Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Changing Composition And Capacity Of Medicare Providers, 2012-2015, Xinxin Han, Clese Elaine Erikson, Qian Luo

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Objective: Over the past decade, U.S. medical school enrollment has increased nearly 30 percent, and the growth in mid-level new graduates was even faster. Many of these new graduates are currently serving the large and growing Medicare population. Yet, little evidence so far has documented the workforce that are serving Medicare population. In the anticipation of physician supply shortages, it is important to understand who are taking care of Medicare population recently, and whether there are changes in the overall capacity and patient risk profiles of Medicare providers.

Methods: Data were from 2012-2015 Medicare Physician and Other Supplier Aggregate Tables …

(Video) Barriers To Implementing Advance Care Planning In The Healthcare Setting, Dona Occhipinti, Matias Attene Ramos

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Objectives: Current barriers to implementing Advanced Care Planning (ACP) will be examined as applied to the healthcare system.

Methods: A literature review was performed looking at the current practices of ACP (e.g. filling out advanced directives (AD), Medical Orders for Life Sustaining Treatment (MOLST)/ Physician Orders for Life Sustaining Treatment (POLST), etc.), physician comfort level with having end-of-life discussion (EOL), successful/unsuccessful interventions to increase ACP/EOL discussions among health care providers (HCP), and the current political environment with respect to physicians’ ability to implement ACP/EOL discussions. Cochrane, Pubmed, and Google Scholar were searched for papers written in English after …

How Collective Norms And Media Use Affect Attitudes About Violence Against Women And Contraception Use In Sub-Saharan Africa, Erica Sedlander, Rajiv N. Rimal

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Background: Contraceptive use and attitudes about violence against women, though enacted at the individual level, are also driven by factors at the interpersonal and social levels. The role of mass media in promoting social norms surrounding these attitudes and behaviors has not received much scholarly attention but can be helpful to illuminate areas for intervention.

Hypothesis: We proposed and tested the hypothesis that collective norms (defined as a groups aggregate behavior or attitudes) would be associated with individual level attitudes (tolerance towards violence against women) and behaviors (contraception use). This relationship was further hypothesized to vary by media use, such …

Reliability Testing Of The Star Rating For Schools (Sr4s) Mobile Application: Results From A Pilot Study, Ashley Hunt, Morag Mackay, Amira Roess

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Globally, approximately 3500 individuals are killed due to a road traffic injury each day, equating to nearly 1.3 million deaths each year and more than a million children are either killed by, or sustain serious injury, from road traffic incidents. School zones are locations where there may be high concentrations of children at certain hours of the day, thereby increasing their exposure to road and pedestrian injuries. The International Road Assessment Programme (iRAP), an NGO established in 2006, developed the Star Ratings measurement system, which is used globally to provide simple, comparable and objective measurements of the built-in safety of …

Improving Adolescents’ Driving Behaviors Through A Personal Narrative-Based Psychosocial Intervention In Serbia, Hagere Yilma, Rajiv Rimal, Nargis Ryskulova

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Objectives: Road traffic crashes continue to be the leading cause of death among adolescents. While males are more vulnerable to crashes than females, driver education interventions are less likely to succeed among males than females. Some studies suggest that stronger optimistic bias and overconfidence bias in males may be the reason for this.

Methods: In a quasi-experiment conducted in Serbia, forty schools were stratified by size and randomly assigned to watch a road traffic safety presentation utilizing personal narratives or to a control arm. Surveys were administered before the intervention (N=1,449) and again six months later (N=1,072). Data was …

Assessing Psychophysiological Effects Of Malodorous Pollutants In Residents Of Leandrinho, Bahia, Brazil: A Pilot Study Using A Whatsapp-Based Questionnaire, Shanell Folger, Courtney Woods, Rita Franco Rego, Carlos Henrique Amaral, Washington Ramos, Amanda Northcross

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Background: Leandrinho is located in the region that is home to the largest industrial chemical complex in the southern hemisphere that covers approximately 49 km². Leandrinho residents have reported experiencing adverse health effects that co-occur during periods of malodor emitted by the petrochemical industry. However, there is currently no tool for the residents to systematically record incidents of malodor. This pilot study assessed the feasibility of using a questionnaire designed through Whatsapp, a text-messaging application commonly used among residents.

Method: Leandrinho residents were randomly recruited to complete a daily questionnaire using either paper (n=24) or Whatsapp (n=24) over …

(Video) Reframing Discourse: Using Brfss Data To Deconstruct Influences Of Parenthood On Depression And Lgbtq+ Mental Health, Kate Luxion

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Introduction: Rates of depression contribute to the mental health epidemic, with parents in the United States considered a population at greater risk. Framing of mental health and depression has remained centered on cisgender, heterosexual identities (cis-heteronormative) despite diversity in family constellations. This presentation looks to reframe and expand the discussion on LGBTQ+ parents, depression, and mental health. The hypotheses tested look first at the differences in depression diagnosis. Second, the number of poor mental health days per month are examined for differences between the subsamples.

