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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Philanthropic Justice: The Role Of Private Foundations In Transitional Justice Processes, Julia Emtseva
Philanthropic Justice: The Role Of Private Foundations In Transitional Justice Processes, Julia Emtseva
Michigan Journal of International Law
In recent years, political transitions have become a major area of interest to private actors, including philanthropies. More and more philanthropic foundations have chosen to donate money to support transitional justice processes across the globe. However, philanthropies often take on not only the role of a funder but also the role of an active participant in transitional justice (TJ) mechanisms. They push for the building of long-lasting partnerships with state authorities and international organizations, and, sometimes, take over and administer certain transitional justice processes. As a result, philanthropic foundations wield considerable power in transitional justice, especially when the state cannot …
Financing The World Health Organization: What Lessons For Multilateralism?, Kristina Daugirdas, Gian Luca Burci
Financing The World Health Organization: What Lessons For Multilateralism?, Kristina Daugirdas, Gian Luca Burci
Articles
When it comes to financing the work of international organizations, voluntary contributions from both state and nonstate actors are growing in size and importance. The World Health Organization (WHO) is an extreme case from this perspective, with voluntary contributions - mostly earmarked for particular purposes - comprising more than 80 percent of its funds. Moreover, nonstate actors are by now supplying almost half of WHO’s funds, with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation ranking as the second-highest contributor after the United States. A number of public-health and international relations scholars have expressed alarm over these trends, arguing that heavy reliance …
International Law And Political Philosophy: Uncovering New Linkages, Steven R. Ratner
International Law And Political Philosophy: Uncovering New Linkages, Steven R. Ratner
Articles
The legal regime regulating cross-border investment gives key rights to foreign investors and places significant duties on states hosting that investment. It also raises distinctive moral questions due to its potential to constrain a state’s ability to manage its economy and protect its people. Yet international investment law remains virtually untouched as a subject of philosophical inquiry. The questions of international political morality surrounding investment rules can be mapped through the lens of two critiques of the law – that it systemically takes advantage of the global South and that it constrains the policy choices of states hosting investment. Each …
Rethinking Legality/Legitimacy After The Iraq War, Christine Chinkin
Rethinking Legality/Legitimacy After The Iraq War, Christine Chinkin
Book Chapters
My topic is legality and legitimacy after the Iraq war. I will start by problematizing the question. First, it is too limited. Why should the question be defined in terms of "after the Iraq war;' not after some other event such as the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo where some four million people have died and where the health consequences of HIV/ AIDS will continue for generations? Events, even catastrophic events, from which powerful actors have remained aloof, have little visibility as key incidents in the evolution of international law. They are not deemed the "moments of …
A Research Agenda For International Law Librarianship, Barbara H. Garavaglia
A Research Agenda For International Law Librarianship, Barbara H. Garavaglia
Book Chapters
The goal of the Research Agenda for International Law Librarianship is to suggest research priorities for law librarians around the world. It is hoped that the Agenda, created by the Board of the International Association of Law Libraries (IALL) will inspire creative thinking and stimulate research, publication and educational programmes by law librarians and legal information professionals on the most important topics, issues, trends and developments in the field.
Sex, Gender, And September 11, Hilary Charlesworth, Christine M. Chinkin
Sex, Gender, And September 11, Hilary Charlesworth, Christine M. Chinkin
Articles
The October 2001 issue of the American Journal ofInternational Law contained several editorials on the international law implications of the hijackings of September 11, 2001, and their aftermath.' In one respect these editorials resemble other writings on these events in academic and popular media: questions of sex and gender are largely overlooked.' In our view, however, concepts of sex and gender provide a valuable perspective on these devastating actions.' We use the term "sex" here to refer to issues about women as distinct biological beings from men, and the term "gender" to encompass social understandings of femininity and masculinity. Although …
Alternatives To Economic Sanctions, Christine M. Chinkin
Alternatives To Economic Sanctions, Christine M. Chinkin
Book Chapters
Considering the merits of non-coercive alternatives to economic sanctions inevitably risks the charges of idealism and naIvete. However a number of speakers in this conference have raised considerable doubts about the efficacy of sanctions: even on their own terms sanctions rarely work and the material costs to non-targeted states and the implications for human rights make their justification problematic, even when they can in some sense be said to have worked. It therefore makes sense at least to give consideration to some non- coercive alternatives, either in conjunction with sanctioning policies or separate from them. The other alternative is the …
International Law And The United Nations, University Of Michigan Law School
International Law And The United Nations, University Of Michigan Law School
Summer Institute on International and Comparative Law
In June, 1955, the University of Michigan Law School held a six-day Summer Institute dealing with problems of international law and of the United Nations. This was the eighth in the series of annual Summer Institutes dealing with important problems in areas of public concern, often with particular emphasis upon the comparative or international law aspects involved. The 1955 Institute came at the time of the tenth anniversary of the signing of the United Nations Charter on June 26, 1945, and approximately a decade after the termination of hostilities in World War II. The growth of the United Nations during …
Monroe Doctrine Its Status, John F. Simmons
Monroe Doctrine Its Status, John F. Simmons
Michigan Law Review
In 1895. President Cleveland in his message to Congress in regard to what has come to be known as the "Venezuela affair" said the Monroe Doctrine "has its place in the code of international law as certainly and as securely as if it were specifically mentioned." To test the accuracy of this statement we must determine as closely as possible what the Monroe Doctrine is and what is the correct meaning of the term "code of international law." Having settled our definitions the issue will be clearly defined and its discussion possibly profitable.
Privileges Of Ambassadors And Foreign Ministers, Charles Noble Gregory
Privileges Of Ambassadors And Foreign Ministers, Charles Noble Gregory
Michigan Law Review
The United States receives diplomatic representatives from thirty-seven nations and accredits her representatives to them in return. Six of these on each side are of the highest rank, namely, "Ambassadors Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary," being those received from and accredited to the five great powers of Europe, Austria-Hungary, Germany, Great Britain, Italy and Russia, and to our sister Republic of Mexico. The rest are almost without exception "Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers Plenipotentiary," standing in the second rank of "Les Employés Diplomatiques," to use the term adopted at the Congress of Vienna (1815) where the relative rank was determined which attaches to …