Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Rapid Emergence Of Life Shown By Discovery Of 3,700-Million-Year-Old Microbial Structures, Allen Phillip Nutman, Vickie C. Bennett, Clark R. L Friend, Martin J. Van Kranendonk, Allan Chivas

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Biological activity is a major factor in Earth's chemical cycles, including facilitating CO2 sequestration and providing climate feedbacks. Thus a key question in Earth's evolution is when did life arise and impact hydrosphere-atmosphere-lithosphere chemical cycles? Until now, evidence for the oldest life on Earth focused on debated stable isotopic signatures of 3,800-3,700 million year (Myr)-old metamorphosed sedimentary rocks and minerals1,2 from the Isua supracrustal belt (ISB), southwest Greenland3. Here we report evidence for ancient life from a newly exposed outcrop of 3,700-Myr-old metacarbonate rocks in the ISB that contain 1-4-cm-high stromatolites-macroscopically layered structures produced by microbial communities. The ISB stromatolites …

Food Patterns Of Australian Children Ages 9 To 13 Y In Relation To Ω-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Intake, Setyaningrum Rahmawaty, Philippa Lyons-Wall, Marijka Batterham, Karen Charlton, Barbara J. Meyer

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine food patterns of Australian children ages 9 to 13 y in relation to ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 LCPUFA) intake.

Methods: Secondary analysis was conducted on nationally representative food data of 1110 Australian children ages 9 to 13 y (525 boys and 585 girls) that was obtained using two 24-h recalls. Principle component factor analysis was used to identify food patterns. Discriminant function analysis was used to identify the relationship between the food patterns and total ω-3 LCPUFA intake.

Results: Four major food patterns emerged for each sex. For boys …

Hox Measurements In The Summertime Upper Troposphere Over Europe: A Comparison Of Observations To A Box Model And A 3-D Model, E Regelin, H Harder, M Martinez, D Kubistin, C Tatum Ernest, H Bozem, T Klippel, Z Hosaynali-Beygi, H Fischer, R Sander, P Jockel, R Konigstedt, J Lelieveld

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

In situ airborne measurements of OH and HO2 with the HORUS (HydrOxyl Radical measurement Unit based on fluorescence Spectroscopy) instrument were performed in the summertime upper troposphere across Europe during the HOOVER 2 (HOx OVer EuRope) campaign in July 2007. Complementary measurements of trace gas species and photolysis frequencies were conducted to obtain a broad data set, which has been used to quantify the significant HOx sources and sinks. In this study we compare the in situ measurement of OH and HO2 with simulated mixing ratios from the constrained box model CAABA/MECCA (Chemistry As A Box Model Application/Module Efficiently Calculating …

Re: Food-Frequency Questionnaire For Assessing Long-Chain Ω-3 Fatty-Acid Intake, Barbara Meyer

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

To the Editor: I agree with Kuratko that there is a need for tailored food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), particularly for nutrients that have limited food sources, such as long chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC ω-3 PUFA). Fish are the best food source of LC ω-3 PUFA, and oily fish such as sardines and Atlantic salmon contain approximately 10 times more LC ω-3 PUFA than lean fish, such as fish cakes/patties. Fish oil supplements are also a rich source of LC ω-3 PUFA, but in Australia they only contribute approximately 8% to total LC ω-3 PUFA intake [1]. Other foods, …

Synthesis Of Cephalosporin-3′-Diazeniumdiolates: Biofilm Dispersing No-Donor Prodrugs Activated By Β-Lactamase, Nageshwar Rao Yepuri, Nicolas Barraud, Nasim Shah Mohammadi, Bharat G. Kardak, Staffan Kjelleberg, Scott A. Rice, Michael J. Kelso

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Use of biofilm dispersing NO-donor compounds in combination with antibiotics has emerged as a promising new strategy for treating drug-resistant bacterial biofilm infections. This paper details the synthesis and preliminary evaluation of six cephalosporin-3′-diazeniumdiolates as biofilm-targeted NO-donor prodrugs. Each of the compounds is shown to selectively release NO following reaction with the bacteria-specific enzyme β-lactamase and to trigger dispersion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in vitro.

Improvement In Iodine Status Of Pregnant Australian Women 3 Years After Introduction Of A Mandatory Iodine Fortification Programme, Karen E. Charlton, Heather Yeatman, Erin Brock, Catherine Lucas, Luke Gemming, Alison Goodfellow, Gary Ma

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Introduction In order to address population-level mild iodine deficiency in Australia, a mandatory iodine fortification programme of salt used in bread was introduced in late 2009.

Methods A before–after study was conducted to assess changes in median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) measurements, according to supplement use, in convenience samples of pregnant women attending a public antenatal clinic in a regional area of New South Wales, Australia in 2008 (n = 139), 2011 (n = 147) and 2012 (n = 114). Knowledge and practices related to iodine nutrition were investigated in 2012, using self-administered questionnaires.

