Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Technologies For The Control Of Heat And Light In The Vézère Valley Aurignacian, Randall White, Romain Mensan, Amy E. Clark, Elise Tartar, Laurent Marquer, Raphaelle Bourrillon, Paul Goldberg, Laurent Chiotti, Catherine Cretin, William Rendu, Anne Pike-Tay, Sarah Ranlett

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

We can trace the beginnings of our knowledge of early Upper Paleolithic (Aurignacian) use of fire to the pioneering 1910-1911 excavations at Abri Blanchard undertaken by Louis Didon and Marcel Castanet. At Blanchard, the excavators recognized and described fire structures that correspond in many ways to features excavated more recently in Western and Central Europe. Here, we address the issue of heat and light management in the early Upper Paleolithic, demonstrating a pattern that builds on these early excavations but that is refined through our recent field operations. Topics to be discussed include (1) recently excavated fire structures that suggest …

The Use Of Immobilised Metal Affinity Chromatography (Imac) To Compare Expression Of Copper-Binding Proteins In Control And Copper-Exposed Marine Microalgae, Cassandra L. Smith, Jenny L. Stauber, Mark R. Wilson, Dianne F. Jolley

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Toxicity of metals to aquatic organisms is dependent on both external factors, such as exposure concentration and water quality parameters, and intracellular processes including specific metal-binding sites and detoxification. Current models used to predict copper toxicity in microalgae do not adequately consider these intracellular processes. This study compared the copper-binding proteins from four species of marine microalgae, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Tetraselmis sp., Phaedactylum tricornutum and Ceratoneis closterium, in controls (no added copper) and following a 72-h exposure to copper (sufficient to inhibit growth by approximately 50 %). Cells were lysed by sonication, which was optimised to obtain 54–94 % cell rupture …

Evaluating A New Infection Prevention And Control Programme (Ipcp): Tool Development And Use In The Republic Of Kiribati, P-A Zimmerman, H Yeatman, M Jones, H Murdoch

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Abstract of poster presentation that presented at the 2nd International Conference on Prevention and Infection Control (ICPIC 2013), Geneva, Switzerland, 25-28 June 2013.

Displacement Plethysmographs For Measuring Limb Segment Blood Flow (Forearm, Hand, Calf, Foot) With Independent Control Over Local Skin Temperature: A Project For An Older Tool, Joanne N. Caldwell Odgers, David J. R Hoyle, Nigel A.S Taylor

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Measuring cutaneous blood flow is an essential building block for understanding thermoeffector responses to changes in central and peripheral tissue temperatures. Under thermoneutral conditions, skin blood flow modifications are the primary pathway for heat exchange. Outside this zone, flow changes provide information pertaining to the thermoregulatory control mechanisms that modulate vasomotor tone. Whilst there are numerous methods available for measuring regional blood flow in humans, the most common method for evaluating the cutaneous flow is via venous-occlusion plethysmography, which has been used for over a century (an older tool), with strain-gauge plethysmographs being most commonly used today.

Diabetes And Cognitive Deficits In Chronic Schizophrenia: A Case-Control Study, Mei Han, Xu-Feng Huang, Da Chun Chen, Meihong Xiu, Thomas R. Kosten, Xiang Yang Zhang

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Cognitive impairment occurs in both schizophrenia and diabetes. There is currently limited understanding whether schizophrenia with diabetes has more serious cognitive deficits than schizophrenia without diabetes or diabetes only. This study assessed cognitive performance in 190 healthy controls, 106 diabetes only, 127 schizophrenia without diabetes and 55 schizophrenia with diabetes. This study was conducted from January 2008 to December 2010. Compared to healthy controls, all patient groups had significantly decreased total and five index RBANS scores (all p<0.01-p

Experiences Of Kenyan Healthcare Workers Providing Services To Men Who Have Sex With Men: Qualitative Findings From A Sensitivity Training Programme, Elise M. Van Der Elst, Evans Gichuru, Anisa Omar, Jennifer Kanungi, Zoe Duby, Miriam Midoun, Sylvia Shangani, Susan M. Graham, Adrian D. Smith, Eduard J. Sanders, Don Operario

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Introduction

Men who have sex with men (MSM) in Kenya are at high risk for HIV and may experience prejudiced treatment in health settings due to stigma. An on-line computer-facilitated MSM sensitivity programme was conducted to educate healthcare workers (HCWs) about the health issues and needs of MSM patients.

