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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 30 of 94
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Economic Impact Of Medical Education Expansion In Nevada: Economic Impact Assessment And Recommended Approach, Tripp Umbach
Economic Impact Of Medical Education Expansion In Nevada: Economic Impact Assessment And Recommended Approach, Tripp Umbach
Lincy Institute Reports and Briefs
In May 2013, The Lincy Institute1 commissioned, Tripp Umbach2 to prepare an economic impact report to show the value of a new, four-year allopathic medical school (hereinafter referred to as the new four-year medical school) in Las Vegas. To accomplish this task, Tripp Umbach evaluated multiple medical school development models in order to recommend the optimal model that would provide the greatest economic impact to the state of Nevada and the Las Vegas Metropolitan area.
The Effect Of Marriage On Stage At Diagnosis And Survival In Women With Cervical Cancer, Sanae El Ibrahimi
The Effect Of Marriage On Stage At Diagnosis And Survival In Women With Cervical Cancer, Sanae El Ibrahimi
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Marriage is associated with improved health outcomes for many conditions. Married persons enjoy financial stability, social and emotional support, and tend to have better control of health risk behaviors compared to the unmarried. The marriage scene is changing continuously. Americans are marrying less or delaying the engagement to an older age. They are divorcing more, they choose cohabitation as an alternative to marriage, or engage in premarital relationships. As a consequence, barely half of Americans were married in 2011 compared to close to three quarters of Americans were married in the sixties. With the increase of the unmarried population - …
The Lived Experiences Of Acute-Care Bedside Registered Nurses Caring For Patients And Their Families With Limited English Proficiency, Jami-Sue Coleman
The Lived Experiences Of Acute-Care Bedside Registered Nurses Caring For Patients And Their Families With Limited English Proficiency, Jami-Sue Coleman
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Approximately 8.6% of the total U.S. population is considered limited English proficient (LEP), a term that has been used by official US federal policy and will be used throughout this study. In a landmark report, the Institute of Medicine found that minorities received lower-quality health care than Caucasians even when insurance status, income, and other factors were equivalent. These differences were tied to issues such as bias, stereotypes and communication barriers between patients and their caregivers. In the hospital setting, registered nurses provide the most direct contact with patients and their families. Effective communication between patients and health care professionals …
What Works In Suicide Bereavement: What Helps And What Hurts?, Quintin Hunt
What Works In Suicide Bereavement: What Helps And What Hurts?, Quintin Hunt
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Suicide is one of the most painful grief experiences that any family may experience. The suicide bereavement literature, though small, is replete with research that shows family and systemic impacts of suicide. The literature also includes constant calls for family- and systemic-based intervention as every part of society is impacted. Research in the field of marriage and family therapy, however, has ignored suicide and suicide bereavement almost entirely. The purpose of this qualitative study is to develop a more thorough understand of the grief that survivors of suicide experience and to systemically understand what helps and hurts the grieving process. …
Examining The Inner Experience Of Four Individuals With Bipolar Disorder Using Descriptive Experience Sampling, Johanah Kang
Examining The Inner Experience Of Four Individuals With Bipolar Disorder Using Descriptive Experience Sampling, Johanah Kang
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Bipolar disorder is a lifelong mood disorder with diagnostic criteria that provide a description of expected experiences of individuals diagnosed with BD (e.g., elevated mood, sadness, difficulty concentrating). Despite these criteria, the inner experience of these individuals is largely unknown. Understanding the inner experience of individuals diagnosed with BD may prove essential in understanding and treating BD. The present study examined the inner experience of four individuals diagnosed with BD using the Descriptive Experience Sampling (DES) method (Hurlburt 1990, 1993, 2011). Results revealed all our participants had clear and prevalent experiences of sensory awareness. They also had difficulties apprehending and …
New Mouthguard Design With Intermediate Nickel-Titanium And Foam Layer, Freddie Martinez
New Mouthguard Design With Intermediate Nickel-Titanium And Foam Layer, Freddie Martinez
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Mouthguards help prevent orofacial injuries in many physical activities, commonly to the maxillary incisors. Mouthguards have many different properties which can be idealized. One property involves the amount of impact force the mouthguard can dissipate, commonly referred to as shock absorption. The aim of this study was to improve shock absorption capabilities beyond the protection that a mouthguard made of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) can offer. A Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) and/or foam intermediate layer was placed between EVA. Seven configurations were fabricated at 3 different thicknesses. The configurations consisted of an intermediate layer composed of NiTi, foam, or NiTi/foam. The NiTi …
Identifying And Describing The Network Of Health, Education, And Social Service Non-Profit Organizations In Southern Nevada, Shannon M. Monnat, Anna Smedley
Identifying And Describing The Network Of Health, Education, And Social Service Non-Profit Organizations In Southern Nevada, Shannon M. Monnat, Anna Smedley
Lincy Institute Reports and Briefs
Many of the economic, social, and demographic issues facing southern Nevada are dynamic and interrelated, requiring a coordinated approach on the part of southern Nevada’s non‐profit community. The coordination of services, skills, and talents enables community needs to be addressed in ways that exceed the scope and capacity of any single organization. With the increasing desire of funding organizations to support collaborative efforts, maintaining sustainable connections between southern Nevada’s non‐profit organizations is needed now more than ever before.
