Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Teong Negeri: Sakralitas Identitas Lokal Masyarakat Negeri Adat Di Maluku Tengah, Revaldo Pravasta Julian Mb Salakory

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

This article discusses the sacredness of Teong Negeri in the life of the indigenous people in Maluku. Teong Negeri is seen as a symbol of the customary state in Central Maluku, among others, Negeri Haya, Hatu, Tehua and Wassu and has a function in maintaining the socio-cultural network. the four states of Pela Gandong Negeri Haya, Hatu, Tehua and Wassu use Teong Negeri as a daily greeting. It can be seen that Teong Negeri is a sacred symbol for the four states of pela gandong because in addition to being a symbol of identity that is able to integrate each …

Krakatau On Fire, The Disaster Of 1883 In Dutch Colonial Literature: A Postcolonial Approach, Rick Honings

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

In 1883, the volcano Krakatau erupted and collapsed, causing the deaths of tens of thousands. The eruption was one of the first disasters to take place beyond the Dutch boundaries that received so much attention in the Netherlands. Although the disaster appealed to the imagination, it barely led to the publication of fiction. Only in Dutch Indies youth literature can one find something about the Krakatau. In this article, four Dutch stories and novels are analysed: “Stories of the moon” by Nellie van Kol-Porreij, The hermit of Rakata or Krakatau on fire by Robert Michael Ballantyne, “Nine Months on Krakatau” …

Revisiting Ethnicity In Southeast Asia, Dewi Hermawati Resminingayu

Paradigma: Jurnal Kajian Budaya

To explain ethnicity, scholars have come to an endless discussion providing a wide spectrum of ethnicity throughout the world. Various perspectives have been suggested to comprehend the notion of ethnicity. To this point, there are three most well-known perspectives to explain this term, namely primordialism, instrumentalism, and constructivism approach. Most scholars commonly apply one approach to dissect a case study related to ethnicity. Few have ombined two approaches, for each approach seems to contradict one another. However, this paper suggests that those three approaches can be simultaneously applied if critically used to discern certain case studies related to ethnicity in …

السعادة في مساعدة الغير, Ruba Chaarani

Al Jinan الجنان

إن هذه الدراسة لم تكن لتبحث في دلالات السعادة كلها، فهي شاملة والغوص فيها يتطلب مناقشة مواضيع واسعة، حار فيها كبار الفلاسفة والعلماء، فاقتصرت فقط على تناول مؤشر أرشد إليه الله عزّ وجلّ وفقه سرّه كبار الرجال عبر التاريخ، هو فن المساعدة وخدمة الغير.

هدف البحث إلى إلقاء الضوء على فنون السعادة ولاسيّما فن مساعدة الغير بأبعاده المتمثلة في العطاء، المساعدة والعفو.

وقد استخدم المنهج التحليلي حيث تمّ التنقيب عن دلالات السعادة والوقوف عند أشهرها في مجال مساعدة الغير وتحليل المعطيات وبناء هيكلية عملية تضمن سعادة المساعد لغيره.

وخلص البحث إلى نتائج عدة أولاها:

تحددت أوجه السعادة في الرضا، الحب، …

Automating Autism: Disability, Discourse, And Artificial Intelligence, Os Keyes

The Journal of Sociotechnical Critique

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems shift to interact with new domains and populations, so does AI ethics: a relatively nascent subdiscipline that frequently concerns itself with questions of “fairness” and “accountability.” This fairness-centred approach has been criticized for (amongst other things) lacking the ability to address discursive, rather than distributional, injustices. In this paper I simultaneously validate these concerns, and work to correct the relative silence of both conventional and critical AI ethicists around disability, by exploring the narratives deployed by AI researchers in discussing and designing systems around autism. Demonstrating that these narratives frequently perpetuate a dangerously dehumanizing model …

Ishi, Briet's Antelope, And The Documentality Of Human Documents, Martin I. Nord

Proceedings from the Document Academy

Ishi, the “last wild Indian in North America,” was “discovered” in 1911 and spent the last years of his life living in an anthropology museum. There he was studied by anthropologists and viewed by the public as a living exhibit. In this paper, I take some initial steps in arguing that Ishi, the person, became a document to most people. The similarities between Ishi and Suzanne Briet’s hypothetical antelope, newly discovered and placed in a zoo, are eerie. Ishi, like the antelope, is brought into public knowledge as both an initial document and a wide variety of secondary documents derived …

Animals In Drama And Theatrical Performance: Anthropocentric Emotionalism, Peta Tait

