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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
External Sector Liberalization And Output Growth In Nigeria, Emmanuel A. Onwioduokit, Obong E. Effiong
External Sector Liberalization And Output Growth In Nigeria, Emmanuel A. Onwioduokit, Obong E. Effiong
Bullion
The paper investigates the impact of external sector liberalization (foreign direct investment, external debt stock, trade openness and exchange rate) on the output growth in Nigeria from the period 1981 to 2019, utilizing correlation analysis, Granger causality test and vector autoregression (VAR). The results indicate that foreign direct investment, external debt stock, trade openness and exchange rate all correlate positively with gross domestic product. Also, the granger causality test indicates that foreign direct investment, trade openness and exchange rate granger cause the output growth in Nigeria. From the VAR result foreign direct investment exerted positive and significant impact on the …
Impact Of Financial Deepening On Socio-Economic Development In Nigeria: 1991 - 2018, Igonibo Dumoteim Abili
Impact Of Financial Deepening On Socio-Economic Development In Nigeria: 1991 - 2018, Igonibo Dumoteim Abili
Bullion
This study investigates the relationship between financial deepening and socioeconomic development in Nigeria. The specific objectives examined the impacts of broad money supply, private sector credit and financial openness on human development index in Nigeria from 1991 to 2018. Time series data on each of the variables were analyzed using Fully Modified Least Squares and Granger Causality test. The unit root test results revealed that all the variables in the model became stationary after first difference and are all I (1). The cointegration test result revealed that the variables had long run relationships. The cointegrating regression result indicated that broad …
Relationship Between Volatility In Domestic Oil Production, Oil Price And Exchange Rate In Nigeria: Co-Integration And Granger Causality Tests, Bashir Umar Faruk
Relationship Between Volatility In Domestic Oil Production, Oil Price And Exchange Rate In Nigeria: Co-Integration And Granger Causality Tests, Bashir Umar Faruk
Bullion
The paper examines the relationship between volatility in domestic oil production, oil prices, and exchange rate in Nigeria. The study employs monthly time series data, from January 2006 to August 2018. Data for the Nigerian Bonny light oil prices (COP), Domestic Oil Production (DOP) and Exchange Rate (EXC) are obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) website. While, dummy variable (DUM) represents stability and instability in the Niger-Delta oil-rich region was traced from historic oil disruptions in the region. Autoregres s i ve Di s tributed Lag (ARDL)/bound testing method and pairwise granger causality were employed. Unit root test …
Impact Of Tax Revenue On Economic Growth In Nigeria (1981-2017), Abubakar Biliksu Aliyu, A. A. Mustapha
Impact Of Tax Revenue On Economic Growth In Nigeria (1981-2017), Abubakar Biliksu Aliyu, A. A. Mustapha
Bullion
The main objective of this research is to assess empirically the impact of tax revenue on economic growth in Nigeria, spanning from 1981 to 2017. It employs, time series data obtained from the CBN statistical bulletins, FIRS annual publications and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) portal. To achieve the objectives of the study, OLS and ARDL techniques were employed to estimate the relationships and the dynamics and longrun effects of independent variables on dependent variable. ARDL bound test revealed that the variables are cointegrated while ARDL long-run estimation indicated that petroleum profit, value added tax and government domestic debt are …
Portfolio Capital Inflows And Banking Crisis In Emerging Market And Developing Economies (Mdes): Bank-Level Evidence From Nigeria, Tijjani Mohammed Jume
Portfolio Capital Inflows And Banking Crisis In Emerging Market And Developing Economies (Mdes): Bank-Level Evidence From Nigeria, Tijjani Mohammed Jume
Bullion
The objective of the paper is to assess the effects of foreign portfolio capital surge on the banking sector in Nigeria from 2005 - 2018. Using a simple trend analysing a static general equilibrium framework, the paper reveals that portfolio capital inflows, in the wake of monetary policy independence in Nigeria, led to portfolio capital surge which resulted to credit boom and speculative transactions in the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) leading to assets price bubble. When the bubble burst during the global financial crisis (GFC) in 2007, and thereafter in 2014, portfolio capital inflows reversed and banking stocks prices declined …
Macroeconomic Instability Index And Threshold For The Nigerian Economy, B. A. G. Amoo, J. K. Achua, N. P. Audu, B. Hamma
Macroeconomic Instability Index And Threshold For The Nigerian Economy, B. A. G. Amoo, J. K. Achua, N. P. Audu, B. Hamma
Economic and Financial Review
The paper employed statistical algorithms, factor analysis and threshold autoregressive models to address the gaps in management of macroeconomic instability in Nigeria. Using data spanning 2010q1 to 2017q2, the findings showed that the values of macroeconomic instability index (MII) fluctuated between 0.316 and 0.609, with a threshold of 0.461. This showed an inverse relationship between macroeconomic instability and economic growth. This framework could serve as a mechanism to gauge early warning signal of instability in Nigeria.