This is the first comprehensive study of southern Nevada’s health, education, and social service non‐profit network. Via a web‐based survey of nearly …
Prevention Of Type 2 Diabetes In Urban American Indian/Alaskan Native Communities: The Life In Balance Pilot Study, Daniel C. Benyshek, Michelle Chino, Carolee Dodge-Francis, Toricellas O. Begay, Hongbin Jin, Celeste Giordano
Prevention Of Type 2 Diabetes In Urban American Indian/Alaskan Native Communities: The Life In Balance Pilot Study, Daniel C. Benyshek, Michelle Chino, Carolee Dodge-Francis, Toricellas O. Begay, Hongbin Jin, Celeste Giordano
Environmental & Occupational Health Faculty Publications
Objective: The Life in BALANCE (LIB) study is a pilot translational study modeling the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) intensive lifestyle coaching intervention among an underserved, high-risk population: American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) living in a large urban setting (Las Vegas, Nevada). Research Design and Methods: A total of 22 overweight/obese AI/ANs (age, 39.6 ± 10.4 years; BMI, 34.1 ± 6.3 kg/m2) at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes (HbA1c > 5.4 (36 mmol/mol) < 6.4 percent (46 mmol/mol) participated in the program between April and December, 2011. Study participants completed a 16 week intensive lifestyle coaching intervention. In addition to obtaining qualitative data regarding opportunities and challenges of applying the lifestyle intervention for AI/AN participants in an urban setting, clinical data, including BMI, waist circumference, blood pres- sure, fasting blood glucose, and blood lipids (HDL, LDL and Triglycerides), were collected. Results: Only 12 of the 22 participants remained in the LIB program at the final post-program follow-up. Participants demonstrated significant decreased waist circumference and elevated HDL cholesterol. Triglycerides manifested the highest percentage change without statistical significance. No significant change was ob- served in blood pressure or fasting blood glucose. Conclusions: LIB participants’ improvements in BMI, waist circumference, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides suggests type 2 diabetes prevention programs aimed at urban AI/ANs show significant potential for reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes among this underserved and high risk community. Qualitative data suggest the main challenge for type 2 diabetes prevention specific to this population is a need for improved community outreach strategies.