Methods

Seventy-four HCWs from 49 ART-providing health facilities in the Kenyan Coast were recruited through purposive sampling to undergo a two-day MSM sensitivity training. We conducted eight focus group discussions (FGDs) with programme participants prior to and three months after completing the training programme. Discussions aimed to characterize HCWs’ challenges in …

The Association Between Job Demands/Control And Health In Employed Parents: The Mediating Role Of Work-To-Family Interference And Enhancement, Christopher A. Magee, Natalie Stefanic, Peter Caputi, Donald C. Iverson

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

"This paper examined whether work-to-family interference (WFI) and work-to-family enhancement (WFE) mediated the association between job demands/control and self-reported mental and physical health. Data were from the Household, Income and Labor Dynamics in Australia survey and included 1,404 Australian adults aged 18-64 years at baseline; 820 participants provided data at three time points (baseline, 12-month follow-up, and 24-month follow-up). Self-report questionnaires assessed mental and physical health, WFI and WFE, and job demands/control. Mediation analyzes performed on the longitudinal data indicated that WFI mediated the relationships between job demands/control and self-reported mental and physical health. The findings have implications for improving …

Functional Connectivity In Brain Networks Underlying Cognitive Control In Chronic Cannabis Users, Ian H. Harding, Nadia Solowij, Ben J. Harrison, Michael Takagi, Valentina Lorenzetti, Dan I. Lubman, Marc L. Seal, Christos Pantelis, Murat Yucel

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The long-term effect of regular cannabis use on brain function underlying cognitive control remains equivocal. Cognitive control abilities are thought to have a major role in everyday functioning, and their dysfunction has been implicated in the maintenance of maladaptive drug-taking patterns. In this study, the Multi-Source Interference Task was employed alongside functional magnetic resonance imaging and psychophysiological interaction methods to investigate functional interactions between brain regions underlying cognitive control. Current cannabis users with a history of greater than 10 years of daily or near-daily cannabis smoking (n=21) were compared with age, gender, and IQ-matched non-using controls (n=21). No differences in …

A Meta-Analysis Of Response Inhibition And Stroop Interference Control Deficits In Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury (Tbi), Aneta Dimoska-Di Marco, Skye Mcdonald, Michelle Kelly, Robyn Tate, Stuart Johnstone

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Histamine H1 Receptor Agonist And Control Of Olanzapine-Induced Obesity, Jiamei Lian, Xu-Feng Huang, N Pai, C Deng

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Unravelling Some Of The Complexities Concerning The Neural Control Of Human Eccrine Sweating, Christiano A. Machado-Moreira, Peter L. Mclennan, Stephen Lillioja, Joanne N. Caldwell, Wilko Van Dijk, Nigel A. S Taylor

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The widely accepted, though not unequivocal, opinion concerning thermal and psychological (psychogenic) seating is tha the former is cholinergically mediated (Dale & Feldberg, 1934), while the latter is of noradrenergic origin (Robertshaw, 1977). Moreover, psychological sweating is thought to be elicited by a different neural centre (Ogawa, 1975), possibly through separate pathways (Chalmers & Keele, 1952) that exclusively innervate the glabrous (non-hairy) skin of the hands and feet (Darow, 1937, Kuno, 1956, Ogawa, 1975). Evidence for the cholinergic modulation of thermal sweating is incontrovertible. However, evidence supporting the theoretical control of psychological sweating is less than convincing. Following observations of …

Does Lower Limb Neuromuscular Control Differ During Side-Step And Split-Step Cutting Manoeuvres?, Bridget J. Munro, Grant Trewartha, Julie R. Steele

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

During side-step cutting, all the monitored muscles were recruited simultaneously reflecting co-contraction. Conversely, during split-step cutting, rectus femoris was initially recruited, followed by synchronous vastii and medial hamstrings onset and then lateral hamstring muscle onset. Although there were subtle differences in onset, the hamstrings ceased activity earlier than the quadriceps muscles in both cutting manoeuvres. Paired t-tests indicated that vastus medialis displayed a significantly (p < 0.02) earlier onset in the side-step compared to the split-step and rectus femoris displayed significantly (p = 0.05) longer burst duration in the split-step compared to the side-step. Whether these altered neuromuscular patterns are protective to the knee during split-step cutting manoeuvres, perhaps due to reduced anterior drawer, warrants further investigation. However, should the neuromuscular patterns observed in the split-step protect the ACL from injury, research should also investigate whether split-step cutting manoeuvres display any performance detriment compared to side-step cutting manoeuvres.