Animal Studies Journal

This article outlines how nonhuman animals are framed by the emotions of drama, theatre and contemporary performance and considers a distinctive tradition in western culture of enacting animal characters who function as surrogate humans. It argues that, contradictorily, while animal characters confirm anthropocentric emotionalism, drama also contains pro-animal values and concern for animal welfare. Animals embodying emotions in theatrical languages are part of the way animals are used in the traditions of western culture and to think and philosophize with, but they also indicate thinking about the emotions in theatrical performance. The article considers if, however, staging living animals can …

“How Could You Even Ask That?”: Moral Considerability, Uncertainty And Vulnerability In Social Robotics, Alexis Elder

The Journal of Sociotechnical Critique

When it comes to social robotics (robots that engage human social responses via “eyes” and other facial features, voice-based natural-language interactions, and even evocative movements), ethicists, particularly in European and North American traditions, are divided over whether and why they might be morally considerable. Some argue that moral considerability is based on internal psychological states like consciousness and sentience, and debate about thresholds of such features sufficient for ethical consideration, a move sometimes criticized for being overly dualistic in its framing of mind versus body. Others, meanwhile, focus on the effects of these robots on human beings, arguing that psychological …

Autonomous Vehicles And The Ethical Tension Between Occupant And Non-Occupant Safety, Jason Borenstein, Joseph Herkert, Keith Miller

The Journal of Sociotechnical Critique

Given that the creation and deployment of autonomous vehicles is likely to continue, it is important to explore the ethical responsibilities of designers, manufacturers, operators, and regulators of the technology. We specifically focus on the ethical responsibilities surrounding autonomous vehicles that these stakeholders have to protect the safety of non-occupants, meaning individuals who are around the vehicles while they are operating. The term “non-occupants” includes, but is not limited to, pedestrians and cyclists. We are particularly interested in how to assign moral responsibility for the safety of non-occupants when autonomous vehicles are deployed in a complex, land-based transportation system.

Damnatio Memoriae: On Deleting The East From Western History, Koert Debeuf

New England Journal of Public Policy

The story we read in books about the Renaissance tells us that Petrarch and Poggio rediscovered the books of antiquity that had been copied for centuries in medieval abbeys. The re-introduction of Greek science and philosophy, however, began in the twelfth century but occurred mainly in the thirteenth century. These works were first translated into Syriac and Arabic in the eighth and ninth centuries and stored in the House of Wisdom in Baghdad. There they were read, used, and commented on by Arab philosophers, of whom the most famous was Averroes (1126–1198), who lived in Cordoba. The translation of his …

Perceived Benefits And Barriers To Participation In Exercise Among Jordanian University Students, Khaldoun Hamdan

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

Insufficient physical activity is a risk factor for many non-communicable diseases, therefore; the purpose of this study is to examine university students’ perceived exercise benefits and barriers. This cross-sectional descriptive study used Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale to examine perceived benefits and barriers to exercise among a convenience sample of 517 university students in Jordan. Participants reported significantly higher perceived barriers to exercise than perceived benefits from exercise. The most important perceived barrier to exercise was “I am too embarrassed to exercise”. Moreover, “I will live longer if I exercise” and “exercising increases being accepted by others” were the most important perceived …

Project Management: A Help Or Hindrance A Collaborative Research, Ayman Abu-Rumman

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

This small-scale mixed method study explored perceptions of how different project management approaches and tools are used by those working in industry and within academia, and how this may impact on collaborative research projects given their distinct and unique nature. The study also aimed to generate suggestions for how collaboration between industry and academia could be strengthened in the future. Underpinned by a phenomenological perspective, a survey and interviews were conducted with a sample of Jordanian professionals from different industry and academic organisations who had previous experience of working on collaborative research projects. The study identified, consistent with other studies, …

Build A Job Satisfaction Scale From The Views Of Aau Academic Staff In According With The Item Response Theory, Mohammed Marshoud

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

The study aimed to build a job satisfaction scale from the views of AAU academic staff in according with the item response theory, where the population study consisted of all academic members at Al-Ahliyya Amman University (AAU) for the year (2018/2017), and they approximately reach (257) academic members, the sample consisted of (154) academic members, which constituted 60 of the original study population, (92) males and (62) females who were randomly selected. The study tool was designed and built based on theoretical literature and scales on measuring job satisfaction at universities. the study tool consisted of (60) items which were …

The Level Teachers’ Knowledge In Public Education For Learning Disabilities Students In Regards Of Variables In Kuwait, Ahmad Saeedy

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

Knowledge, Teachers, learning difficulties, Kuwait, Training Experience

Review Of The Curving Techniques To Evaluate University Test Scores: A Critical And Analytical Study, Afif Rahma, Sophie Barguil

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

This study presents a critical review of the proposed mathematical methods for curving students scores. Through the presentation of these methods, the study attempts to ask key questions such as: the causes of dispersion in the tests results, the criteria and principles on which the curving methods are based, the limits of application of these methods. The study also attempts to examine the role of the cognitive level of the student, the subjective factors related to the process of learning and teaching, the conditions of admission and registration in the university programs, and the impact of the above on the …

