Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Capitalism And Criminal Justice, Peter Kraska, John Brent

Peter Kraska

Capitalism and Criminal Justice examines how state and economic forces work together through a dialectic process in efforts to prepare social and cultural capital for economic accumulation. This unique book demonstrates the close working relationship between the state and market by focusing on two recent trends: the emergence of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (cage-fighting) and the use of performance enhancing drugs (PEDs). These trends are examined as illustrative of the state/market nexus in sanctioning and criminalizing transgressive behaviors. The books aims to both deepen criminology’s understanding of the criminalization/legalization process, and introduce a genre of theoretical work not often employed …

Community Policing: A Contemporary Perspective, Victor Kappeler, Larry Gaines

Vic Kappeler

This introductory textbook covers the theory and practice of community policing. Topics include (for example) citizen attitudes towards the police; the impact of fear of crime; and police officers as community outreach specialists. The accompanying study guide identifies learning objectives and provides an outline, a list of key terms, review questions, and exercises for each chapter. Correct answers are given at the back of the volume.

Felon Disenfranchisement The Judiciary’S Role In Renegotiating Racial Divisions, Brian Schaefer, Peter Kraska

Peter Kraska

Felon disenfranchisement is deeply rooted in U.S. history as a form of punishment and as a tool to inhibit African Americans from voting. Today, there are 5.3 million U.S.

residents politically disenfranchised due to a felony conviction—about 2 million of whom are African Americans. The overrepresentation of African Americans disenfranchised, and the U.S. history of racism, brings forth the question of how these laws continue to exist. The objective of this study is to demonstrate, through a socio–legal approach, the federal court system’s role in perpetuating and maintaining the ethnoracial divisions in society through the validation and rationalization of felon …

Effective Police Management Of The Media, Brian Kingshott

Brian F. Kingshott

The adoption of the community policing philosophy identifies the need for closer ties to the community by keeping them informed of their police department’s actions and strategies. The major conduit for this information is not the new departmental website but by the media; radio, television, and newsprint. That places a responsibility on the police (and other law enforcement agencies) to establish a police-media relationship based upon mutual respect and trust. This paper examines the roles of the media and the police in serious incident investigations and questions whether the police-media relationship could be improved by training. Keywords: police; media; management; …

Policing In America, Victor Kappeler, Larry Gaines

Vic Kappeler

This comprehensive text provides an overview of law enforcement topics, integrating major empirical findings and theory-based research findings in the field with a thorough analysis of contemporary policing problems. The issues-oriented discussion focuses on critical concerns facing American police, including personnel systems, organization and management, operations, discretion, use of force, culture and behavior, ethics and deviance, civil liability and police-community relations. A critical assessment of police history and the role politics played in the development of American police institutions is offered. Globalization, terrorism and homeland security are addressed.

Criminal Justice And Criminology Research Methods, Peter Kraska, W. Neuman

Peter Kraska

A rigorous yet engaging text that offers balanced coverage of contemporary research methods. Filled with criminal justice and criminology examples, it demonstrates how research is relevant to the field and what tools are needed to actually conduct that research. Streamlined in this edition, it offers distinct coverage of qualitative research and quantitative research. With its real-life examples and cutting-edge content, the text goes beyond the nuts and bolts to teach students how to competently critique as well as create research-based knowledge.

Cohabiting, Family And Community Stressors, Selection, And Juvenile Delinquency, Christopher Kierkus, Brian Johnson, John Hewitt

Christopher A. Kierkus

Prior research has established that children from traditional, two-parent nuclear families experience a lower risk of delinquency than children raised in alternative family structures. However, many studies have ignored the effect of parental cohabiting on delinquent development. A growing body of research suggests that cohabiting (even among biological parents) may be harmful to children. This study tests the hypothesis that cohabiting is associated with four different types of delinquent behavior. It examines two theoretical models, a family stress model and a community stress/selection model, as possible explanations of ‘‘the cohabiting effect.’’ The analysis reveals that cohabiting is generally associated with …

Unbundling Of Legal Services: Selected Resources, Ruth Stevens

Ruth Stevens

No abstract provided.

Johnny Cash: The Criminologist Within, Patrick Gerkin, Aaron Rider, John Hewitt

Patrick Gerkin

This paper examines the criminological underpinnings of song lyrics in the collection of Johnny Cash. We have examined the lyrics of 60 songs performed by Johnny Cash (although not necessarily written by Cash) that reflect on issues including crime, prison, chain gangs, the death penalty, and redemption. Using a content analysis of these lyrics, we examined Cash’s criminological view of crime and punishment. While not versed in criminological theory, Cash nonetheless sang eloquently of a rational choice model of crime in which offenders accepted responsibility for their acts, punishment was justified, and yet incarceration should be humane and rehabilitative.

