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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Food Safety: What Is Economists’ Value Added?, Julie Caswell
Food Safety: What Is Economists’ Value Added?, Julie Caswell
Julie Caswell
Economists are contributing to the food safety arena by analyzing demand for food safety, the consumer level benefits of improved food safety, the costs and benefits to companies from quality assurance for food safety, and the benefits and costs of government regulations aimed at improving food safety. In the food safety area, too much attention has been paid to risk assessment and not enough to risk management. Economists have a very important role to play in improving private and public risk management in areas such as pathogen reduction, use of traceability, and biotechnology.
Information Policy And Genetically Modified Food: Weighing The Benefits And Costs, Mario F. Teisl, Julie A. Caswell
Information Policy And Genetically Modified Food: Weighing The Benefits And Costs, Mario F. Teisl, Julie A. Caswell
PERI Working Papers
The labeling of genetically modified foods (GMFs) is the topic of a debate that could dramatically alter the structure of the U.S. and international food industry. The current lack of harmonization of policy across countries makes GMF labeling an international trade issue. The U.S. and Canada do not require GMFs to be labeled unless the GMF is significantly different than the conventional food or the GMF presents a health concern. However, many other countries are requiring GMFs to be labeled. This paper discusses empirical work on the sources and magnitude of benefits and costs from labeling programs, with particular emphasis …
A Tale Of Two Clams: Policy Anticipation And Industry Productivity, Sylvia Brandt
A Tale Of Two Clams: Policy Anticipation And Industry Productivity, Sylvia Brandt
PERI Working Papers
Sound environmental regulation must achieve environmental objectives while maximizing economic efficiency. This paper evaluates the impact of regulation on efficiency by measuring annual productivity across regulatory regimes in two similar fisheries with differing policy expectations. Anticipation of regulatory change produced strategic behavior in one fishery, leading to depressed productivity; in the other, regulatory change was not expected, and productivity did not suffer. These results imply that fisheries regulation should take into account both firms’ policy expectations and the potentially perverse incentives that may be created by policy change.
The Impact Of Reforming Wheat Importing State-Trading Enterprises On The Quality Of Wheat Imported, Nathalie Lavoie
The Impact Of Reforming Wheat Importing State-Trading Enterprises On The Quality Of Wheat Imported, Nathalie Lavoie
PERI Working Papers
Recent surveys of wheat importers indicate that countries that import wheat via a state-trading enterprise (STE) are less sensitive to quality issues in import decision-making than countries that import wheat through private traders. This study examines conceptually and empirically the impact of the deregulation of wheat imports on the quality and source of wheat imports.
A Comparison Of Cheap Talk And Alternative Certainty Calibration Techniques In Contingent Valuation, Mihail Samnaliev, Thomas Stevens, Thomas More
A Comparison Of Cheap Talk And Alternative Certainty Calibration Techniques In Contingent Valuation, Mihail Samnaliev, Thomas Stevens, Thomas More
PERI Working Papers
A field test of cheap talk and two types of certainty calibration in contingent valuation of public lands indicated that cheap talk does not reduce WTP estimates. Use of a ten point certainty calibration scale reduces WTP estimates by about half. However, adjusting for uncertainty using a ‘Not Sure’ option does not reduce WTP estimates but increases the variance in responses. There may be a conceptual difference between these two ways of accounting for respondents’ uncertainty, which may suggest why they provide different WTP value estimates and variances.
Survey Instrument For Case Studies Of Food Safety Innovation, Elisabete Salay, Julie A. Caswell, Tanya Roberts
Survey Instrument For Case Studies Of Food Safety Innovation, Elisabete Salay, Julie A. Caswell, Tanya Roberts
PERI Working Papers
Firms innovate to prevent the presence of microbial pathogens in foods and to address other safety problems. To date, studies on the economics of food safety innovation are relatively rare. We designed a series of case studies of such innovation in the meat industry. Our objectives were to identify and analyze different types of innovation, the drivers of innovation, the mode of innovation development, and the impact of innovation on food safety and firm performance. Here we present the survey instrument developed to conduct the case studies. This instrument can be applied, with minor modifications to reflect research objectives, to …
Evaluating Tradable Property Rights For Natural Resources: The Role Of Strategic Entry And Exit, Sylvia Brandt
Evaluating Tradable Property Rights For Natural Resources: The Role Of Strategic Entry And Exit, Sylvia Brandt
PERI Working Papers
This paper presents an econometric approach to the evaluation of environmental regulation using tradable property rights. Existing empirical research on this issue, which compares overall industry efficiency before and after the introduction of new regulations, conflates two distinct phenomena: efficiency changes due to exit of excess capital, and changes in the efficiency of individual firms. Because the regulatory process induces firms of different types to enter and exit the industry at different rates, the true efficiency and equity effects of tradable property rights cannot be assessed without correcting for these changes in sample composition. This paper examines the impact of …
A Meta-Analysis Of Hypothetical Bias In Stated Preference Valuation, James J. Murphy, Geoffrey Allen, Thomas H. Stevens, Darryl Weatherhead
A Meta-Analysis Of Hypothetical Bias In Stated Preference Valuation, James J. Murphy, Geoffrey Allen, Thomas H. Stevens, Darryl Weatherhead
PERI Working Papers
Individuals are widely believed to overstate their economic valuation of a good by a factor of two or three. This paper reports the results of a meta-analysis of hypothetical bias in 28 stated preference valuation studies that report monetary willingness-to-pay and that used the same mechanism for eliciting both hypothetical and actual values. The papers generated 83 observations with a median value of the ratio of hypothetical to actual value of 1.35, and the distribution has severe positive skewness. Since a comprehensive theory of hypothetical bias has not been developed, we use a set of explanatory variables based on issues …
Mechanisms For Addressing Third Party Impacts Resulting From Voluntary Water Transfers, James J. Murphy, Ariel Dinar, Richard E. Howitt, Erin Mastrangelo, Stephen J. Rassenti, Vernon L. Smith
Mechanisms For Addressing Third Party Impacts Resulting From Voluntary Water Transfers, James J. Murphy, Ariel Dinar, Richard E. Howitt, Erin Mastrangelo, Stephen J. Rassenti, Vernon L. Smith
PERI Working Papers
This paper uses laboratory experiments to test alternative water market institutions designed to protect third party interests. The institutions tested include taxing mechanisms that raise revenue to compensate affected third parties and a market in which third parties actively participate. The results indicate that there are some important trade-offs in selecting a policy option. Active third party participation in the market is likely to result in free riding that may erode some or all of the efficiency gains, and may introduce volatility into the market. Taxing transfers and compensating third parties offers a promising balance of efficiency, equity and market …
Production Of Chlorofluorocarbons In Anticipation Of The Montreal Protocol, Maximilian Auffhammer, Bernard J. Morzuch, John K. Stranlund
Production Of Chlorofluorocarbons In Anticipation Of The Montreal Protocol, Maximilian Auffhammer, Bernard J. Morzuch, John K. Stranlund
PERI Working Papers
Anticipation of an International Environmental Agreement provides an incentive for countries to change their production behavior prior to negotiations in order to gain a favorable bargaining position. Increased historical production figures at the time of negotiations may influence the magnitude of the baseline from which cutbacks will be specified. In this paper we empirically measure the magnitude of such strategic production behavior in the case of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer of 1987. Due to data limitations we specify a two player Nash-Cournot game between the United States and the rest of the world. We …