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Articles 1 - 30 of 56
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Australian Barrineans And Their Relationship To Southeast Asian Negritos: An Investigation Using Mitochondrial Genomics, Peter Mcallister, Nano Nagle, Robert John Mitchell
The Australian Barrineans And Their Relationship To Southeast Asian Negritos: An Investigation Using Mitochondrial Genomics, Peter Mcallister, Nano Nagle, Robert John Mitchell
Human Biology
The existence of a short-statured Aboriginal population in the Far North Queensland (FNQ) rainforest zone of Australia’s northeast coast and Tasmania has long been an enigma in Australian anthropology. Based on their reduced stature and associated morphological traits such as tightly curled hair, Birdsell and Tindale proposed that these "Barrinean" peoples were closely related to "negrito" peoples of Southeast Asia and that their ancestors had been the original Pleistocene settlers of Sahul, eventually displaced by taller invaders. Subsequent craniometric and blood protein studies, however, have suggested an overall homogeneity of indigenous Australians, including Barrineans. To confirm this finding and determine …
Evolution Of The Pygmy Phenotype: Evidence Of Positive Selection From Genome-Wide Scans In African, Asian, And Melanesian Pygmies, Andrea Bamberg Migliano, Irene Gallego Romero, Mait Metspalu, Matthew Leavesley, Luca Pagani, Tiago Antao, Da-Wei Huang, Brad T. Sherman, Katharine Siddle, Clarissa Scholes, Georgi Hudjashov, Elton Kaitokai, Avis Babalu, Maggie Belatti, Alex Cagan, Bryony Hopkinshaw, Colin Shaw, Mari Nelis, Ene Metspalu, Reedik Mägi, Richard A. Lempicki, Richard Villems, Marta Mirazon Lahr, Toomis Kivisild
Evolution Of The Pygmy Phenotype: Evidence Of Positive Selection From Genome-Wide Scans In African, Asian, And Melanesian Pygmies, Andrea Bamberg Migliano, Irene Gallego Romero, Mait Metspalu, Matthew Leavesley, Luca Pagani, Tiago Antao, Da-Wei Huang, Brad T. Sherman, Katharine Siddle, Clarissa Scholes, Georgi Hudjashov, Elton Kaitokai, Avis Babalu, Maggie Belatti, Alex Cagan, Bryony Hopkinshaw, Colin Shaw, Mari Nelis, Ene Metspalu, Reedik Mägi, Richard A. Lempicki, Richard Villems, Marta Mirazon Lahr, Toomis Kivisild
Human Biology
Human pygmy populations inhabit different regions of the world, from Africa to Melanesia. In Asia, short-statured populations are often referred to as "negritos." Their short stature has been interpreted as a consequence of thermoregulatory, nutritional, and/or locomotory adaptations to life in tropical forests. A more recent hypothesis proposes that their stature is the outcome of a life history trade-off in high-mortality environments, where early reproduction is favored and, consequently, early sexual maturation and early growth cessation have coevolved. Some serological evidence of deficiencies in the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis have been previously associated with pygmies’ short stature. Using genome-wide …
Mount Pinatubo, Inflammatory Cytokines, And The Immunological Ecology Of Aeta Hunter-Gatherers, Robin M. Bernstein, Nathaniel J. Dominy
Mount Pinatubo, Inflammatory Cytokines, And The Immunological Ecology Of Aeta Hunter-Gatherers, Robin M. Bernstein, Nathaniel J. Dominy
Human Biology
Early growth cessation and reproduction are predicted to maximize fitness under conditions of high adult mortality, factors that could explain the pygmy phenotype of many rainforest hunter-gatherers. This life-history hypothesis is elegant but contentious in part because it lacks a clear biological mechanism. One mechanism stems from the field of human immunological ecology and the concept of inflammation "memory" across the life cycle and into subsequent generations. Maternal exposures to disease can infl uence immunological cues present in breast milk; because maternal provisioning via lactation occurs during critical periods of development, it is plausible that these cues can also mediate …
Genetic Diversity Of Four Filipino Negrito Populations From Luzon: Comparison Of Male And Female Effective Population Sizes And Differential Integration Of Immigrants Into Aeta And Agta Communities, E Heyer, M Georges, M Pachner, P Endicott
Genetic Diversity Of Four Filipino Negrito Populations From Luzon: Comparison Of Male And Female Effective Population Sizes And Differential Integration Of Immigrants Into Aeta And Agta Communities, E Heyer, M Georges, M Pachner, P Endicott
Human Biology
Genetic data corresponding to four negrito populations (two Aeta and two Agta; n = 120) from the Luzon region of the Philippines have been analyzed. These data comprise mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypervariable segment 1 haplotypes and haplogroups, Y-chromosome haplogroups and short tandem repeats (STRs), autosomal STRs, and X-chromosome STRs. The genetic diversity and structure of the populations were investigated at a local, regional, and interregional level. We found a high level of autosomal differentiation, combined with no significant reduction in diversity, consistent with long-term settlement of the Luzon region by the ancestors of the Agta and Aeta followed by reduced …