Health Disparities In Colorectal Cancer Screening In United States: Race/Ethnicity Or Shifting Paradigms?, Adina Williams, Kirk Dabney, Holmes Laurens Jr
Health Disparities In Colorectal Cancer Screening In United States: Race/Ethnicity Or Shifting Paradigms?, Adina Williams, Kirk Dabney, Holmes Laurens Jr
Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States. The incidence, mortality, and screening vary by race/ethnicity, with African Americans and Hispanics being disproportionately represented. Early detection through screening prolongs survival and decreases mortality. CRC screening (CRCS) varies by race/ethnicity, with lower prevalence rates observed among minorities, but the factors associated with such disparities remain to be fully understood. The current study aimed to examine the ethnic/racial disparities in the prevalence of CRCS, and the explanatory factors therein in a large sample of U.S. residents, using the National Health Interview Survey, 2003. …
Variance In Patient Access To Support Persons By Race/Ethnicity And Language Preference: An Analysis Of Patient Survey Data, Andrew J. Jager, Matthew K. Wynia
Variance In Patient Access To Support Persons By Race/Ethnicity And Language Preference: An Analysis Of Patient Survey Data, Andrew J. Jager, Matthew K. Wynia
Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice
Regulatory and accreditation organizations have advocated open visitation policies and allowance of support persons of patients’ choosing, but it is unknown if support is allowed equitably. Data from hospitalized patients were analyzed to determine access to support persons, stratified by patient-reported race/ethnicity, language, sex, age, and education. A multivariate regression model was constructed using race and language, controlling for site and patient sex, education and age. Additionally, sites’ policies explicitly allowing support persons were correlated to reports of allowance of support persons. Among 1,196 respondents, 17% reported not being allowed a support person or being unsure. African American patients had …
Coping With Pediatric Cancer: Conversational Methods Utilized By Parents And Children When Dealing With Pediatric Cancer, Chelsi Morgan Walls
Coping With Pediatric Cancer: Conversational Methods Utilized By Parents And Children When Dealing With Pediatric Cancer, Chelsi Morgan Walls
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
This study analyzed how people perceived parents should communicate with their child regarding pediatric cancer treatments. When dealing with pediatric cancer, it is vital that parents and their child communicate about the illness in order to effectively cope with the cancer. Using Uncertainty Management Theory, appraisals, inferences, and illusions, are examined in this study to discover how much affect-management and buffering would be used to manage the illness. Under UMT, the coping mechanisms of affect-management (i.e., religious coping and behavioral disengagement), and buffering (avoidance and child distraction) depend upon how individuals appraise the uncertain situation (positive vs. negative), the inferences …
Examining The Inner Experience Of Three Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder And Three Individuals With Bipolar Disorder, Janell Marie Mihelic
Examining The Inner Experience Of Three Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder And Three Individuals With Bipolar Disorder, Janell Marie Mihelic
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) provide a description of expected experiences of individuals diagnosed with those disorders (e.g., sadness, expansive mood, difficulty concentrating). However, much remains unknown about the inner experience of individuals with these disorders which may prove crucial in understanding and treating these disorders. The present study examined the inner experience of three individuals with MDD and three individuals with BD using the Descriptive Experience Sampling (DES) method (Hurlburt 1990, 1993, 2011). Results were not suggestive of any clear, consistent patterns of inner experience either within the MDD or BD groups …
Alternations Of Nmda And Gabab Receptor Function In Development: A Potential Animal Model Of Schizophrenia, Monica Bolton
Alternations Of Nmda And Gabab Receptor Function In Development: A Potential Animal Model Of Schizophrenia, Monica Bolton
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental disorder that affects up to 3% of the world population. The behavioral symptoms are categorized into positive and negative symptoms, which appear during late adolescence/early adulthood. Unfortunately, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of the disease are poorly understood. Several hypotheses exist to explain mechanisms contributing to these behavioral alterations. One model proposes that a reduced function of the NMDA glutamate receptor on specific GABAergic interneurons may be responsible for deficits in schizophrenia. Post-mortem investigations provide evidence of reductions in both glutamate and GABA-related proteins in patients with schizophrenia. Further, GABAergic interneurons that are activated …
Session 4-2-C: Does Non-Problem Gaming Have Any Negative Impact On Gamblers?, Samuel Huang
Session 4-2-C: Does Non-Problem Gaming Have Any Negative Impact On Gamblers?, Samuel Huang
International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking
Outline
Background
Literature Review
Data and Methodology
Analysis and Discussion
Session 4-2-A: Taking The Disorder Out Of Gambling Disorder, Denise F. Quirk, Colin M. Hodgen
Session 4-2-A: Taking The Disorder Out Of Gambling Disorder, Denise F. Quirk, Colin M. Hodgen
International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking
DSM‐5 Gambling Disorder
A. Persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behavior leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as indicated by four (or more) of the following in a 12‐month period:
A. Persistent and recurrent maladaptive gambling behavior as indicated by five (or more) of the following:
Session 4-1-D: The Experience Of Lotto 6/49 And The Capacity To Trust: Elements For An Anthropology Of Gambling, Jocelyn Gadbois
Session 4-1-D: The Experience Of Lotto 6/49 And The Capacity To Trust: Elements For An Anthropology Of Gambling, Jocelyn Gadbois
International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking
Anthropologists study Lotto 6/49 as an experience.
