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Articles 1 - 27 of 27
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Policing In A Democratic Constitution, Michael Wasco
Policing In A Democratic Constitution, Michael Wasco
Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design
Most constitutions contain provisions relating to or impacting policing. Separate from the armed forces and intelligence services, the police are the state’s internal security apparatus, and codifying issues related to policing within a constitution can ensure efficient service delivery and human rights protections.
Originating from the Libyan constitution making process, this paper provides a taxonomy of options for constitution drafters and scholars. More so than other issues, such as separation of powers or human rights protections generally, policing sections are very country specific. While not advocating for specific best practices, the work gives ample justifications for certain policing principles and …
We Are All Farkhunda: An Examination Of The Treatment Of Women Within Afghanistan's Formal Legal System, Ashley Lenderman
We Are All Farkhunda: An Examination Of The Treatment Of Women Within Afghanistan's Formal Legal System, Ashley Lenderman
Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design
In this paper, I will examine three cases of violence against women that went through the Afghan formal legal system: the case of Farkhunda, the Paghman district gang rape case, and the case of Sahar Gul. In the first Part, I will discuss the formal legal system framework on which the cases are based. In the second Part, I will discuss the cases in detail. In the third Part, I will describe neo-liberal, reformist, and neo-fundamentalist approaches to interpretation of Islamic law, and I will then draw out pieces of the decisions from the three cases that closely match these …
Taxonomy Of Minority Governments, Lisa La Fornara
Taxonomy Of Minority Governments, Lisa La Fornara
Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design
A minority government in its most basic form is a government in which the party holding the most parliamentary seats still has fewer than half the seats in parliament and therefore cannot pass legislation or advance policy without support from unaffiliated parties. Because seats in minority parliaments are more evenly distributed amongst multiple parties, opposition parties have greater opportunity to block legislation. A minority government must therefore negotiate with external parties and adjust its policies to garner the majority of votes required to advance its initiatives.
This paper serves as a taxonomy of minority governments in recent history and proceeds …
Security Council Resolution 2178 (2014): An Ineffective Response To The Foreign Terrorist Fighter Phenomenon, Cory Kopitzke
Security Council Resolution 2178 (2014): An Ineffective Response To The Foreign Terrorist Fighter Phenomenon, Cory Kopitzke
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Thousands of foreign terrorist fighters poured into the Middle East from almost every country across the globe. Radicalized by professionally edited videos and propaganda disseminated through the Internet, people from all walks of life were captivated by the Islamic State's rhetoric, and nations were struggling to figure out how to stop them. One solution came in the form of a United Nations Security Council Resolution- Resolution 2178 (2014). This resolution is directed specifically at foreign terrorist fighters and calls upon all Member States to act with haste to address this new phenomenon. Critics were quick to call into question the …
The Politics Of Electoral Systems In The Former Yugoslav Republic Of Macedonia, Dardan Berisha
The Politics Of Electoral Systems In The Former Yugoslav Republic Of Macedonia, Dardan Berisha
Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design
The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (“FYROM”) experienced four major changes to its electoral system in the eight parliamentary elections held between 1990 and 2014. The Macedonian 1990 and 1994 parliamentary elections were held under a majority system, in which 120 members of the Parliament were elected from 120 constituencies, one member per constituency. A mixed-majority/proportional representation (“PR”) system was adopted for the 1998 elections, in which eighty-five seats were elected under the majority system from the constituencies, and thirty-five seats were elected proportionally from a nation-wide electoral district. Yet another system was adopted for the 2002 elections, in which …
Citizens Of Sinking Islands: Early Victims Of Climate Change, Erin Halstead
Citizens Of Sinking Islands: Early Victims Of Climate Change, Erin Halstead
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