Admixture Patterns And Genetic Differentiation In Negrito Groups From West Malaysia Estimated From Genome-Wide Snp Data, Timothy A. Jinam, Maude E. Phipps, Naruya Saitou, The Hugo Pan-Asian Snp Consortium
Admixture Patterns And Genetic Differentiation In Negrito Groups From West Malaysia Estimated From Genome-Wide Snp Data, Timothy A. Jinam, Maude E. Phipps, Naruya Saitou, The Hugo Pan-Asian Snp Consortium
Human Biology
Southeast Asia houses various culturally and linguistically diverse ethnic groups. In Malaysia, where the Malay, Chinese, and Indian ethnic groups form the majority, there exist minority groups such as the "negritos" who are believed to be descendants of the earliest settlers of Southeast Asia. Here we report patterns of genetic substructure and admixture in two Malaysian negrito populations (Jehai and Kensiu), using ~50,000 genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. We found traces of recent admixture in both the negrito populations, particularly in the Jehai, with the Malay through principal component analysis and STRUCTURE analysis software, which suggested that the admixture was …
The Andaman Islanders In A Regional Genetic Context: Reexamining The Evidence For An Early Peopling Of The Archipelago From South Asia, Gyaneshwer Chaubey, Phillip Endicott
The Andaman Islanders In A Regional Genetic Context: Reexamining The Evidence For An Early Peopling Of The Archipelago From South Asia, Gyaneshwer Chaubey, Phillip Endicott
Human Biology
The indigenous inhabitants of the Andaman Islands were considered by many early anthropologists to be pristine examples of a "negrito" substrate of humanity that existed throughout Southeast Asia. Despite over 150 years of research and study, questions over the extent of shared ancestry between Andaman Islanders and other small-bodied, gracile, dark-skinned populations throughout the region are still unresolved. This shared phenotype could be a product of shared history, evolutionary convergence, or a mixture of both. Recent population genetic studies have tended to emphasize long-term physical isolation of the Andaman Islanders and an affinity to ancestral populations of South Asia. We …
Craniodental Affinities Of Southeast Asia's "Negritos" And The Concordance With Their Genetic Affinities, David Bulbeck
Craniodental Affinities Of Southeast Asia's "Negritos" And The Concordance With Their Genetic Affinities, David Bulbeck
Human Biology
Genetic research into Southeast Asia's "negritos" has revealed their deep-rooted ancestry, with time depth comparable to that of Southwest Pacific populations. This finding is often interpreted as evidence that negritos, in contrast to other Southeast Asians, can trace much of their ancestry directly back to the early dispersal of Homo sapiens in the order of 70 kya from Africa to Pleistocene New Guinea and Australia. One view on negritos is to lump them and Southwest Pacific peoples into an "Australoid" race whose geographic distribution had included Southeast Asia prior to the Neolithic incursion of "Mongoloid" farmers. Studies into Semang osteology …
Drafting Human Ancestry: What Does The Neanderthal Genome Tell Us About Hominid Evolution? Commentary On Green Et Al. (2010), Michael Hofreiter
Drafting Human Ancestry: What Does The Neanderthal Genome Tell Us About Hominid Evolution? Commentary On Green Et Al. (2010), Michael Hofreiter
Human Biology
Ten years after the first draft versions of the human genome were
announced, technical progress in both DNA sequencing and ancient DNA
analyses has allowed a research team around Ed Green and Svante Pa¨a¨bo to
complete this task from infinitely more difficult hominid samples: a few
pieces of bone originating from our closest, albeit extinct, relatives, the
Neanderthals. Pulling the Neanderthal sequences out of a sea of contaminating
environmental DNA impregnating the bones and at the same time
avoiding the problems of contamination with modern human DNA is in itself
a remarkable accomplishment. However, the crucial question in the long …
Front Matter, Elephant Editors
Isolation Of Mycoplasma From The Genital Tracts Of Elephants, Harold W. Clark, Daniel C. Laughlin, Jack S. Bailey, Thomas Mcp Brown
Isolation Of Mycoplasma From The Genital Tracts Of Elephants, Harold W. Clark, Daniel C. Laughlin, Jack S. Bailey, Thomas Mcp Brown
Elephant
The authors report finding arthritogenic agents, mycoplasmas, for the first time in a large group of captive elephants that are frequently crippled with rheumatism.