Lévy-Bruhl tries to compare the magical beliefs of serious gamblers with the magical beliefs of individuals he refers to as the ‘‘primitives’’ (1924).
After that, Henslin studied the superstitions of St.Louis taxi drivers who play craps during their work breaks and compared them to Skinner’s pigeon (1967).
I wanted in my thesis to help anthropology to reconstruct lost knowledge regarding gambling and beliefs about magic in capitalist society.
Session 4-1-C: Social Gaming: Problems, Policies And Predictions, Keith Whyte
Session 4-1-C: Social Gaming: Problems, Policies And Predictions, Keith Whyte
International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking
Discusses key issues with social gaming.
Session 4-1-A: Roman Addiction: The Changing Perception Of Problem Gaming In The Roman World, Suzanne B. Faris
Session 4-1-A: Roman Addiction: The Changing Perception Of Problem Gaming In The Roman World, Suzanne B. Faris
International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking
Describes the perception of problem gambling in ancient Rome.
Session 4-1-C: Social Media Gambling Games: Impact On Young People, Sally Gainsbury, Jeffrey L. Derevensky
Session 4-1-C: Social Media Gambling Games: Impact On Young People, Sally Gainsbury, Jeffrey L. Derevensky
International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking
Key concerns for youth
Normalisation & positive impressions of gambling
Misrepresenting the odds of winning
Encouraging transition to real money gambling
Development of problems
Session 4-1-A: The Problem Gambling Center, Robert Hunter
Session 4-1-A: The Problem Gambling Center, Robert Hunter
International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking
Provides information and statistics on the Problem Gambling Center.
Session 3-4-A: Public Opinion And Problem Gambling, Don Feeney
Session 3-4-A: Public Opinion And Problem Gambling, Don Feeney
International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking
What do we need to know?
How does the public perceive addiction?
Do they stigmatize addiction?
Do they recognize gambling addiction?
Do they understand the causes?
Do they understand the solutions?
Do they know where to go for help?
Do they know preventative factors?
What are they willing to do?
What messages are credible and appealing?
Session 3-4-C: Are Lottery Players Affected By Random Shocks? Evidence From China’S Individual Lottery Betting Panel Data, Jia Yuan
International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking
I explore a unique, individual level, lottery betting panel data and show that lottery gambling is significantly affected by lottery winning history even though this winning history is shown to be merely an exogenous random shock. This panel data records lottery players’ collective lottery betting behaviors on a Chinese online lottery purchase website. This website lists each player’s lottery investment performance, the ratio between the lottery return and the lottery investment in the past three months, for lottery players’ reference and this ratio is shown to be an independent random shock across players. Based on the data with around 400,000 …
Session 3-3-A: An Improved Pathways Development Model Of Problem Gambling: A Summary Of 11 Studies In Hong Kong And Macau, Amy Chiu Sau Lam, Alice Chan Ying Ying, Chi Chuen Chan
Session 3-3-A: An Improved Pathways Development Model Of Problem Gambling: A Summary Of 11 Studies In Hong Kong And Macau, Amy Chiu Sau Lam, Alice Chan Ying Ying, Chi Chuen Chan
International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking
Introduction
The rationale of this study came from a casual meeting of our supervisor Dr. Chan Chi Chuen and Professor Blaszczynski on a bus after the 2009 Reno conference.
On the bus, C. C. promised Mr. Blaszczynski that he would validate the pathways model in Hong Kong and Macau. And in the next 5 years, Dr. C.C. Chan and his students conducted 11 research projects on problem gambling in Hong Kong and Macau.
Purposes of current study
- To arrive on a summary finding from 11 studies on problem gambling
- To validate the pathways development model proposed by Blaszczynski & Nower …
Session 3-3-B: Recent Eu Gambling Regulatory Developments: A Case Of Many Court Cases With Institutions Courting Inconclusiveness?, Alan Littler
International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking
Introduction
United Kingdom; shifting towards point of consumption regulation
Member States; competence to regulate is not boundless
Other European institutions; a different discourse?
