and commercialization prospects. Nowhere is this more relevant than in the case of nanotechnology (hereafter identified as “nano”) given its current rapid growth and multidisciplinary nature. (Under the rubric of nanotechnology, we also include nanoscience and nanoengineering.) Past efforts have utilized several strategies, including simple term search for the prefix nano, complex lexical and citation-based approaches, and bootstrapping techniques. This research introduces a modularized Boolean approach to defining nanotechnology which has been applied to several research and patenting databases. …

Gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen Durch „Intelligente Umgebungen“, Michael Friedewald, Ralf Lindner

Michael Friedewald

Mit der umfassenden drahtlosen Vernetzung und Computerisierung von Alltagsgegenständen und Umgebungen werden nicht nur neuartige Anwendungen möglich, sondern auch zahlreiche Risiken erzeugt. Soll Ambient Intelligence (AmI) ein Erfolg werden, ist es erforderlich, angemessene Maß- nahmen zu ergreifen, um Privatsphäre, Sicherheit oder Vertrauen in den jeweiligen Anwendungskontexten zu gewährleisten. Dabei besteht die Herausforderung darin, frühzeitig Vorkehrungen gegen Risiken zu entwickeln, die noch nicht manifest sind. Im Rahmen des EU-Projekts „Safeguards in a World of Ambient Intelligence“ wurden Szenarien entwickelt, mit deren Hilfe poten- zielle Risiken in einer frühen Phase der Technikentwicklung identifiziert wurden. Der Beitrag skizziert die angewandte Szenarienmethode, präsentiert die …

Resultados De La Encuesta De Percepción Entre Ciudadanos Estadounidenses Y Canadienses Residentes En México, Rodrigo Garcia-Verdu

Rodrigo Garcia-Verdu

Esta presentación resume los principales resultados de una encuesta de percepción entre ciudadanos estadounidenses y canadienses residentes en México levantada a través de Internet por la Unidad de Seguros, Pensiones y Seguridad Social de la Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público de México en 2008. El objetivo de la encuesta fue ayudar en el diseño de una estrategia que permita la atracción a Mexico de un mayor número de ciudadanos extranjeros para efectos de migración durante el retiro y de turismo médico.

The Illusion Of Security, David Wright, Michael Friedewald, Wim Schreurs, Michiel Verlinden, Serge Gutwirth, Yves Punie, Ioannis Maghiros, Elena Vildjiounaite, Petteri Alahuhta

Michael Friedewald

No abstract provided.

An Association To Improve Evaluation Of Development Aid, Paul Clements

Paul Clements

No abstract provided.

Cele Strategii Lizbońskiej W Regionalnych Programach Operacyjnych, Justyna Sokołowska-Woźniak, Dariusz Woźniak

Dariusz Woźniak

One of the most important policy issues in many parts of the world is the transformation of economies into knowledge driven economies The concept of knowledge economy is given the highest priority also in the European Union’s socio-economic agenda (the Lisbon Strategy launched in 2000 and renewed in 2005). The purpose of this paper is to present how Lisbon Strategy influences the allocation of cohesion funds aimed at Polish regional development. The article consists of three parts. First section reviews the goals of the Lisbon Strategy. In the second part the regional operational programmess for Voivodships are described. The third …

Growing Greener, New York Style, Rachel R. Weinberger

Rachel R Weinberger

No abstract provided.

La Gobernanza De La Política Científica Y Tecnológica En España, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Ignacio Fernández-De-Lucio, Emilio Muñoz, Jesús Sebastián, Javier López-Facal, Arturo García-Arroyo

Manuel Fernández-Esquinas

Esta ponencia ha sido elaborada por un grupo de trabajo de la Red CTI/CSIC1 y es fruto de los trabajos y debates internos en la Red en los últimos dos años. Su presentación en el Encuentro de Cáceres pretende abrir el debate con los diferentes actores de los procesos de investigación, de su difusión y gestión, tanto política como operativa. Como resultado de este debate se pretende aportar reflexiones y propuestas que puedan ser útiles en el diseño y ejecución de las políticas científicas y tecnológicas en España. La ponencia se estructura en cuatro partes: las dos primeras plantean aspectos …