This Note discusses the effects of climate change that threaten Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Specifically, with increasing global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting in rising sea levels and higher frequency of extreme weather events, many citizens of SIDS are forced abandon their homelands, which are no longer livable. Although SIDS are some of the smallest contributors to GHG emissions, and therefore contribute the least to climate change, SIDS are some of the countries most heavily affected by the negative effects of climate change. The global community has an obligation to accommodate these displaced people, partially due to the significant …
State Ownership And The United Nations Business And Human Rights Agenda: Three Instruments, Three Narratives, Mikko Rajavuori
State Ownership And The United Nations Business And Human Rights Agenda: Three Instruments, Three Narratives, Mikko Rajavuori
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
The rise of globally-oriented state ownership has emerged as a crucial issue across political, economic, and legal planes during the past decade. Contrary to the traditional approach where state ownership is viewed primarily through trade law, antitrust law, and corporate law, this article discusses the proliferating state shareholder power in relation to international human rights law. In particular, the article interrogates three recent U.N. human rights governance instruments by using narratives that highlight perils, potential, and specialty of state ownership in the emerging business and human rights agenda. It is argued that the U.N. instruments realize the changes in the …
Toward An International Constitution Of Patient Rights, Alison Poklaski
Toward An International Constitution Of Patient Rights, Alison Poklaski
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
In the past decade, medical tourism-the travel of patients across borders to receive medical treatment-has undergone unprecedented growth, fueled by the globalization of health care and related industries. While medical tourism can benefit patients through increased access to treatment and cost-savings, medical travel also raises concerns about ensuring quality of care and legal redress in medical malpractice. Moreover, existing regulations fail to address these unprecedented issues. The multilateral adoption of an International Constitution of Patient Rights (ICPR) is necessary in order to more effectively preserve medical tourism's benefits and guard against its risks.
Taking To The Sea: The Modern Seasteading Movement In The Context Of Other Historical Intentional Communities, Megan Binder
Taking To The Sea: The Modern Seasteading Movement In The Context Of Other Historical Intentional Communities, Megan Binder
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Though its mission may seem to belong to the realm of science fiction-establishing self-sufficient, floating cities on the high seas-the modern seasteading movement is simply the next iteration of mankind's long quest to establish more perfect societies. If they wish to accomplish their goals, seasteaders must be prepared to confront and overcome serious obstacles on technological, social, and legal fronts. Reviewing other historical examples of intentional communities offers a glimpse of the potential challenges that are common across all such movements and suggests that, to ensure long-term success, seasteaders may benefit longterm from pursuing international recognition of sovereignty for their …
Fractured Territories And Abstracted Terrains: Human Rights Governance Regimes Within And Beyond The State, Larry Catá Backer
Fractured Territories And Abstracted Terrains: Human Rights Governance Regimes Within And Beyond The State, Larry Catá Backer
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
The problem of representation has become a central element for the development of human rights norms, not just within international organizations, but within states as well. The problem has been made acute by two significant changes in the organization of power that became visible after the 1950s. On one hand, the idea of the individual became more abstract. Mass democracy became symptomatic of a general trend toward the dissolution of the individual within a mass population, which was incarnated as the aggregation of its group characteristics, its statistics, and data. On the other hand, states were becoming less solid; the …
Some Newly Emergent Geographies Of Injustice: Boundaries And Borders In International Law, Upendra V. Baxi
Some Newly Emergent Geographies Of Injustice: Boundaries And Borders In International Law, Upendra V. Baxi
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
This conversation examines the relationship between the boundaries and borders in international law and the production of geographies of injustice through the lens of the colonial epistemologies, especially of private international law in the face of mass social disasters like the archetypal Bhopal catastrophe. I also address the languages and logics of coloniality and postcoloniality, as states of consciousness and social organization, under the complex and contradictory unity of neoliberalism.
