Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Toward A Critical Theory Of Female Criminality, Ann Curry Thompson

IUSTITIA

Twentieth-century theories about female criminality are the weakest link in conventional criminology, representing the most conservative and unscientific thinking about human nature and social organization. Traditional thinking about female criminality reflects the general inability of conventional theorists to examine categories of sex, race, and class oppression as determined by the basic social structure of a particular society and as they relate to deviance and crime. The result has been that female deviance has been analyzed solely in light of assumptions about women's biological nature. Whether there is indeed something distinctive about female crime which can be explained apart from a …

The Conflicts Between Female Inmates' Needs And Prisoners' Goals, Aline L. Mohr

IUSTITIA

A comparison of the purposes behind the existence of male and female institutions reveals that several common goals exist: custody, deterrence, and rehabilitation. An examination of these goals of women's prisons can be best understood in the context of whom they are aimed to serve. If the goals are to serve society alone, then the custody of female offenders is undoubtedly viewed as an accomplished goal, since society is protected and secure from the infliction of criminal acts by these female offenders. However, if the goals are directed at the inmates as well, deterrence of further criminal activity and rehabilitation …

Robert M. O'Neil's Discriminating Against Discrimination: A Review, Karen Ruse Strueh

IUSTITIA

It is difficult these days to find anyone who will deny that racial minorities have been discriminated against in the area of educational opportunities. Few will deny the desirability of enhancing these opportunities and increasing the number of minority persons in the various professions. But very few will agree on the means that are appropriate to accomplish this desirable end. Robert O'Neil has tackled the awesome task of pinpointing and evaluating the policy considerations that affect the tough choices involved in formulating standards for admissions to professional school programs that will promote academic quality but at the same time allow …

Two Hundred Years Later?, Yvonne Stam

IUSTITIA

The revival of feminism is in many ways different from its earlier stage, although this may in large part be due to what the early feminists accomplished. They were more concerned with substantive legal change-property rights, child custody, divorce, suffrage, and others. In addition to filling in some of the substantive right gaps, we today are more concerned with social attitudes and the exercise of legal rights. Although modern-day feminists have advocated the passage of some reform legislation particularly, the Equal Rights Amendment, much of the focus of the movement is on social and cultural changes.

Sexism In Special Education, Patricia H. Gillespie, Albert H. Fink

IUSTITIA

The educational establishment is now reflecting the concerns of womanhood. Grudgingly, and even painfully, it seems to some, the large and complicated system of formal education acknowledges the existence of practices which are sexist both in conception and operation. At one level this sexism is directed, at many levels of awareness, toward the functionaries of the system. The economic oppression of teachers, who are mostly female, is an obvious expression of the phenomenon. Another benchmark is the limited career development opportunities available to women as educational managers and academics.

At yet another level, not the less dangerous for being more …

Present Status Of Women In Professional Athletics, Debra Gaber

IUSTITIA

The life of a female professional athlete in many ways seems undesirable. Attitudinal pressures and societal demands coupled with the rigors of competitive sport make a female pro's life draining, if not oppressive. On the outside there may appear a gleam of happiness as a photographer catches a pro in action during her moment of glory. Magazine articles assume by inference that being "number one" is glamorous and highly desirable. It does mark a tremendous achievement in an athlete's life, but for a female athlete, "getting there" is almost a nightmare. No female professional is without some battle scars.

Our …

The Black Woman: The Pr E-Decisional Stage, Phyllis Jackson

IUSTITIA

This discussion is leveled at all black people at all stages of awareness and committment. Essentially it proposes a view of a method of inquiry before making a decision. It asks that people move from molecular level questions to molar level questions. These molar level questions will form a basis of inquiry during the pre-decisional stage which has the triple function of relating ideas with ideas, ideas with experience, and experience with experience. Molecular questions, on the other hand, do not call for investigation but rather "yes" or "no" answers. The black woman, as a subject of unusual interest, provides …

Editor's Introduction -- Lustitia On Women, Sharon Wildey

IUSTITIA

One positive aspect of a newly organized publication is the opportunity for experimentation. With this issue, lustitia will for the first time be devoted to one area of current social concern-the Women's Movement.

Women's struggle for equality is not a recent phenomenon in this country but a recurring one. Thus, in the early 1970's we find women struggling with many issues, new and old.