Knowledge Intensive Service Activities That Matter For Industry Innovation: Evidences From A Peripheral Region, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Cristina Martínez-Fernández, Irene Ramos-Vielba, Carmen Merchán-Hernández

Manuel Fernández-Esquinas

The innovation systems literature has long considered the role of different actors and institutions in the promotion and diffusion of innovation, both in industry systems and in regional systems. An area of increasing attention but where less evidence is found is how open innovation occurs in enterprises located in peripheral regions; specifically which knowledge intensive service activities (KISA) are core for their innovation efforts and how are they co-produced through internal and external sources. This paper discusses innovation related knowledge intensive service activities in enterprises of a region of Southern Spain (Andalucia) and how these activities constitute a system of …

¿Quién Responde A Las Encuestas De Innovación? Problemas Metodológicos Y Calidad De Los En El Estudio De La Innovación Empresarial, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Carmen Merchán-Hernández

Manuel Fernández-Esquinas

Las encuestas de innovación a empresas son un instrumento habitual para el análisis y diagnóstico de los recursos y actividades de I+D e innovación en el tejido productivo. Las pautas metodológicas y, en especial, las definiciones de los conceptos que se emplean en este tipo de encuestas suelen recogerse en manuales dirigidos a facilitar comparaciones internacionales, tales como el denominado Manual de Oslo de la OCDE (1992, 1997 y 2005). Estas directrices comunes han ido dirigidas a normalizar conceptos y procedimientos, si bien aún no se han logrado despejar importantes dudas en torno al diseño y ejecución de las encuestas …

Familia, Empresa Y Juventud: Elementos Para El Estudio De La Interacción Intergeneracional En Las Empresas Familiares, Marian Pérez-Marín, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas

Manuel Fernández-Esquinas

Partiendo de estudios realizados en las Comunidades valenciana y andaluza, con el presente trabajo pretendemos perfilar dos aspectos que, en el tejido empresarial español, consideramos que configuran de forma muy significativa el empleo y las dinámicas psicosociales que se establecen en torno a él. En nuestro artículo hacemos especial hincapié, por un lado, en las particularidades del empleo en los jóvenes y las empresas familiares, su papel en la creación de empresas y, por otro, en las especiales dinámicas que modulan el ambiente laboral cuando éste se da en contextos familiares. Desde una perspectiva social, hablamos del comportamiento emprendedor, del …

¿Hacia Dónde Va La Política Científica Y Tecnológica En España?, Jesús Sebastián, Irene Ramos-Vielba, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas

Manuel Fernández-Esquinas

No abstract provided.

Recursos Humanos En El Sistema Andaluz De Universidades: Análisis Prospectivo De Las Necesidades De Personal Docente E Investigador, Manuel Fernández-Esquinas, Elena Espinosa-De-Los-Monteros, María Jiménez-Buedo, Manuel Pérez-Yruela

Manuel Fernández-Esquinas

No abstract provided.

Public Policy Subsystems Dealing With Ethically Contested Medical-Technological Issues, Robert Hoppe

Robert Hoppe

No abstract provided.

Ambient Intelligence 2020, Olivier Da Costa, Michael Friedewald

Michael Friedewald

No abstract provided.

On Building Clusters Versus Leveraging Synergies In The Design Of Innovation Policy For Developing Economies, Edward J. Feser

Edward J Feser

This paper argues there are two broad ways policymakers might use industry cluster concepts to inform the design of regional innovation policy. The first, and clearly dominant approach, is to view identified technology-based clusters as targets for growth strategies, i.e., to nurture the growth of selected groups of innovative industries and research strengths in a limited set of regions as a means of increasing levels of innovation economy-wide (termed the cluster building approach). The second is to use cluster ideas to reorient development strategies so that they leverage synergies among businesses and non-market institutions, thus improving innovation rates (termed the …

The Performance Metrics Boom And Parliamentary Scrutiny And Evaluation, Gordon Marnoch