Empirical Estimation Of Optimal International Reserves For Nigeria: The Sudden Stop Model, G.K. Sanni, T.S. Olusegun, Z. Sani
Empirical Estimation Of Optimal International Reserves For Nigeria: The Sudden Stop Model, G.K. Sanni, T.S. Olusegun, Z. Sani
Economic and Financial Review
The study examined the issue of optimum external reserves for Nigeria during 2010 - 2014, using Jeanne and Ranciere (2006) and Goncalves (2007) sudden stop model approach. The study showed that resident foreign currency deposit accounted for over 90 per cent of the total foreign currency deposit, while non-resident foreign currency deposit accounted for the remaining. The result of the model suggested that external reserves were adequate in 2010 but beyond that period, it was far below optimal level. On average, the optimum external reserves were around 15.7 per cent of GDP in the past four years, translating to US$54.52 …
Monetary Policy And Asset Prices In Nigeria, M.K. Tule, P. Ogiji, G. Okorie, D. Mbaka
Monetary Policy And Asset Prices In Nigeria, M.K. Tule, P. Ogiji, G. Okorie, D. Mbaka
Economic and Financial Review
This paper attempts to contribute to the debate on the linkages between monetary policy and asset prices in the woke of the recent global financial crisis. The study employs vector error correction (VEC) mode! on Nigerian weekly data from January 2007 to October 2013. A pair-wise granger causality test indicated a unidirectional causality from asset prices to monetary policy. Exchange rate at lag one was negatively related to the All Share Index. suggesting that exchange rate appreciation is likely to lead to excessive appreciation in asset prices. The results further indicated a positive relationship between financial system stability and asset …
Responsiveness Of Nigeria's Short-Term Interest Rates To Changes In The Policy Rate, M. K. Tule
Responsiveness Of Nigeria's Short-Term Interest Rates To Changes In The Policy Rate, M. K. Tule
Economic and Financial Review
This paper appraises the efficacy of the Monetary Policy Rate (MPR) as an anchor for other short-term interest rates in the economy. Adopting the vector autoregression approach, the responses of Nigeria's short-term interest rates to changes in the interbank rate (proxy for MPR) was modelled. The paper found that the pass-through from MPR to money market interest rates in the long-run is higher for the prime and lending rates than for changes in the Treasury bill rate and 3-month deposit rate. Overall, there seemed to be an asymmetric impact with an increase or fall in the interbank rate.
An Examination Of The Structural Inflation Dynamics In Nigeria, O. J. Odonye, S. O. Odeniran, A. O. Oduyemi, O. J. Olaoye, K. J. Ajayi
An Examination Of The Structural Inflation Dynamics In Nigeria, O. J. Odonye, S. O. Odeniran, A. O. Oduyemi, O. J. Olaoye, K. J. Ajayi
Economic and Financial Review
This study examines the dynamics of inflation in Nigeria, including the structural evolution as well as the direction of its movement with a view to designing appropriate policy measures to rein in the inflationary pressures. The study utilized quarterly data from 1970(1) to 2013 (4) except for Bureau de Change (BDC) premium where the duration was 1991(1) to 2013 (4) based on Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The results show that structural factors like budget deficit, rainfall, variation in export, exchange rate premium have profound influence on movement in CPI in Nigeria during the period.