The Impact Of Using The Electronic Barcode Test Via Smartphone In The Achievement Of The Graduate Students In The Achievement Of The Graduate Students In The Faculty Of Educational Sciences At Amman Arab University And Their Attitudes Towards It., Jehad Almomani, Moen Alnasraween

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of using barcode via smartphone in the achievement of graduate students in the Faculty of Educational Sciences at Amman Arab University and their attitudes towards it. The sample of this study is consisted of (63 male and female students studying the statistics in the scientific research course at the Faculty of Educational Sciences in the second semester of the academic year (2018-2019). The sample was selected in an intentional manner and it was divided randomly into two groups; one is experimental and the other one is control. To achieve the goal of this …

Human Resources Planning And Its Effect On The Application Of Total Quality Management Of Jazan University, Zakyeh Arishi, Ikhlas Altarawneh

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

This study aims to examinethe effect of Human Resources Planning on the application of Total Quality Management at Jazan University. It aims to demonstrate the actuality of Human Resources Planning practices and process the application of Total Quality Management in Jazan University. The study adopts the descriptive analytical approach by using self-administrated questionnaire as a data collection method. The questionnaire was distributed to a convenient proper sample out of (100) top management level at human resources officials, and quality officials in Colleges of Arts and Sciences in Al-Ardha and Samtah, College of Education in-Arts Departments in Sabya, Academic Institution for …

Goal Orientation Driving To Study By The Students Institute Science And Technical Physical And Sports Activities In Souk Ahras University, Algeria, Bensayah Samir

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

The purpose of the study was to know the level of goal orientation Driving to study by the students of institute science and technical physical and sports activities in Souk Ahras University, as the differences between them according to the variables of the sex, the level of study and the specialty. For that, the researcher used the descriptive analytical method and has distributed a questionnaire (Elliot & Charch 1997) to a simple of 72 students, then he statistically treated the results using the software spss. We found that students have a high level goal orientation and that there are no …

Harmonization Between The Outputs Of Community Colleges And The Labor Market In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia /Community College In Hafr Al-Batin As A Sample Model, Leena Alkhlewi

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

This study aims to provide a methodology proposed to achieve harmonizing between the Graduates of community colleges and the Saudi labor market needs. The researcher uses the descriptive survey method. A questionnaire is made to collect credible and acceptable data, whose basic study sample is faculty members in Community Service College in Hafr Al-Batin, which are 32 members. Researcher has got 26 answers, and this study has been applied during academic year 2018G, 1439H. the most prominent results are that there is a high degree agreement of harmonizing between theoretical and applied courses, and that courses of Community College in …

The Degree Of Commitment Of The Faculty Members In The Faculty Of Arts And Sciences In Al-Ahliyya Amman University To The Basic Rules In Building Objective Tests, Attributed To Some Variables, Awnieh Sawalha, Asmaa Al Omary

Al-Balqa Journal for Research and Studies البلقاء للبحوث والدراسات

This study aimed to determine the degree of commitment among faculty members of the Art and Science faculty at Al Ahliyya Amman University to the basic rules in the construction of objective tests of 4 various types; true or false, filling the blank, multiple choice questions, comparison question. And weather the commitment degree is affected by different variables like years of experience and speciality. The study sample consisted of 41 faculty members, who were chosen intentionally from different specialties in the art and science faculty of the 2017/2018 academic year. The researchers developed a tool to measure the degree of …

Notes From The Editor, Rory J. Conces

International Dialogue

Notes from International Dialogue's Editor-in-Chief, Rory J. Conces for Volume 10.

Aspects Of Counterterrorism: New Approaches To Countering Terrorism: Designing And Evaluating Counter-Radicalization And De-Radicalization Programs; Hacking Isis: How To Destroy The Cyber Jihad; Inside Al-Shabaab: The Secret History Of Al-Qaeda’S Most Powerful Ally, Kenneth Christie

International Dialogue

Terrorism and the term ‘jihadism’ have become a global phenomenon, a product of modernity and globalization which shows no sign of abating. The number of radicalized young people in Western and non-Western countries who are willing to travel overseas in the cause of jihad and violent extremism has increased significantly since 9/11. In the 20 years since the largely driven U.S. counter-terrorism efforts began in response, jihadism in force and numbers has risen at least by fourfold in terms of the numbers of Sunni jihadist fighters in the field from the Middle East to North Africa, Afghanistan and beyond according …

Das Emanzipatorische Potenzial Der Performance Art (The Emancipatory Potential Of Peformance Art), Gwyneth Cliver