Gordon Marnoch

This paper deals with a series of questions which are posed in relation to performance metrics and the practices of parliamentarians as ‘end-users’ scrutinising and evaluating public policies. Does the availability of an extensive range of metrics allow parliamentarians to scrutinise governments’ policy records and progress with specific programmes? Alternately is there evidence of ‘producer capture’ in the sense that metrics are used to narrowly ‘frame issues’, to the exclusion of key dimensions which might otherwise be subject to political scrutiny? Are performance metrics which require relatively high degrees of analytic capacity on the part of parliamentarians ignored due to …

A Review Of Empirical Research On Politicians’ Behaviour As End-Users Of Performance Metrics, Gordon Marnoch

Gordon Marnoch

This working paper reviews in detail seven key empirical studies, which examined the behaviour of politicians as ‘end-users’ of performance metrics. In addition to considering main findings, the review has been used to examine alternative research designs and methods, which may be employed in a study investigating performance metrics and user behaviour in the Scottish Parliament. The review suggests use is limited in the context of oversight and conditional on certain institutional factors.

A Multiple-Perspectives Construct Of The American Global City, Herman L. Boschken

Herman L. Boschken

PAPER ARGUES AND TESTS THE PROPOSITION THAT THE GLOBAL CITY IS BEST DESCRIBED AND ANALYZED FROM A HOLISTIC CONSTRUCT OF COMPETING PERSPECTIVES. IT EMPLOYES FACTOR AND K-MEANS CLUSTER ANALYSIS TO DIFFERENTIATE 53 US URBANIZED AREAS.

Taken For Granted? Managing For Social Equity In Grant Programs., Brian Collins, Brian Gerber

Brian K. Collins

Managing for social equity performance has long been a goal without much guidance for public managers. We examine social equity performance in the context of indirect governance through the administration of grant programs and, more specifically, the matching of policy responses (grant funding) to social needs. Grant program managers must allocate funding to match needs while also ensuring accountability, but common administrative models that rely on competition can undermine social equity performance. We develop a unique framework to analyze the relative social equity performance of four models of grant administration in general. These models are defined by whether competitions or …

Catching Up With The New Public Service In Theory And Practice: Understanding Workers And Worker Motivation, Craig Boardman, Branco Ponomariov

Craig Boardman

No abstract provided.

The Mexican Education System In The Context Of The Demographic Transition: The Case Of The Tertiary Education Level, Daniel Tapia

Daniel Tapia

No abstract provided.

UbiquitäRes Computing Und Seine Auswirkungen Auf Die Industriearbeit, Ralf Lindner, Michael Friedewald

Michael Friedewald

Ubiquitäres Computing (UbiComp) bezeichnet eine alles durchdringende Informatisierung und Ver- netzung u.a. auch im Arbeitsleben. Es fügt sich in der industriellen Fertigung in die seit langem zu beobachtenden Trends der Rationalisierung und Flexibilisierung ein, beschleunigen diese und ver- stärken zum Teil deren Auswirkungen auf innerbetriebliche Prozesse. Mit Blick auf Tätigkeitsprofile und Qualifikationsanforderungen sind zwei gegenläufigen Folgen von UbiComp zu erwarten: Einer- seits werden bestimmte Tätigkeiten in der industriellen Fertigung eine qualitative Anreicherung und Erweiterung erfahren, während andererseits erweiterte Möglichkeiten zur Automatisierung von einfa- chen Kontroll-, Überwachungs- und anderen manuellen Tätigkeiten bestehen. Für die Mehrzahl der verbleibenden Beschäftigten in der industriellen …

Fostering Low-Income Homeownership: A Longitudinal Randomized Experiment On Individual Development Accounts, Michal Grinstein-Weiss, Jung-Sook Lee, Johanna K.P. Greeson, Chang-Keun Han, Yeong H. Yeo, Kate Irish

Johanna K.P. Greeson, PhD, MSS, MLSP

For low-income families, homeownership represents an important strategy for promoting long-term social and economic development. Individual Development Account (IDA) programs facilitate saving toward assets such as a home through matching, financial education, and case management. Using longitudinal experimental data from the American Dream Demonstration, this study examines the impact of IDA participation on homeownership rates and on clearing old debts. Low-income participants were interviewed after 18 months (Wave 2) and after program completion at 48 months (Wave 3). Logistic regression results indicate that among those who were renters at baseline, IDA participation significantly increases the clearing of old debts at …