Money And Inflation: Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Monetary Policy In Nigeria, Mbutor O. Mbutor, Okafor Ifeanyi Izuchukwu, Ameh Oguche Sunday
Money And Inflation: Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Monetary Policy In Nigeria, Mbutor O. Mbutor, Okafor Ifeanyi Izuchukwu, Ameh Oguche Sunday
Bullion
The paper establishes the relationship between monetary policy and inflation.
The Political Economy Of Currency Re-Denomination By Countries., Peter Nwaoba
The Political Economy Of Currency Re-Denomination By Countries., Peter Nwaoba
Bullion
In the view of the Bank, redenomination policy for Nigeria was not to translate to revaluation, as market forces were to continue to determine the prices, including interest rates and exchange rates, with the expectation that inflation will be low while exchange rate will appreciate. The objective of this paper is to articulate the reasons and conditions under which countries embark on currency redenomination exercises, and how successful these exercises had been over the years. The paper is descriptive with presentation based on literature reviews. Under the redenomination programme, banknotes were to be issued in denominations of new 50k (old …
Reforming The Nigerian Banking Sector: Some Emerging Issues., Biodun Adedipe
Reforming The Nigerian Banking Sector: Some Emerging Issues., Biodun Adedipe
Bullion
When the ongoing reforms of banking in Nigeria commenced, there were several arguments against the seeming harshness of the measures. As the revelations increased, the argument became the manner the revelations were made. All these pointed to the capacity of humans to resist change. lt was generally accepted that things went terribly wrong and some drastic steps needed to be taken. This paper examines existing and emerging financial reforms in the Nigeria banking sector. The outcome of the greed-induced crisis was not peculiar to Nigeria, as banks failed all around the world as their capital was eroded. There are obvious …
The Nigerian Financial Crisis: Lessons, Prospects And Way Forward, Charles N. O. Mordi
The Nigerian Financial Crisis: Lessons, Prospects And Way Forward, Charles N. O. Mordi
Bullion
This paper x-rays the recent banking sector crisis in Nigeria, its resolution, lessons learned and way forward. The paper is divided into six main sections. Following the introduction, section 2 highlights country experiences of banking crisis and resolution options, while section 3 gives an overview of financial crisis in Nigeria; section 4 discusses the recent financial crises in Nigeria (2000-2009), while section 5 presents the 2009 banking crises and its causes. The most recent reform measures are discussed in section 6. ln sections 7 and 8, the lessons of experience and the way forward are presented, while the concluding remarks …
Banking System Credit As An Instrument Of Economic Growth In Nigeria, Andrew O. Agbada
Banking System Credit As An Instrument Of Economic Growth In Nigeria, Andrew O. Agbada
Bullion
Globally, banks in developing countries are expected to play very vital and effective roles in financing their economic projects and activities as their contribution in ensuring sustainable economic growth. This expectation is as a result of the fact that there is acute shortage of capital in the developing countries of the world. ln this paper, attempt was made to address how banking system credit can be used as an instrument of economic growth in Nigeria. The specific objectives that banking system credit were expected to achieve were also stated. lt's was revealed that though credits have increased tremendously in recent …
Determinants Of Capital Flows In Nigeria And Challenges For Macroeconomic Stability, A. Englama, N. C. Oputa, G. K. Sanni, M. U. Yakub, O. Adesanya, Z. Sanni
Determinants Of Capital Flows In Nigeria And Challenges For Macroeconomic Stability, A. Englama, N. C. Oputa, G. K. Sanni, M. U. Yakub, O. Adesanya, Z. Sanni
Economic and Financial Review
Capital flows into developing countries in the 1960s through the 1980s were mainly in the form of overseas development assistant (ODS) to governments as well as private capital through domestic multinational bank. Nigeria, like unit developing countries, is characterized by a low' level of domestic savings and in order to attain a desirable level of investment that would guarantee sustainable development, the economy needs some foreign sayings to bridge the savings investment gap. These savings come in the form of 'new money’ or capital inflows which are expected to provide financial capital for economic activities. Foreign participation is directed associated …
Towards Inflation Targeting Framework For Monetary Policy In Nigeria: The Challenges For Central Bank Of Nigeria, M. Hugman
Economic and Financial Review
This article examines inflation with reference to Nigeria. As an emerging market environment. Part one outlines briefly the underlying mechanisms of inflation-management and general approaches to inflation targeting. Part two focuses on issues that specifically relate to inflation targeting (IT) in emerging markets, including the possible macroeconomic impact of the transition process. Part three considers the sequence and timing of the transition to IT in Nigeria, on the shift in exchange rate management required to achieve long-term price stability. Additionally, Nigeria-specific challenges are also addressed. The paper concludes by noting that both the time frame and coordination for a successful …
Foreign Private Investment In Nigeria - 2002, Division Research Statistics Department
Foreign Private Investment In Nigeria - 2002, Division Research Statistics Department
Economic and Financial Review
This report presents the results of the survey on foreign private investment in Nigeria in 2002. The survey covered 254 establishments that are either fully foreign owned or are in partnership with Nigerian agencies or enterprises doing business in Nigeria. The net flow of foreign investment into the Nigerian economy rose by 143 per cent from N3,377.0 million in 2001 to N8,206.8 million in 2002. The analyses of the survey returns are presented in eight parts.