Results The mild iodine deficiency confirmed …

Synthesis And Inhibitory Activities At Mglurs Of 3-Alkylated And N-Alkylated Cyclopentyl-Glutamate Analogues, Alison T. Ung, Stephen G. Pyne, Francois Bischoff, Anne S. J Lesage, Brian W. Skelton, Allan H. White

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The conformationally restricted glutamate analogues, 3-alkyl-1-amino-2-cyclopentene-1,3-dicarboxylates and N-alkylated analogues have been prepared in a regioselective and diastereoselective manner. From the biological studies of the 3-alkylated analogues, compound 13b was found to be the most potent antagonist (IC50 7.7 μM) at mGluR2. Amongst the N-alkylated analogues, compound 20 was found to be a partial agonist (EC50 9.5 μM) and as well as an antagonist (IC50 47 μM) at mGluR2.

Assessing Long-Chain Ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Tailored Food-Frequency Questionnaire Is Better, Barbara J. Meyer, Monika Swierk, Ken Russell

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including the long-chain (LC) ω-3 PUFAs, are important for health. The aim was to assess if the Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria Dietary Questionnaire (ACC DQ) accurately determines PUFA intakes compared with the recently validated electronic PUFA food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Forty-one study volunteers were recruited from the local Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. The method of triads was used to determine validity coefficients by comparing the ACC DQ intakes against a 3-d weighed food record and appropriate blood biomarkers (erythrocytes and plasma fatty acids). These validity coefficients were subsequently compared with previously published validity coefficients …

Electrodeposition Of Pyrrole And 3-(4-Tert-Butylphenyl)Thiophene Copolymer For Supercapacitor Applications, Binbin Yue, Caiyun Wang, Pawel Wagner, Yang Yang, Xin Ding, David L. Officer, Gordon G. Wallace

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The electropolymerization of pyrrole (Py), 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)thiophene (TPT) monomer or the mixed Py and TPT monomers on stainless steel mesh substrate were performed in 1 M LiClO4/acetonitrile solution. A much lower potential of 0.75 V was required for the co-electropolymerization of Py and TPT, in sharp contrast to that of 1.20 V for poly(3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)thiophene) (PTPT) formation. The resultant homopolymers and copolymer were characterized with FESEM and FTIR, and assembled into supercapacitors to investigate their electrochemical performances. The copolymer electrode delivered the highest specific capacitance of 291 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1, in comparison with that of …

Determining Rotational Temperatures From The Oh(8-3) Band, And A Comparison With (Oh96-2) Rotational Temperatures At Davis, Antarctica, Frances Phillips, G B. Burns, W J R French, P F B Williams, A R. Klekociuk, R P. Lowe

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Rotational temperatures derived from the OH(8–3) band may vary by ~18K depending on the choice of transition probabilities. This is of concern when absolute temperatures or trends determined in combination with measurements of other hydroxyl bands are important. In this paper, measurements of the OH(8–3) temperature-insensitive Q/P and R/P line intensity ratios are used to select the most appropriate transition probabilities for use with this band. Aurora, airglow and solar and telluric absorption in the OH(8–3) band are also investigated. Water vapour absorption of P₁(4), airglow or auroral contamination of P₁(2) and solar absorption in the …

Intakes And Food Sources Of Omega-6 And Omega-3 Pufa, Barbara J. Meyer, Peter Howe, Janine Lewis, Greg Milligan, Neil Mann, Andrew Sinclair

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Abstract presented at The 2nd Omega Workshop, 30 September 2002, Adelaide, Australia.

Dietary N-3 And N-6 Fatty Acids Alter Avian Metabolism: Molecular-Species Compostiton Of Breast-Muscle Phospholipids, Ronald Newman, Wayne Bryden, Eva Fleck, John R. Ashes, Leonard Storlien, Jeffery A. Downing

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The effects of diets high in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; provided by fish oil), n-6 PUFA (sunflower oil) or in more-saturated fatty acids (tallow) on the distribution of subclasses of choline phospholipids (PC) and ethanolamine phospholipids (PE) from the breast muscle of broiler chickens were examined. Supplementation with the different fatty acids had no effect on the distribution of phospholipid subclasses. Feeding sunflower oil or tallow gave a molecular-species profile similar in both fatty acid subtype and proportion. In the diacyl PC phospholipids, 16: 0–18: 1n-9 and 16: 0–18: 2n-6 accounted for approximately …

Dietary N-3 And N-6 Fatty Acids Alter Avian Metabolism: Metabolism And Abdominal Fat Deposition, Ronald Newman, Wayne Bryden, Eva Fleck, John R. Ashes, William A. Buttemer, Leonard Storlien, Jeffery Downing

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The effects of dietary saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the n-3 and n-6 series on weight gain, body composition and substrate oxidation were investigated in broiler chickens. At 3 weeks of age three groups of chickens (n 30; ten birds per group) were fed the fat-enriched experimental diets for 5 weeks. These diets were isonitrogenous, isoenergetic and contained 208 g protein/kg and 80 g edible tallow, fish oil or sunflower oil/kg; the dietary fatty acid profiles were thus dominated by saturated fatty acids, n-3 PUFA or n-6 PUFA respectively. Resting RQ …