Property Crimes At O'Hare International Airport Post 9/11: The Impact Of Increased Security, Brian Johnson, Christine Yalda, Christopher Kierkus

Christopher A. Kierkus

The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks permanently transformed aviation security, generating more intensive security-related practices. Although these enhanced security measures primarily sought to prevent future terrorist attacks, they also may have provided a secondary benefit of reducing property crimes at airports. The present case study examines changes in airport security at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport post-9/11 in the context of routine activities theory. The study first posits that increased security measures at O'Hare should have resulted in increased capable guardianship, thereby reducing the number of suitable targets and criminal opportunities for motivated offenders. After identifying various changes in airport security …

Methamphetamine Use And Criminal Behavior, Michael Gizzi, Patrick Gerkin

Patrick Gerkin

This research seeks to broaden our understanding of methamphetamine’s (meth’s) place within the study of drugs and crime. Through extensive court records research and interviews with 200 offenders in local jails in western Colorado, this research contributes to the creation of a meth user profile and begins to identify the place of meth in the drug—crime nexus. The study compares the criminal behavior of meth users with other drug users, finding that meth users are more likely than other drug users to be drunk or high at the time of arrest and claim their crimes were related to drug use …

Property Crime At O'Hare International Airport: An Examination Of The Routine Activities Approach, Brian Johnson, Christine Yalda, Christopher Kierkus

Christine A. Yalda

The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks permanently transformed aviation security, generating more intensive security-related practices. Although these enhanced security measures primarily sought to prevent future terrorist attacks, they also may have provided a secondary benefit of reducing property crimes at airports. The present case study examines changes in airport security at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport post-9/11 in the context of routine activities theory. The study first posits that increased security measures at O'Hare should have resulted in increased capable guardianship, thereby reducing the number of suitable targets and criminal opportunities for motivated offenders. After identifying various changes in airport security …

State Primary Law Materials In A Digital Era, Ruth Stevens, Jane Edwards

Ruth Stevens

No abstract provided.

Suicide By Proxy: Revisiting The Problem Of Suicide By Cop, Brian Kingshott

Brian F. Kingshott

This article discusses the problem of suicide by cop, a colloquial term used to describe a suicidal incident whereby the suicidal subject engages in a consciously life-threatening behavior to the degree that it compels a police officer to respond with deadly force. Suicide is a global problem, a leading cause of death in the world, claiming about 30,000 lives in the United States each year, and approximately 1 million annually world-wide. For law enforcement personnel to engage in an intervention strategy to protect the innocent and to prevent suicide is an expected response to the 9-1-1 call. Officers do respond …

Participation In Victim-Offender Mediation: Lessons Learned From Observations, Patrick Gerkin

Patrick Gerkin

Victim—offender mediation has grown to establish itself among criminal justice practices as an alternative to traditionally retributive notions of justice. As the number of programs claiming to be restorative in nature continues to grow, victim—offender mediation programs are emerging as one of the state's preferred delivery methods for restorative justice. Restorative practices, including victim—offender mediation, are inclusive practices. Participation is not only encouraged, it is a necessary element for victim—offender mediation to achieve restorative outcomes. Through the use of observations and content analysis of agreements produced in victim—offender mediation, this research uncovers several impediments to individual participation, including problems in …

Women In Policing: Changing The Organizational Culture By Adopting A Feminist Perspective On Leadership, Brian Kingshott

Brian F. Kingshott

Issues of leadership identified in the current literature, with particular reference to leadership found in all organizations, are discussed in an attempt to identify aspects of classical leadership that may be of particular value within the police service. Historically little emphasis is placed upon the ethical parameters of policing thereby an organizational culture that has a hyper-masculine social structure to define their norms and that structure is often the catalyst for adverse experiences for female police officers. The police culture is often misogynist but the role of women is important in policing therefore the influence of feminist ethics and descriptors …

Community Policing: A Contemporary Perspective, Victor Kappeler, Larry Gaines

Vic Kappeler

This text explores community policing - a philosophy and an organizational strategy that expands the traditional police mandate. It broadens the focus of fighting crime to include solving community problems, urging police to form a partnership with the people in the community so average citizens can contribute to the police process in exchange for their support and participation. Now includes a chapter on Community Crime Prevention. Profiles feature community policing programs in various cities, and problem-solving case studies cover special topics. Includes ten principles of community policing, profiles in community policing, and problem-solving case studies.

Injustice For All: A State Crime Of Omission Beneath The Steps Of The United States Capitol, Patrick Gerkin, Lauren Teal, Linda Reinstein

Patrick Gerkin

This research examines a state crime of omission by members of the Office of the Architect of the Capitol. These crimes were perpetrated against a group of employees charged with maintaining the underground utility tunnels beneath the United States Capitol. Through a secondary analysis of congressional testimony; citations and documents issued by the Office of Compliance; medical records; and various media accounts of the events, this research seeks to examine the perpetrators’ actions as a state crime of omission and offer a theoretical explanation. Our findings suggest the actions and inactions of the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, …

Rss Feeds: Worth Another Look, Ruth Stevens

Ruth Stevens

No abstract provided.