The editors of this issue present to the readers some of the frontier issues of the Movement today.

Feminism And The Legalization Of Prostitution: How Far Down The River?, Marilyn C. Zilli

IUSTITIA

One of the most telling issues on the state of the women's movement today is that of the legalization of prostitution. It would be inappropriate to say that the issue has caused a breach in the ranks: the term is inapplicable to a movement which has never claimed coherency and which has, in fact, consistently demonstrated an inability to reconcile the views of its various factions. The prostitution issue is important, rather, precisely because it underscores these differences of analysis and tactics which have appeared in other areas and the splits between white middle class liberal women, radical feminists, marxist …

The Liberated Black Woman: A Question Of Black Power And Nationalism, Gail E. Bingham

IUSTITIA

The role of the Black woman in the liberation of womankind must first be clearly defined to establish the context in which the term "liberation" is used before discussion of the subject can have any significance. If by the term "liberated," it is meant the throwing off of some kind of yoke of oppression and dehumanization invoked by men which often reflects itself in unequal opportunities and pay scales, particularly in the professional world, then it is highly questionable that the Black woman needs this type of liberation as the ultimate object of her energies and concern.

If on the …

The Beginning Of The Women's Movement In Fitchburg, Massachusetts, 1962, James Wade

IUSTITIA

No abstract provided.

Responses, Margaret Shaffer, Marilyn C. Zilli, Linda Lanam, Karen Cutwright, Sharon Wildey

IUSTITIA

Editor and author comments on articles from this issue.

The Equal Rights Amendment As An Instrument For Social Change, Lynn Andretta Fishel, Clarine Nardi Riddle

IUSTITIA

"The Equal Rights Amendment: Will it do so little, we don't need it -or so much, we shouldn't have it?"

The paradox stems from the arguments of the groups who oppose the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). On one hand, they claim that the 14th Amendment and Title V1II provide all the tools women need, so the ERA won't be able to accomplish anything uniquely significant. On the other hand they contend, with even greater fervor, that the ERA will be so powerful it will destroy the fabric of society. The paradox is not altogether ludicrous, however, when it is recognized …

Stranger In Our Midst: The Working Class Woman, Yvonne Van Der Klip Stam

IUSTITIA

Although some of the concrete goals of women's liberation such as adequate available day care for children are important to women of both the blue collar and middle classes, the philosophy expressed by the movement is not calculated to attract the working class woman. Two incomes may be increasingly necessary to the middle class family, and an increasing number of middle class women are now supporting their children alone, but the movement speaks of freeing women fiom child care to pursue a career, an idea which does not speak to a blue collar woman concerned with getting a job to …

Higher Education: The Black Professional, Donald H. Godbold, Andrew Goodrich, William Moore, Jr.,

IUSTITIA

The black professional in the community college is a catalog of contradictions. His or her condition can only be described as tragic; and his or her plight is a travesty on the philosophy of the two-year college. The preliminary findings of one study in progress note that nearly half (409 or 47 per cent) of the 865 two-year institutions included in the sample do not have a single black faculty member or administrator. Eighty-nine of the remaining 456 colleges have only one black staff member. Similarly, there are a number of community colleges located in areas heavily populated by blacks …

America And Reconsruction, Thomas B. Grier

IUSTITIA

Reconstruction has variously been termed "repressive. . . uncivilized" and "a sordid time" as well as "a noble experiment." Reflected in those judgments of the era is the dispute over the effects of Reconstruction. To be more correct, one might say that there has been much conjecture in determining what, in fact, Reconstruction was. Questioned also has been the role of the black man during the period; much of what he did, or was responsible for, has, like Reconstruction itself, been subject to many and varied accounts and evaluations. The intent of this paper is to examine several volumes concerned …

Rip-Off Professionalism, Marilyn C. Zilli

IUSTITIA

In the February 1972 issue of PRO SE (National Law Women's Newsletter) an article entitled "Professional Rip-off" criticized the Women's Liberation Movement for producing what the authors call "grasping opportunists," "pleasant, reasonable, charming, and eternally submissive sell-out[s] " (page 4). They are referring to professional women and posit that because, in a capitalist society, professional status is a privilege enjoyed by few, the claim that all women will benefit from an improvement in the status of professional women could not be farther from the truth (page 4): "Instead of making women more 'equal,' the new female professionals make themselves more …