Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Prisons -- United States (5)
- Confession (Law) -- United States (3)
- Police questioning -- United States (3)
- Evidence (Law) -- United States (2)
- Jury -- United States -- Decision making (2)
-
- Solitary confinement (2)
- Administration of criminal justice (1)
- Administration of juvenile justice (1)
- Attorney and client (1)
- Children -- Legal status laws etc. -- United States (1)
- Children -- Violence against -- Case studies (1)
- Children and violence -- Research (1)
- Correctional institutions -- United States (1)
- Crime -- United States -- Social aspects (1)
- Crime Mapping (1)
- Crime analysis--United States (1)
- Criminal defense lawyers -- Decision making (1)
- Criminals (1)
- Criminals -- Risk assessment (1)
- Defense (Criminal procedure) (1)
- Discrimination in criminal justice administration -- United States (1)
- Environmental criminology (1)
- Expert evidence -- United States (1)
- Family violence -- Risk assessment (1)
- Gangs -- United States -- Research (1)
- Innocence Project (1)
- Judicial error -- United States (1)
- Juvenile courts -- United States (1)
- Mandatory sentences -- United States (1)
- Parole (1)
Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Grass Is Always Greener: Analyzing Crime Concentration And Specialization In Urban Greenspace Environs, Cheyenne Pamela Hodgen, Kathryn Wuschke
The Grass Is Always Greener: Analyzing Crime Concentration And Specialization In Urban Greenspace Environs, Cheyenne Pamela Hodgen, Kathryn Wuschke
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
Greenspaces play an important role in the urban landscape, with prior research suggesting that they are associated with numerous health and social benefits for residents. Despite this, research conflicts regarding the relationship between greenspaces and crime, with some studies finding these locations to be criminogenic and others finding them to be protective against local crime. This study examines this relationship in Portland, Oregon, considering different greenspace types as well as different crime types. Further, this study presents a novel methodological adaption to measure crime concentration and specialization around discrete location types by integrating a street network buffer into the standard …
Racial Politics In The Contemporary Prison Society: The Importance Of Race And Ethnicity To Prison Social Organization, Arynn A. Infante, Stephanie J. Morse, Chantal Fahmy, Kevin A. Wright
Racial Politics In The Contemporary Prison Society: The Importance Of Race And Ethnicity To Prison Social Organization, Arynn A. Infante, Stephanie J. Morse, Chantal Fahmy, Kevin A. Wright
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
Prior research documents race and ethnicity as central to how individuals navigate the social and physical space of prisons. Racial segregation persists as a feature of prison life, and in navigating this racialized structure, racial groups construct and enforce a set of racialized norms to govern behavior (i.e., the “racial code”) that reinforce and reify prison racial politics. These processes, however, have remained largely descriptive in nature. Using data from a sample of incarcerated men in Arizona prisons (N = 251), this article extends prior work by operationalizing the concept of the racial code, assessing its dimensionality, distinguishing it from …
Pathways Of Crime: Measuring Crime Concentration Along Urban Roadways, Kathryn Wuschke, Martin A. Andresen, Patricia L. Brantingham
Pathways Of Crime: Measuring Crime Concentration Along Urban Roadways, Kathryn Wuschke, Martin A. Andresen, Patricia L. Brantingham
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
Some urban spaces are associated with disproportionate numbers of criminal events, while other areas are relatively free from disorder and crime. The relationship between urban space and crime concentration has received increased attention in recent years, with the location quotient frequently presented as a tool to identify and quantify such concentration. This measure has several limitations, with one significant concern surrounding the choice of denominator with which to standardize local and global rate calculations. In response, we present a new methodological adaptation to the location quotient, improving the measurement of crime concentration along linear features. To test this adaptation, we …
Policing In An Era Of Sousveillance: A Randomised Controlled Trial Examining The Influence Of Video Footage On Perceptions Of Legitimacy, Megan Mohler, Christopher M. Campbell, Kelsey S. Henderson, Brian Renauer
Policing In An Era Of Sousveillance: A Randomised Controlled Trial Examining The Influence Of Video Footage On Perceptions Of Legitimacy, Megan Mohler, Christopher M. Campbell, Kelsey S. Henderson, Brian Renauer
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
Controversial incidents of police-citizen interactions, coupled with advancements in internet media technology has created a new dynamic of how public perceptions of the police might be influenced. This paper reports results of an experiment examining how videos of police-citizen interactions found on social media platforms might influence civilian perceptions of legitimacy and procedural justice. Using 173 randomly assigned participants and a pre/post-test design, we compare perceptual effects of positive, negative, and neutral depictions of police-citizen interactions. Results indicate all media had an effect on perceptions of legitimacy, with negative content yielding the largest effects, significantly diminishing global perceptions of legitimacy, …
Juveniles In The Interrogation Room: Defense Attorneys As A Protective Factor, Caitlin N. August, Kelsey S. Henderson
Juveniles In The Interrogation Room: Defense Attorneys As A Protective Factor, Caitlin N. August, Kelsey S. Henderson