Intensive Versus Conventional Glucose Control In Critically Ill Patients, S Finfer, R Bellomi, D Blair, S Y-S Su, D Foster, V Dhingra, D Cook, P Dodek, W R. Henderson, P C. Hebert, D K. Heyland, C Mcarthur, E Mcdonald, I Mitchell, J A. Myburgh, R Nor-Ton, J Potte, Blake Robinson

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Background The optimal target range for blood glucose in critically ill patients remains unclear. Methods Within 24 hours after admission to an intensive care unit(ICU), adults who were expected to require treatment in the ICU on 3 or more consecutive days were randomly assigned to undergo either intensive glucose control, with a target blood glucose range of 81 to 108 mg per deciliter(4.5 to 6.0 mmol per liter), or conventional glucose control, with a target of 180 mg or less per deciliter(10.0 mmol or less per liter). We defined the primary end point as death from any cause within 90 …

Stroke And Plasma Markers Of Milk Fat Intake - A Prospective Nested Case-Control Study, Bengt Vessby, Eva M. Warensjo, Goran Hallmans, Lars Weinehall, Ingegerd Johansson, Birgitta Stegmayr, Annika Smedman

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background

Dairy products are high in saturated fat and are traditionally a risk factor for vascular diseases. The fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0 of plasma lipids are biomarkers of milk fat intake. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk of a first-ever stroke in relation to the plasma milk fat biomarkers.

Methods

A prospective case-control study was nested within two population based health surveys in Northern Sweden. Among 129 stroke cases and 257 matched controls, plasma samples for fatty acid analyses were available in 108 cases and 216 control subjects. Proportions of 15:0 and 17:0 of …

Interference Control In Children With Ad/Hd: An Erp And Behavioural Analysis, Sarah Opychane, Stuart J. Johnstone

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

An Evaluation Of A Life-Coaching Group Program: Initial Findings From A Waitlist Control Study, Suzy Green, Lindsay G. Oades, Anthony M Grant

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Life coaching has grown substantially in the last few years and received considerable media coverage worldwide (Rock, 2001). However, there have been few empirical investigations into its efficacy (Grant, 2003). The study outlined in this chapter aims to add to this limited empirical base.

Estimated Intake Of Milk Fat Is Negatively Associated With Cardiovascular Risk Factors And Does Not Increase The Risk Of A First Acute Myocardial Infarction. A Prospective Case-Control Study, Eva Warensjo, Jan-Hakan Jansson, Lars Berglund, Kurt Boman, Bo Ahren, Lars Weinehall, Bernt Lindahl, Goran Hallmans, Bengt Vessby

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Milk fat is high in saturated fatty acids (SFA) and high intakes of SFA are associated with cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the potential risk of a first-ever acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in relation to the estimated milk-fat intake, reflected as the proportions of pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0) in serum lipid esters. This was evaluated in a study population selected within the Västerbotten Intervention Program and the northern Sweden ‘Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular disease’ survey populations. A prospective case–control design was used. The proportions of the biomarkers …

Relative Bias In Diet History Measurements: A Quality Control Technique For Dietary Intervention Trials, Gina S. Martin, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Kenneth G. Russell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: Investigation of relative bias in diet history measurement during dietary intervention trials.

Design: Retrospective analysis of human dietary data from two randomised controlled trials examining modified fat diets in the prevention and treatment of type II diabetes mellitus.

Setting: Wollongong, Australia.

Subjects: Thirty-five overweight, otherwise healthy subjects in trial 1 and 56 subjects with diabetes in trial 2.

Interventions: Diet history interviews and three-day weighed food records administered at one-month intervals in trial 1 and three-month intervals in trial 2.

Results: In a cross-sectional bias analysis, graphs of the association between bias and mean dietary intake showed that bias …

Aids: Implications To Society And Approaches To Control, Robert W. Sidwell

Faculty Honor Lectures

It is perhaps a measure of today's society that a new disease of potentially world-wide implication does not gain national or international attention until a famous person contracts it. This was particularly seen with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) when it became known that Rock Hudson of movie and TV acclaim was dying of it. By the time the celebrated pianist and entertainer Liberace died of AIDS, the various public health agencies around the world had begun to focus on the problem, and enormous sums of money were being committed toward its control. Today, more U.s. dollars are budgeted for AIDS …