A Leadership Approach To Criminal Justice Education: Developing Tomorrow's Decision Makers, Brian Kingshott

Brian F. Kingshott

Justice delivery in criminal law systems depends on the quality of the decisions of its members; then fair and equitable delivery of justice should be its central goal. Criminal justice educators need to develop their students into persons who are capable of making these decisions. When the knowledge and skills needed to make these tough decisions are examined they are shown to be the same skills that make someone an effective leader and manager. Incorporating leadership education and making ‘leadership skills’ an identified outcome of undergraduate and graduate criminal justice curricula will prepare students to be effective leaders and managers …

Print And Online Resources For Factual Investigation In Connection With Real-Estate Transactions, Ruth Stevens

Ruth Stevens

No abstract provided.

An Assessment Of The Terrorist Threat To Use A Nuclear (Ind) Or Radiological (Rdd) Device In An Attack, Brian Kingshott

Brian F. Kingshott

This paper will discuss terrorism from the perspective of a terrorist organisation acquiring nuclear material to build weapons and how security of radiological material world wide will minimise the risk of such devices being used. It will discuss the need to improve security at nuclear waste processing and storage sites and the adequacy of current security. It will also discuss the phenomenon of suicide attacks by the bomb carriers and the role of the media in informing and educating the general public of the consequences should such a device containing nuclear material be detonated.

Social Skills Training: Effects On Behavior And Recidivism With First-Time Adjudicated Youth, Kathleen Bailey, James Ballard

Kathleen Bailey

This study examines the effects of social skills training on a group of first-time adjudicated male offenders from the juvenile justice system. Three types of groups were used to evaluate the effects of such programs on behavioral change. These groups included youth who received: 1) social skills training with parents or guardians; 2) social skills training without parents or guardians; 3) no skills training. Differences in the scales and subscales scores from the Jesness Inventory standardized test were evaluated and analyzed in conjunction with the type of offenses (status, misdemeanor, and felony) for the three groups. This exploratory study yielded …

Police And Society: Touchstone Readings, Vic Kappeler

Vic Kappeler

The articles in this collection reveal fundamental assumptions about the relationship of the police to society. Articles were selected for both their complementary and their competing natures. They serve as touchstones for one another, measuring and questioning the value of previous conceptions about how policing fits into the broader social context. Many of the articles challenge the methods by which information was acquired, how practices evolved from that information, and the background assumptions that drove the construction of practices and theories. The editor's purpose in assembling this provocative volume is to facilitate systematic inquiry to help readers discover connections, to …

Police Civil Liability: Supreme Court Cases And Materials, Victor Kappeler

Vic Kappeler

The thirty-five Supreme Court cases in the second edition provide a solid, accessible foundation for understanding civil liability law and its impact on policing operations and management. This resource also includes a brief review of the basics of judicial reasoning and a short introduction on how to brief cases. These materials and the discussion questions at the end of each section help readers understand the process of legal inquiry and analysis and the changing nature of police civil liability law.

Profiling In The Context Of Crisis Negotiations, Brian Kingshott

Brian F. Kingshott

In this paper the author will discuss aspects of organisational culture, management and leadership roles, individual and group dynamics, feminist ethics and Trait Theories of Personality in order to assist in the psychological profiling of an offender in order to provide an effective crisis negotiation strategy.

Contract Law Resources, Ruth Stevens

Ruth Stevens

No abstract provided.

Understanding And Surviving An Aircraft Hijack, Brian Kingshott

Brian F. Kingshott

Although aircraft hijacking (air piracy) incidents have decreased since the 1970s and 80s, the possibility of an incident occurring remains a threat that should not be ignored. In this paper, discussion will focus on a terrorist incident occurring whereby armed personnel seize an aircraft in flight and hold all passengers and crew as hostages. The common factors associated with acts of air piracy include, but are not limited to, high state of fear, apprehension, indecisiveness, as well as physical and psychological trauma. By knowing the possible actions, or reactions, of all involved will allow individuals to deal with this trauma.

Police Culture, Ethics And Entitlement Theory, Brian Kingshott

Brian F. Kingshott

Using entitlement theory as a lens for viewing police relationships, this paper will explore the police culture and provide a theoretical foundation for understanding police behavior and their response to stress. Entitlement theory suggests that individuals may develop impairments in their ability to empathize and behave in a mutually respectful manner, given significant relationships in which they have been under-entitled, and/or traumatic experiences that have not been appropriately processed. It is proposed that early attachment experiences, the ensuing view of self and others, the police training and work culture, and traumatic experiences in the line of duty all contribute to …

Police Culture, Ethics And Entitlement Theory, Kathleen Bailey, Suzanne Wolfe, Brian Kingshott

Kathleen Bailey

Using entitlement theory as a lens for viewing police relationships, this paper will explore the police culture and provide a theoretical foundation for understanding police behavior and their response to stress. Entitlement theory suggests that individuals may develop impairments in their ability to empathize and behave in a mutually respectful manner, given significant relationships in which they have been underentitled, and/or traumatic experiences that have not been appropriately processed. It is proposed that early attachment experiences, the ensuing view of self and others, the police training and work culture, and traumatic experiences in the line of duty all contribute to …