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
Juveniles are more susceptible in the interrogation room than adults, due to a host of vulnerabilities that put them at risk. Scholars have suggested that requiring the presence of a defense attorney during interrogations can protect juveniles from making an unintelligent waiver; variations of this type of policy have been mandated in some states across the United States (e.g., Illinois and California). The current study takes an exploratory, qualitative approach to examine how defense attorneys may act as a protective factor in the interrogation room. We interviewed 19 juvenile defenders using a semi-structured interview method; questions focused on experiences in …
Examining The Effect Of Case And Trial Factors On Defense Attorneys' Plea Decision-Making, Kelsey S. Henderson
Examining The Effect Of Case And Trial Factors On Defense Attorneys' Plea Decision-Making, Kelsey S. Henderson
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
Defense attorneys are attuned to the defendant’s likelihood of conviction at trial, based on the strength of the evidence, in forming their plea decisions. A higher threshold for conviction (i.e. unanimous jury verdict rule versus majority rule), could affect defense attorneys’ willingness to take cases to trial. In this study, we examined defense attorney decision-making by presenting defense attorneys with a hypothetical case summary in which the jury verdict rule was unanimous versus majority rule (experiment one, N = 82), and the strength of the evidence was weak versus strong (experiment two, N = 81). In experiment one, there was …
The Effects Of Variations In Confession Evidence And Need For Cognition On Jurors' Decisions, Kelsey S. Henderson, Lora M. Levett
The Effects Of Variations In Confession Evidence And Need For Cognition On Jurors' Decisions, Kelsey S. Henderson, Lora M. Levett
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
The reliability of a confession partially depends on the interrogation methods used and the confession’s content. Confronting suspects with evidence gives a suspect knowledge of nonpublic details, increasing the likelihood of a false confession (Gudjonsson & Pearse, 2011; Leo, 2009), and makes the confession harder to judge as more or less reliable. That is, if a confession is consistent with case facts but details of the crime were communicated to the suspect during interrogation, it is difficult to judge whether the confession is a product of the suspect’s knowledge of the crime or the details that were communicated during the …
Plea Bargaining: The Influence Of Counsel, Kelsey S. Henderson, Lora M. Levett
Plea Bargaining: The Influence Of Counsel, Kelsey S. Henderson, Lora M. Levett
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
For the criminal defendant, his attorney acts as his loyal and zealous advocate before the court (American Bar Association, 2015), and due process protections of the U.S. adversarial system have afforded this relationship special privilege. In this chapter, we explore the influence and role of the attorney in plea decision making. We first explore the legal context of the attorney’s role in plea bargaining, reviewing several cases that address a defendant’s right to effective assistance of counsel. We then review the shadow of trial theory and other theoretical perspectives as they relate to the attorney’s role in the plea-bargaining process, …
Investigating Predictors Of True And False Guilty Pleas, Kelsey S. Henderson, Lora M. Levett
Investigating Predictors Of True And False Guilty Pleas, Kelsey S. Henderson, Lora M. Levett
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
An estimated 90% to 95% of convictions are obtained via guilty pleas, and roughly 11% of individuals exonerated with the help of the Innocence Project falsely pleaded guilty (innocenceproject.org). Despite the prevalence of guilty pleas (and the existence of false guilty pleas), relatively little scholarship has examined what influences a defendant to plead guilty (Redlich, 2010). In this study, we investigated factors that affected whether guilty and innocent students who were accused of cheating pleaded guilty or took their case before the Student Conduct Committee in a hearing (analogous to a trial). Using social psychological literature on social influence (Cialdini …
Comparisons In Parole Supervision: Assessing Gendered Responses To Technical Violation Sanctions, Christopher M. Campbell, Ryan M. Labrecque, Megan Mohler, Molly Christmannn
Comparisons In Parole Supervision: Assessing Gendered Responses To Technical Violation Sanctions, Christopher M. Campbell, Ryan M. Labrecque, Megan Mohler, Molly Christmannn
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
Presentation focuses on the gender differences in community supervision and asks, "Is there a difference in how men and women respond to sanctions for technical violations?"
The Effect Of Gang Affiliation On Post-Solitary Confinement Institutional Misconduct, Ryan T. Motz, Ryan M. Labrecque, Paula Smith
The Effect Of Gang Affiliation On Post-Solitary Confinement Institutional Misconduct, Ryan T. Motz, Ryan M. Labrecque, Paula Smith
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
Presentation focuses on the effects of solitary confinement on inmate misconduct.
Reducing Violence In Correctional Institutions: Revalidation Of The Inmate Risk Assessment For Violent, Nonsexual Victimization (Rvnsv), Ryan M. Labrecque, Heidi Scherer, James T. Mccafferty
Reducing Violence In Correctional Institutions: Revalidation Of The Inmate Risk Assessment For Violent, Nonsexual Victimization (Rvnsv), Ryan M. Labrecque, Heidi Scherer, James T. Mccafferty
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
Presentation focuses on inmate victimization in correctional institutions.