Monetary And Financial Sector Policies In The Year 2000 Budget Of The Fgn, M. O. Ojo
Monetary And Financial Sector Policies In The Year 2000 Budget Of The Fgn, M. O. Ojo
Bullion
The paper attempts to review the monetary and financial sector policies of CBN during the 2000 fiscal year. It also discussed the issues and problems of implementation of the policies. The paper observes that the Nigerian economy witnessed some anxious moments during the 1999 fiscal year. Severe Pressures built-up in the economy mainly because of the expansionary fiscal policy of the Federal Government during the first five months of the year. lf price of oil in the international market continue to rise above budget expectations and expenditure does not rise in tandem, finance is likely to constrain achievement of most …
External Sector Performance And The External Sector Policy Measures In The Year 2000 Federal Budget., Mike I. Obadan
External Sector Performance And The External Sector Policy Measures In The Year 2000 Federal Budget., Mike I. Obadan
Bullion
The paper briefly reviews the performance of the external sector in the first half of year 2000 and then goes on to appraise the external sector policy measures in the federal budget for the year under review. The study reveals that the The Presidential directive on government ministries, departments and agencies to-Patronise home-made goods as first choice is commendable. The paper suggests that if monitoring mechanisms are put in place, it will ensure full compliance. Private sector operators, individuals, should be encouraged to take a cue from government departments. The Year 2000 customs tariff measures largely address the concerns of …
Indirect Monetary Control In Nigeria: Problems And Prospects, A. Ahmed
Indirect Monetary Control In Nigeria: Problems And Prospects, A. Ahmed
Bullion
A speech delivered at the Annual Dinner of the Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria by the Governor of Central Bank of Nigeria, Ahmed, A. on the proposal by the Federal Government to shift the technique of monetary credit management from the imposition of credit ceilings on banks to the use of market based instruments.
Indirect Monetary Control: What It Means And How Nigeria Is Moving Towards It., J. A. Olekah
Indirect Monetary Control: What It Means And How Nigeria Is Moving Towards It., J. A. Olekah
Bullion
This paper examines what indirect monetary control is, and how Nigeria is moving towards it. The first section of the paper explained indirect monetary control as the techniques of controlling money supply through manipulation of the monetary base which comprises of total bank reserves plus currency in the hands of the non-bank public.
Exchange Rates Developments In Nigeria, R A. Olukole
Exchange Rates Developments In Nigeria, R A. Olukole
Bullion
This paper discusses the determinants and behaviour of exchange rates. It also examines the exchange rate policies in Nigeria from 1960 - 1991. The pricing methodology was examined with an overview of the Naira exchange rate movements from 1986 - 1991. The paper is divided into four parts. Part I highlights the determinants and behaviour of exchange rates. Part II discusses the exchange rate policies in Nigeria from 1986 - 1991. Part III focuses on the pricing methodology with an overview of the Naira exchange rate movements from 1986-1991. Part IV examines the Parallel market and the Bureau DE Change …
Understanding Nigeria's Flow Of Funds Accounts, Odoko F. O.
Understanding Nigeria's Flow Of Funds Accounts, Odoko F. O.