Statehood, Power, And The New Face Of Consent, Sheldon Leader
Statehood, Power, And The New Face Of Consent, Sheldon Leader
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Individuals and groups are often subjected to power, both public and private, by eliciting their consent. Debate usually focuses on whether or not that consent is freely given or is vitiated by imbalances of strength between the bargaining parties. This essay focuses on a different issue, one that is largely passed over in legal and moral analyses: how far does and should consent bind one to accepting in advance changes in the future? There are signs of a fundamental shift in answering this question-a shift that particularly concerns the control of power in the economy. Industrial democracies may be abandoning …
Corporations And The Limits Of State-Based Models For Protecting Fundamental Rights In International Law, David Bilchitz
Corporations And The Limits Of State-Based Models For Protecting Fundamental Rights In International Law, David Bilchitz
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
At the heart of international law lies a central tension. On the one hand, the fundamental rights recognized in international treaties protect the fundamental interests of individuals, obligating all actors who can affect these rights. One the other hand, international law has often been conceived of as a system in which the only legitimate actors are states. In turn, only states can be bound by the fundamental rights obligations in international treaties. To address this tension, two models have been proposed. The first is an "Indirect duty" approach, whereby the state remains the primary duty-bearer and must itself "create" the …
Surviving The Crisis And Austerity: The Coping Strategies Of Portuguese Households, Catarina F. Frade, Lina Coelho
Surviving The Crisis And Austerity: The Coping Strategies Of Portuguese Households, Catarina F. Frade, Lina Coelho
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
In recent years, Southern European households have been facing acute economic hardship involving falling incomes, rising unemployment, devalued investment portfolios, and a growing burden of debt. This means most households have been forced to make unusual adjustments to their expenditure and living standards. However, Portuguese society has revealed the capacity to deal with austerity through the way households are resorting to self-mobilization and solidarity-based strategies. These adjustment strategies are inscribed in a cultural framework in which familial values, prevalent in Southern European societies, stand out in supporting a strong, operative welfare society. This feature is confirmed hereby through empirical research …
Evidence-Based Stakeholder Engagement: The Promise Of Randomized Control Trials For Business And Human Rights, Patrick J. Keenan
Evidence-Based Stakeholder Engagement: The Promise Of Randomized Control Trials For Business And Human Rights, Patrick J. Keenan
Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality
When a large-scale development project comes to a poor country, that project typically comes with a stakeholder engagement plan, which structures the relationship between those affected by the new project and the proponents of the project. The plan sorts those affected by the project into categories, distributes economic benefits differentially based on those categories, allocates other benefits which can increase or decrease the social power of those affected, defines the ways that people harmed by the project may seek redress for their injuries, and might even modify existing governance structures. In the past decade, through the efforts of large institutional …
The Greek Debt Crisis: The Need For "Heroic" Economic Policy Reforms In The European Economic And Monetary Union, Peter Robbins
The Greek Debt Crisis: The Need For "Heroic" Economic Policy Reforms In The European Economic And Monetary Union, Peter Robbins
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Greece is in the midst of a devastating economic and financial crisis that the European Union has been trying ardently to resolve since the default of Lehman Brothers in 2008. A significant number of other European Union (EU) Member States are also in crisis due to various state-level economic and monetary causes. Meanwhile, the European Union has consistently used the existing treaty articles and legislation within its competence to impose traditional and homogenized austerity measures on highly indebted Member States, most notably Greece. In sum, the European Union has zealously advocated for fiscal conservatism driven by the German "diber-fear" of …
Using A Community-Based Strategy To Address The Impacts Of Globalization On Underwater Cultural Heritage Management In The Dominican Republic, Lydia Barbash-Riley
Using A Community-Based Strategy To Address The Impacts Of Globalization On Underwater Cultural Heritage Management In The Dominican Republic, Lydia Barbash-Riley
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
This Note addresses the management of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) in the Dominican Republic as a case study of the effects of two aspects of globalization on cultural and environmental resource management in the developing world: the international convergence of values and the horizontal delegation of state power to private actors due to economic constraints. This Note posits that even as the global community of states moves toward a consensus on the ethical management of the UCH, this convergence combined with the global trend of horizontal delegation may incentivize some lesser-developed countries to deal with the economic pressures of …
Critical Cultural Translation: A Socio-Legal Framework For Regulatory Orders, Laura A. Foster
Critical Cultural Translation: A Socio-Legal Framework For Regulatory Orders, Laura A. Foster
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
The making of legal regulatory orders has become increasingly transnational as legal ideas travel and are adopted, discarded, and refigured. Socio-legal scholars have recently turned to the framework of translation to guide examinations of how law changes from one context to the next and how law itself translates and transforms the subjects and objects it governs. Drawing upon science studies and feminist theory, this article develops critical cultural translation as possible socio-legal methodology and praxis for the study of transnational regulatory orders. Furthering this line of inquiry, it addresses the regulation of benefit sharing and the patenting of indigenous San …
What Could Be Gained In Translation: Legal Language And Lawyer-Linguists In A Globalized World, Samantha Hargitt
What Could Be Gained In Translation: Legal Language And Lawyer-Linguists In A Globalized World, Samantha Hargitt
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
Translation and interpretation have long played a vital role in many legal contexts, from providing equal rights to defendants to facilitating mutual understanding among the members of the United Nations. Legal language, though, is incredibly complex and even faithfully equivalent translations can fail to meet the high standards required for operation in international legal contexts, where a lack of understanding over a single term could mean the difference between a material and non-material breach in a treaty or transnational contract. Branches of linguistics, such as comparative legal linguistics and forensic linguistics, study the characteristics and functions of legal language across …
“Advancing With The Times: Industrial Design Protection In The Era Of Virtual Migration”, Horacio E. Gutiérrez
“Advancing With The Times: Industrial Design Protection In The Era Of Virtual Migration”, Horacio E. Gutiérrez
IP Theory
No abstract provided.