International Dialogue

Sophia Firgau’s Das Emanzipatorische Potenzial der Performance Art (The Emancipatory Potential of Performance Art) is both a helpful introduction to performance art that could be well employed in both undergraduate and graduate classrooms, and a convincing scholarly argument for the transformative power of performance aesthetics. Firgau defines the genre of performance art, distinguishes it from both theater and public ritual performance, and explains the potential for personal, community, and civic transformation inherent in its formal characteristics. Firgau demonstrates that performance art transforms by crossing a number of conventional formal boundaries—for instance, those separating artist and audience and separating art and …

Das Emanzipatorische Potenzial Der Performance Art (The Emancipatory Potential Of Peformance Art), Gwyneth Cliver

International Dialogue

Sophia Firgaus Das Emanzipatorische Potenzial der Performance Art ist sowohl eine hilfreiche Einführung in die Performance Art, die im universitären Unterricht didaktisch gut anwendbar wäre, als auch ein überzeugendes wissenschaftliches Argument für die transformative Macht der Performanceästhetik. Firgau definiert die Gattung Performance Art, unterscheidet sie von dem Theater sowie dem öffentlichen Ritual und erklärt ihr Verwandlungspotenzial für Individuen, das Gemeinwesen und die Gesellschaft. Firgau zeigt, wie Performance Art transformierend wirkt, indem sie gebräuchliche formale Begrenzungen überschreitet—zum Beispiel, die, die die Künstlerin vom Publikum oder Kunst vom Alltag trennen—und wie sie daher eine Schwellenerfahrung schafft, die emanzipatorisch wirkt, indem sie den …

Being Unfolded: Edith Stein On The Meaning Of Being, Robert Mcnamara

International Dialogue

What is the meaning of being? More concretely, “What do human beings and quarks, ideal geometrical shapes and possible worlds, ‘sickness’ and ‘health’, the number three and gravity all have in common that allows us to say that each of them is?” (xvii). In Being Unfolded, Thomas Gricoski attempts to get to the bottom of this perennially valid question by exploring the question of the meaning of being in one of Edith Stein’s later philosophical works, the phenomenological and Scholastic study, Finite and Eternal Being: An Attempt to Ascend to the Meaning of Being [Endliches und ewiges Sein: Versuch eines …

A Savage Order: How The World’S Deadliest Countries Can Forge A Path To Security, Thomas Manig

International Dialogue

Rachel Kleinfeld studies international conflicts and methods of reducing violence. Previously she published Advancing the Rule of Law Abroad: Next Generation Reform (2012). She is a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. She has advised government officials on problems of international security. Kleinfeld’s new book, A Savage Order: How the World’s Deadliest Countries Can Forge a Path to Security, is characterized by social scientific methodology rather than abstract theorizing. This book disposes of simplistic generalizations, like the belief that violence is inevitable in certain ethnic groups or localities, or the contrary belief that we can end violence …

For A Left Populism, Emma Murphy

International Dialogue

Chantal Mouffe’s brief work For a Left Populism sets out to tackle the issue of how left politics should respond to the global trend towards populism. While elections in recent years have ushered in populist leaders in states ranging from the Philippines to the United States, Mouffe focuses her analysis on Western European populism specifically. Her argument centres on the importance of recovering democracy in an increasingly “post-democratic” world; to successfully radicalise democracy, Mouffe argues, leftists must first reform existing political institutions. While Mouffe makes an original argument for a reclamation of the term ‘populism’ by a leftist audience, the …

The Morals Of The Market: Human Rights And The Rise Of Neoliberalism, Shane Darcy

International Dialogue

There are no doubt human rights advocates who would baulk at the claim that somehow human rights serves to advance the cause of neoliberalism. An important tool for protecting human dignity, advancing equality and supporting demands for justice cannot surely be complicit in the evident harms of neoliberal economic policies? Such harms are increasingly recognized by human rights practitioners, including non-governmental organizations and United Nations experts. To take a recent example, Philip Alston, the Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, described on a country visit to Spain in February 2020, how the country’s self-image as “a close family-based …

When Montezuma Met Cortes: The True History Of The Meetings That Changed History, Maria S. Arbeláez

International Dialogue

November 8 of 1519, Moctezuma II, Mexica Tlatoani, the “one who speaks,” leader and emperor, and Hernan Cortes, head of the invading Spanish military force, met on what currently is downtown Mexico City. A memorial plaque marks the site of the meeting alongside a colonial church and the remnants of a hospital. There is a tile picture with a representation of the event. The Spanish conquest of Mexico and the fall of Tenochtitlan is one of the most studied and controversial episodes in the history of Mexico and the Americas. It is a story never settled. Matthew Restall's book is …

Table Of Contents, Rory J. Conces

International Dialogue

Table of Contents for Volume 10