The Addo Elephant Research Project: A Brief Introduction, Anthony Hall-Martin
The Addo Elephant Research Project: A Brief Introduction, Anthony Hall-Martin
Elephant
Description of "an intensive research programme on the ecology, population dynamics, and behaviour" of elephants in the Addo Bush area of Cape Province, South Africa, launched in May 1976.
Iucn Elephant Survey And Conservation Programme: Summary Of Interim Report On Elephants In Kenya, Alison K. K. Hillman
Iucn Elephant Survey And Conservation Programme: Summary Of Interim Report On Elephants In Kenya, Alison K. K. Hillman
Elephant
Preliminary summary of evidence on the status and population trends of elephants in Kenya, condensed from the original.
Observations Of Elephants In East And Southern Africa, Jeheskel Shoshani
Observations Of Elephants In East And Southern Africa, Jeheskel Shoshani
Elephant
Selected short observations on African elephants (Loxodonta africana) made during 1978 in East and Southern Africa.
The Elephants Of Interview Island, Romulus Whitaker
The Elephants Of Interview Island, Romulus Whitaker
Elephant
Report from survey work on elephants living on the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal, June, 1977.
Errata And Comments For Elephant Newsletter No. 2, Elephant Editors
Errata And Comments For Elephant Newsletter No. 2, Elephant Editors
Elephant
Errata and comments for Elephant Newsletter No. 2
Iucn/Wwf Help Wanted, Elephant Editors
Iucn/Wwf Help Wanted, Elephant Editors
Elephant
A published plea from the IUCN/World Wildlife Fund Conservation Programme in Indonesia asking for information regarding endangered elephants in Sumatra.
Elephant Symposium And Related Activities, Elephant Editors
Elephant Symposium And Related Activities, Elephant Editors
Elephant
Agenda for the upcoming Elephant Symposium at the American Society of Mammalogists 59th Annual Meeting, June 20th, 1979.
A Note From The Editor, Jeheskel Shoshani
A Note From The Editor, Jeheskel Shoshani
Elephant
Dr. Shoshani introduces the newsletter and documents increasing interest and support.
Front Matter, Elephant Editors
Information From The Elephant Interest Group Questionnaire, Elephant Editors
Information From The Elephant Interest Group Questionnaire, Elephant Editors
Elephant
Elephant-related activities of answering respondents to the newsletter's questionnaire.
Known Elephant Distribution In Africa: An Updated Map, Iain Douglas-Hamilton, Alison K.K. Hillman
Known Elephant Distribution In Africa: An Updated Map, Iain Douglas-Hamilton, Alison K.K. Hillman
Elephant
Map depicting the elephant distribution in Africa as of Spring 1979.
Observations In Tsavo National Park, Kenya, Evans E. Mgaah
Observations In Tsavo National Park, Kenya, Evans E. Mgaah
Elephant
Personal observations from four years as a game ranger in Tsavo National Park, Kenya.
Ivory And Ivorine, Elephant Editors
Ivory And Ivorine, Elephant Editors
Elephant
Items from news and other reports relating to ivory and ivorine.
Klaserie Elephant Project: Progress Report, Clive Walker
Klaserie Elephant Project: Progress Report, Clive Walker
Elephant
Report from an aerial survey of elephant population in the Klaserie Private Nature Reserve in South Africa.
Suggested Mechanical Model Of Elephant Trunk Muscle Tissue And Its Sheer Conjecture, Norris Whitehall
Suggested Mechanical Model Of Elephant Trunk Muscle Tissue And Its Sheer Conjecture, Norris Whitehall
Elephant
A detailed simile modeling elephant trunk muscle tissue.
Report On The Elephants Of Tongaland, Clive Walker
Report On The Elephants Of Tongaland, Clive Walker
Elephant
Report from a preliminary survey of elephants in Southern Africa by the Endangered Wildlife Trust Elephant Group.
Elephants In The News, Elephant Editors
Elephants In The News, Elephant Editors
Elephant
"Motty"-- Birth of an African/Asian elephant at Chester Zoo; Elephants at the Washington Park Zoo, Portland, Oregon, USA; Elephants at the Knoxville Zoo, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA; "Dima"--26,000-year-old baby mammoth tissues are being studied at the University of California and Wayne State University, USA
Captive Elephant Population Of North America: 1979 Update, Elephant Editors
Captive Elephant Population Of North America: 1979 Update, Elephant Editors
Elephant
Survey of elephants in captivity, 1979.
Recent Correspondence, Elephant Editors
Recent Correspondence, Elephant Editors
Elephant
Letters from Pieter deVilliers, Richard Lair, and Norris Whitehill
Financial Report And Acknowledgments, Elephant Editors
Financial Report And Acknowledgments, Elephant Editors
Elephant
Accounting of the Elephant Interest Group for production of the journal.