Session 3-3-C: The National Longitudinal Study Of Gambling Behaviour (Nlsgb): Preliminary Results, Andrew Dellis, Andre Hofmeyr, Harold Kincaid, Don Ross
Session 3-3-C: The National Longitudinal Study Of Gambling Behaviour (Nlsgb): Preliminary Results, Andrew Dellis, Andre Hofmeyr, Harold Kincaid, Don Ross
International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking
Introduction
The NLSGB tracked 300 gamblers over a 15-month period.
A comprehensive survey instrument was compiled to analyse factors that might influence changes in risk of gambling problems over time.
The study was conducted in the four major metropolitan areas of South Africa: Johannesburg, Tshwane, Durban and Cape Town. We will discuss the study’s design and implementation and some preliminary results.
Session 3-3-A: The ‘Circles Concept’ Of Gambling Addiction: An Empowered Framework For Change, Harry B. Mayr
Session 3-3-A: The ‘Circles Concept’ Of Gambling Addiction: An Empowered Framework For Change, Harry B. Mayr
International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking
The original ‘Circles Concept of (Gambling) Addiction’ was developed by Harry Mayr in 1982, while working as an addictions counsellor in a community-based health centre. It has always been a ‘user friendly’ concept … applicable and understood by people from all cultures, across all ages, and with or without an addiction issue. Years later, people have informed Mr Mayr how they still remember ‘those circles’, and how the concept helped them.
The ‘Circles Concept of (Gambling) Addiction’ is therefore a concept remembered as much for its visual cues as its verbal explanation – and thus applicable across languages, cognitive and …
Session 3-3-D: Interactive Gambling In Australia, Sally Gainsbury, Nerilee Hing, Alex Russell, Alex Blaszczynski, Dan Lubman, Robert Wood
Session 3-3-D: Interactive Gambling In Australia, Sally Gainsbury, Nerilee Hing, Alex Russell, Alex Blaszczynski, Dan Lubman, Robert Wood
International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking
Describes interactive gambling and gives its advantages and disadvantages.
Session 3-2-D: Managing A Research Collaborative: Challenges And Outcomes, Joachim Haeusler
Session 3-2-D: Managing A Research Collaborative: Challenges And Outcomes, Joachim Haeusler
International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking
Collaborative with the Division on Addiction
The collaborative set off in 2005 and since then produced 18 peer reviewed publications, leading to a paradigm shift in online gambling research and which allowed us to establish an evidence-based consumer protection concept.
Goals:
- Creating a scientific evidence base about actual online gambling behavior, relying on behavioral data
- Continuously evaluating games and player protection measures and designing a consumer protection concept based on this evidence
- Creating an early-detection model for the identification of customers at-risk of developing problems
Transparency:
- Full access to de-identified gambling transaction data of large samples (up to 100,000 customers), …
Session 3-2-A: The Conceptual Framework Of Harmful Gambling, Max Abbott
Session 3-2-A: The Conceptual Framework Of Harmful Gambling, Max Abbott
International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking
Project Overview
Purpose: develop a clear, comprehensive, internationally relevant conceptual framework of harmful gambling that addresses a broad set of factors related to population risk and resilience beyond the symptoms-based view that affects individuals
Previous models inform the work
As the project sponsor, OPGRC is collaborating with an expert panel to facilitate the development of a conceptual framework of harmful gambling that captures the broad set of factors related to harmful gambling
The framework is outlined in a publication, jointly authored by the expert panel members, and presented at the OPGRC website
Session 3-2-D: Predicting Gambling-Related Problems Among Internet Gamblers, Sarah E. Nelson
Session 3-2-D: Predicting Gambling-Related Problems Among Internet Gamblers, Sarah E. Nelson
International Conference on Gambling & Risk Taking
The Goal
Use actual gambling behavior to identify, with good reliability and validity, distinct groups of gamblers among those who have gambling-related problems
Utilize this/these algorithm(s) to set up an early warning system for players at risk of developing problems