Risk Assessment In Criminal Justice, Kris R. Henning, Ryan M. Labrecque
Risk Assessment In Criminal Justice, Kris R. Henning, Ryan M. Labrecque
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
Presentation focuses on risk assessment in criminal justice
Assessing For Racial Disparity In The Use And Effects Of Disciplinary Segregation: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis, Ryan M. Labrecque
Assessing For Racial Disparity In The Use And Effects Of Disciplinary Segregation: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis, Ryan M. Labrecque
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
Presentation focuses on impact of disciplinary segregation in correctional institutions
Domestic Violence Risk Assessments: Considerations For Selection And Use, Ryan M. Labrecque
Domestic Violence Risk Assessments: Considerations For Selection And Use, Ryan M. Labrecque
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
Focuses on Senate Bill 789 (Increases penalty for crime of strangulation) and what to consider when mandating law enforcement officers to perform domestic violence risk assessments.
Can Expert Testimony Sensitize Jurors To Variations In Confession Evidence, Kelsey S. Henderson, Lora M. Levett
Can Expert Testimony Sensitize Jurors To Variations In Confession Evidence, Kelsey S. Henderson, Lora M. Levett
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
Confession evidence can be extremely damaging in the courtroom; jurors are more willing to convict based on the presence of a confession than eyewitness evidence and character testimony (Kassin & Neumann, 1997). To date, no research has examined whether jurors notice variations in confession evidence based on whether the confession is consistent or inconsistent with the crime evidence (a likely low quality confession). In Study 1, mock jurors read a trial summary in which a suspect’s confession was consistent or inconsistent with other case facts. Jurors were marginally more likely to convict if the confession and case facts were consistent …
An Evaluation Of The Impact Of Solitary Confinement On Offenders With Mental Illness, Paula Smith, Ryan M. Labrecque, Paul Gendreau
An Evaluation Of The Impact Of Solitary Confinement On Offenders With Mental Illness, Paula Smith, Ryan M. Labrecque, Paul Gendreau
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
The primary goal of the current study is to examine the impact of solitary confinement (SC) on institutional misconducts in offenders with mental illness. The presentation focuses on the following questions:
- Does the experience of SC reduce institutional misconducts in offenders with mental illness?
- Does the length of time spent in SC influence subsequent institutional misconducts in offenders with mental illness?
“Fixed” Sentencing: The Effect On Imprisonment Rates Over Time, Mark G. Harmon
“Fixed” Sentencing: The Effect On Imprisonment Rates Over Time, Mark G. Harmon
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
Objective: Sentencing guidelines, statutory presumptive sentencing, determinate sentencing, truth in sentencing, and three strikes are important components of the criminal justice system. The main purpose behind a relatively-fixed sentence is to remove judicial discretion by insuring that convicted felons receive a reasonably-assumed sentence depending on the crime committed. The current study assessed shifts in year-to-year changes in incarceration rates within all 50 states from the years 1965 to 2008 due to the adoption of sentencing reforms.
Methods: The study tests two competing theories, a normative theory and critical theory of the expected effects of reforms on imprisonment. Data was analyzed …
Evaluating What Works For Helping Children Exposed To Violence: Results From Nine Randomized Controlled Trials, Laura J. Hickman, Lisa Jaycox, Claude Setodji, Aaron Kofner, Dana Schultz, Dionne Barnes-Proby, Racine Harris
Evaluating What Works For Helping Children Exposed To Violence: Results From Nine Randomized Controlled Trials, Laura J. Hickman, Lisa Jaycox, Claude Setodji, Aaron Kofner, Dana Schultz, Dionne Barnes-Proby, Racine Harris
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
Objectives
The study tests whether participation in interventions offered by a subset of sites from the National Safe Start Promising Approaches for Children Exposed to Violence initiative improved outcomes for children relative to controls.
Methods
The study pools data from the nine Safe Start sites that randomized families to intervention and control groups, using a within-site block randomization strategy based on child age at baseline. Caregiver-reported outcomes, assessed at baseline, six and 12 months, included caregiver personal problems, caregiver resource problems, parenting stress, child and caregiver victimization, child trauma symptoms, child behavior problems, and social-emotional competence.
Results
Results revealed no …
Gendered Arrests Or Gendered Sentencing: Explaining The Narrowing Of The Gender Gap In Imprisonment Over Time: 1970–2008, Mark G. Harmon, Robert M. O'Brien
Gendered Arrests Or Gendered Sentencing: Explaining The Narrowing Of The Gender Gap In Imprisonment Over Time: 1970–2008, Mark G. Harmon, Robert M. O'Brien
Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications and Presentations
Since 1970 the percentage of women incarcerated in U.S. prisons has risen from nearly 3 percent to almost 7 percent—more than doubling in less than 40 years. This article examines explanations for this phenomenon—concentrating on two: Changes in the relative rates of arrest for females and males and sentencing reforms that were instituted during this period. The authors examine trends in female to male imprisonment rates from 1970 to 2008 across all fifty states using panel analysis. The only robust relationship they find is between the ratio of female to male incarceration rates and the ratio of female to male …