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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Sampling Expertise: Incorporating Goal Establishment And Goal Enactment Into Theories Of Expertise To Improve Measures Of Performance, Frank Eric Robinson
Sampling Expertise: Incorporating Goal Establishment And Goal Enactment Into Theories Of Expertise To Improve Measures Of Performance, Frank Eric Robinson
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Task-specific performance measures informed by incomplete theories of expertise do not capture the full range of domain-relevant behaviors, threatening content validity. Surgery is a particularly good example of a domain that has neglected cognitive accounts of performance in favor of task-specific measures of technical skill and experience-based definitions of expertise. Likewise, cognitive accounts of performance tend to neglect skilled performance, including the interaction between automaticity and cognitive control. The present study merges cognition and psychometrics in the context of a surgical task. I analyzed archival surgical performance data from a study of surgical training, including video of human cadaver procedures, …
The Role Of Deliberate Behavior In Expert Performance: The Acquisition Of Information Gathering Strategy In The Context Of Emergency Medicine, Frank Eric Robinson
The Role Of Deliberate Behavior In Expert Performance: The Acquisition Of Information Gathering Strategy In The Context Of Emergency Medicine, Frank Eric Robinson
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Effective performance in dynamic domains requires experts to assess problems and implement solutions within the constraints of their work system, but these processes are not well accounted for in the expertise literature. I observed resident and attending emergency physicians to determine the behaviors that distinguish doctors as they manage patients and what contextual variables may affect these behaviors. Factor analyses revealed three types of behavior: goal establishment behavior, goal enactment behavior, and acknowledging uncertainty. Multilevel analyses indicated that doctors' experience and both the local and global context of care impact these behaviors. More experienced doctors appear to be more sensitive …
The Effect Of Expertise And Cognitive Demand On Temporal Awareness In Real-Time Scheduling, James Samuel Garrett
The Effect Of Expertise And Cognitive Demand On Temporal Awareness In Real-Time Scheduling, James Samuel Garrett
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The following study examines the relationship between amount of information, performance, expertise, and temporal awareness during a high fidelity military battle command simulation. The current study provides an in situ example of temporal estimation which is lacking in the current body of research. Twenty Ohio National Guardsmen of varying expertise played the role of battle commander during the simulation. Novice behavior differed from experts. Novice indications of temporal awareness did not vary with contextual change. However, they provided non-detailed temporal utterances and a relationship between temporal awareness and performance. This pattern suggests that they were overwhelmed by the amount of …
Diabetes Self-Management: Patient Cognition And The Development Of Expertise, Katherine D. Lippa
Diabetes Self-Management: Patient Cognition And The Development Of Expertise, Katherine D. Lippa
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Expert decision making has been widely researched among professionals, but non-professionals make many equally complex decisions. This study uses the case of type II diabetes to explore complex decision making among non-professionals. It was hypothesized that three cognitive aspects of expertise, problem detection, functional relationships, and problem solving, would be linked with higher levels of self-management (higher adherence and lower glucose). Twenty participants with diabetes were interviewed concerning their knowledge and experiences with diabetes. Participants also completed a questionnaire concerning their self-management practices. Interviews were transcribed and thematically coded. Participants who displayed characteristics of expert cognition reported higher levels of …