Methods: The study reviewed data from the 2014-2016 BRFSS surveys (n=371,268) focused on parents as …

A Survey Of Language Diversity And Communication In Indian Academic Emergency Departments, Rebecca S. Allen, Lalit Narayan, Jay Pandya, Zohray Talib, Katherine A. Douglass

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Background

Communication in the Emergency Department (ED) is particularly important given the acuity of patients and lack of prior medical history. In India, patient care is further complicated by the many spoken languages, the regional differentiation in language and the fact that medical training is primarily delivered in English. Our objective was to document language diversity among clinicians in Indian EDs linked to an international training program and explore issues related to clinician-clinician and clinician-patient communication.

Methodology

A cross-sectional survey of ED clinicians was conducted from May to July 2017. Survey participants were recruited via convenience sampling by a researcher …

Who Is Saying What About Inflammatory Bowel Disease On Twitter?, Ali Khan, Anna Silverman, Anthony Rowe, Samantha Rowe, Matt Tick, Steve Testa, Keri Dodds, Bedoor Alabbas, Marie L. Borum

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Background: With about 330 million active users and its growing media attention globally, Twitter is a powerful tool for conveying information to the general population. There is limited data on the utilization of Twitter for disseminating medical information. This study evaluated messages on Twitter regarding Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).

Methods: Social Feed Manager (SFM; version 1.10.0; GW University, 2017), a software that mines social media platforms, was used to extract information regarding IBD-related tweets and their accounts over a 10-day period. We queried Twitter for terms related to IBD and categorized messages by geographic origin, type of user, and message …

Review Of A Medical Pre-Clinical Curriculum For Competencies In Caring For Patients Who Are Lgbt, Gender Nonconforming, Or Born With Dsd, Nina Abon, Mandi L. Pratt-Chapman

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

This review aimed to assess whether the George Washington University medical, pre-clinical curriculum met any of the Association of American Medical College’s (AAMC) 30 professional competencies to improve health care for people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT), gender nonconforming, or born with disorders of sex development (DSD).

Methods:

Relevant sessions were reviewed based on instructors’ PowerPoint slides, audio recording of sessions (when available), assigned pre-session material, and notes taken by a student. Content and objectives from each session were mapped to corresponding AAMC competencies, and each competency was qualitatively graded as completely met, partially met, or unmet.

Results: …

Victims Or Heroes? How Did Journalists Frame The Ebola Crisis In Liberia?, Tamah Kamlem, Nwanneamaka Ume, Skylar Lisse, Eme Udoh, Jialin Meng

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

The Ebola Virus Disease epidemic in West Africa in 2014 with over 11,000 deaths made headlines worldwide, causing fear and posing a challenge to traditional media, entrusted with the task of reporting about the spread of the disease. Individuals and communities rely on media to obtain health information, including decisions related to disease prevention and behavior to protect their health. Therefore, frames used by the media to report about health emergencies impact public perceptions. Mass media framing during crises has been associated with emotional and behavioral responses that are consistent with the thematic depiction of unfolding events. Moreover, message frames …

A Medical Student Foray Into The Depths Of Public Health: An Exploratory Investigation Toward A Community Dashboard Characterizing The Experiences Of Frailty In Order To Guide Improvement, An Harmanli, Danielle Fahoome, Burton Masem, Ellen Massey, Beverly Lunsford, Joanne Lynn, Elizabeth Cobbs

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

While it is known that there are many shortcomings in the care of the elderly, their rate and impact on the community and the elderly themselves is not well understood. In exploring the possibilities for using existing data and available informants, a dashboard could be created that would enable a geographic community to understand the experience of living with disabilities in old age, to prioritize problems, and to test improvements.

The methods included a literature review to understand what and how easily information could be accessed, gathered, and presented. In regards to literature on data collection, CMS claims data, MDS, …

A Systematic Review Of Coal Fired Power Plant Proximity And Local Socioeconomic Status Trends And Outcomes, Oshane Mcrae, Peter Lapuma

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

Among the significant sources of energy, coal based energy bears the largest share (42%) of the electricity produced in the United States. Already existing coal fired power plants are the largest emitter of carbon dioxide emissions in the United States. Among the cumulative emissions contributed by the industrial sector, significant portions are from coal fired power plants. Coal-fired power plants emit 66% of sulfur oxides, 40% of carbon dioxide, 33% of mercury and 22% of nitrogen oxides in the U.S. and are linked as risk factors to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and other ailments shown to impact environmental and human …

Assessing The Effectiveness Of Partners In Quitting, A Text Message-Based Smoking Cessation Program, Rachael Schoenbrun

GW Research Days 2016 - 2020

This presentation will discuss the implementation of Partners in Quitting, a new text message-based smoking cessation program. It will also provide preliminary data on client engagement rates, program effectiveness, and program challenges. Partners in Quitting is an outreach program that has been implemented at Bread for the City, a large DC hub for free health and social services. Partners in Quitting provides an evidence-based, easily accessible, and comprehensive smoking cessation program to the clients of Bread for the City.