Bullion
The describes the flow of funds system of accounts and also indicate its analytical uses including how a change in real activity has been financed, the forecasting of interest rates and the effects of economic policy changes. The major steps in the preparation of the accounts were outlined. ln particular, the author indicated that sectoring in FOF accounts is institutionally defined. Some of the basic data are available only after a considerable delay, e.g., national accounts figures, while others have to be estimated (households) leading to residual errors, Nevertheless, the flow of funds system serves as a useful instrument even …
Developments In The Agricultural Sector During The Second Quarter Of 1989, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn
Developments In The Agricultural Sector During The Second Quarter Of 1989, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn
Economic and Financial Review
There was a renewed optimism during the quarter that substantial growth in output could occur during the year, if the improvement in weather conditions and production environment was sustained. Available data showed that average monthly rainfall during the quarter was 177.53mm, representing a substantial rise over the 15 .4mm of the preceding quarter (which experienced an unusually prolonged dry spell) and about 18.3 per cent over the level of 150.1mm in the corresponding period of 1988. The distribution pattern showed that all the states of the Federation recorded rains during the quarter.
Developments In The Industrial Sector In The Second Quarter Of 1989, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn
Developments In The Industrial Sector In The Second Quarter Of 1989, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn
Economic and Financial Review
Aggregate industrial output improved during the second quarter of the year in spite of the problems of high production costs and liquidity constraints. The index of industrial production at 225.6 (1972 = 100) increased by 6.7 and 3.6. per cent over its levels 'in the corresponding quarter of 1988 and the first quarter of 1989, respectively (see table I). Compared with its level in the corresponding quarter of 1988, the rise in industrial output was accounted for by the respective increases of 20.6 and 2.4 per cent in mining and manufacturing output which outweighed the decline of 2.8 per cent …
Stock Market Report For The Second Quarter Of 1989, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn
Stock Market Report For The Second Quarter Of 1989, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn
Economic and Financial Review
The main event that dominated the transactions on the Nigerian Stock Exchange during the second quarter, 1989 was the compulsory transfer of the accounts of ministries and parastatals from the commercial and merchant banks to the CBN. In an attempt to raise their liquidity positions the banks and other private holders of Federal Government Development Stocks unloaded their holdings of the stocks on the Exchange. Consequently, the total volume of stocks traded rose from 14.9 million in 6558 deals during the first quarter of 1989 to 270.9 million in 8307 deals in the quarter under review. Compared with the corresponding …
Developments In The External Sector During The Second Quarter Of 1989, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn
Developments In The External Sector During The Second Quarter Of 1989, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn
Economic and Financial Review
The pressure on the external sector eased considerably in the second quarter of 1989 as foreign exchange flows into. and out of the economy indicated a turn around from a net outflow of 'fijl .7 million in the second quarter of 1988 to a net inflow of $245 .0 million. The improvement was attributed to increased earnings by the oil sector due to the rise in crude oil prices and export volume, increased drawings on external loans, decline in debt service and reduced funding of the foreign exchange market. However, the position represented a deterioration when compared with the net …
The Structural Adjustment Programme: The Journey So Far, A Ahmed
The Structural Adjustment Programme: The Journey So Far, A Ahmed
Economic and Financial Review
The SAP was introduced to achieve the following objectives: (i) To restructure and diversify the productive base of the economy in order to reduce dependence on the oil sector and imports; (ii) to achieve fiscal and balance of payments viability over the period; (iii) to lay the basis for sustainable non-innationary or minimal inOationary growth; (iv) to lessen the dominance of unproductive investment in the public sector, improve the sector's efficiency and intensify the growth potential of the private sector.
Developments In The Agricultural Sector Of The Economy During The Third Quarter Of 1986, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn
Developments In The Agricultural Sector Of The Economy During The Third Quarter Of 1986, Central Bank Of Nigeria Cbn
Economic and Financial Review
Harvesting of grains and tubers was the dominant activity in the agricultural sector in most parts of the country during the third quarter of 1986. In spite of the lower-than-average amounts of rainfall recorded during the first half of the year, a bumper harvest of maize, rice, yams and cassava was reported