Let Privateers Marque Terrorism: A Proposal For A Reawakening, Robert P. Dewitte
Let Privateers Marque Terrorism: A Proposal For A Reawakening, Robert P. Dewitte
Indiana Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Cultural Identities And Global Political Economy From An Anthropological Vantage Point, Davydd J. Greenwood
Cultural Identities And Global Political Economy From An Anthropological Vantage Point, Davydd J. Greenwood
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
No abstract provided.
Constitutionalism, Democracy And Foreign Affairs, Louis Henkin
Constitutionalism, Democracy And Foreign Affairs, Louis Henkin
Indiana Law Journal
No abstract provided.
China's Use Of International Law In Border Disputes: The Cases Of India And The Soviet Union, Larry R. Schreiter
China's Use Of International Law In Border Disputes: The Cases Of India And The Soviet Union, Larry R. Schreiter
IUSTITIA
Despite American "containment" in the fifties and sixties, China was nevertheless a major actor on the international scene. The loci of China's practice of international politics ranged from the Bandung Conference to its ideological foray into European politics following the Hungarian rebellion in 1956. Along with this activism in the international environment, China turned her attention in the late fifties to the question of gaining mutual agreements with her neighbors on the delineation and regulation of the boundaries. This concern brought about some marked changes in bilateral foreign policy, and required dealings of both an ideological as well as technical …
From Stockholm To Nairobi To Caracas: Route Toward A New International Law?, Lynton K. Caldwell
From Stockholm To Nairobi To Caracas: Route Toward A New International Law?, Lynton K. Caldwell
IUSTITIA
In the future, as in the past, one function of international law will be to formalize and clarify procedures to deal with emergent problems. The international environmental developments noted in this paper, e.g. global monitoring, supervision of the seabed, protection of endangered species, resource allocation, and many others, will require institutional arrangements differing from those with which nations have had experience. Innovation in legal principles and procedures is an almost certain consequence of such developments. Innovations in principle have been among the more obvious outputs of the international environmental conferences and programs since 1968. As these principles are translated, often …
Communist Chinese Attitudes Toward United Nations Membership 1945-1971 An Essay, Victoria E. Docauer
Communist Chinese Attitudes Toward United Nations Membership 1945-1971 An Essay, Victoria E. Docauer
IUSTITIA
Let us here examine the question of Communist Chinese representation in the United Nations in the context of a broader question: the attitude of Communist China toward international law. Was it only United States interference which kept Communist China out of the United Nations? What is the position of Communist China in regard to international law? Has the People's Republic been the lawless nation that it is sometimes described to be? In an attempt to provide questions, one must examine those arguments which emphasize the lawlessness of Communist China and seek to determine the attitude of the Communist Chinese toward …
Treaty-Making Power With Special Reference To The Untied States, Amos S. Hershey
Treaty-Making Power With Special Reference To The Untied States, Amos S. Hershey
Indiana Law Journal
No abstract provided.