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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 30 of 55
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Maine’S Public Reserved Lands: A Tale Of Loss And Recovery, Richard Barringer, Lee Schepps, Thomas Urquhart, Martin Wilk
Maine’S Public Reserved Lands: A Tale Of Loss And Recovery, Richard Barringer, Lee Schepps, Thomas Urquhart, Martin Wilk
Maine Policy Review
The story of Maine’s public reserved lands—or public lots—is worth the telling for its own sake and for its enduring lessons. Provided for in the Maine Constitution of 1820 and neglected for more than a century, the public lots were once scattered widely across the Unorganized Territory of northern, western, and eastern Maine. Today, they are restored to public use and benefit, reassembled into large blocks of land that, in aggregate, are more than twice the size of Baxter State Park. These consolidated public lots offer a wide spectrum of extraordinary values, include many of the crown jewels of Maine’s …
Maine Conservation In An Age Of Global Climate Change, Richard Judd
Maine Conservation In An Age Of Global Climate Change, Richard Judd
Maine Policy Review
Maine has been a key player in one of the most dramatic changes in conservation strategy since Gifford Pinchot coined the term in the 1890s as private nonprofit land trusts have become essential to the conservation movement in the state. Land trusts spearheaded the new approach to conservation by drawing together landowners, philanthropic organizations, state and federal agencies, older conservation organizations, and most importantly, ordinary citizens. Given its prominence in the land-trust movement, Maine has provided leadership in a second revolutionary trend as trust managers embraced the emerging science of ecosystem management.
Book Reviews, William David Berry, H. H. Price
Book Reviews, William David Berry, H. H. Price
Maine History
Reviews of the following books: Maine Labor in the Age of Decentralization and Global Markets 1955-2005 by Charles A. Scontras; Still Mill: Stories and Songs of Making Paper in Bucksport, Maine 1930-2014 edited by Patricia Smith Ranzoni.
At The Confluence Of Public Policy And History: The Value Of Historical Thinking In Public Policy Development, Daniel S. Soucier
At The Confluence Of Public Policy And History: The Value Of Historical Thinking In Public Policy Development, Daniel S. Soucier
Maine Policy Review
Daniel Soucier explains why conversations between those who study how policy decisions affected society in the past and those tasked with shaping the future are beneficial.
Better Than The Poorhouse?: The Origins Of Mothers’ Aid In Maine, Rebecca White
Better Than The Poorhouse?: The Origins Of Mothers’ Aid In Maine, Rebecca White
Maine History
Rebecca White’s article examines the origins of a new state-funded welfare system in Maine through the prism of the 1917 “Act to Provide for Mothers with Dependent Children,” also known as mothers’ aid or mothers’ allowance legislation. This law established a centralized Mothers’ Allowance Board in Augusta to oversee applications and administer state funding to eligible Maine families. This represented a shift from traditional town-based poor services to a state-funded system of aid for those considered to be worthy. This article details the sparse landscape of public and private charity available to families in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries …
Orono: Growing As A University Town, 1965-2015, Evan D. Richert Aicp, Sophia L. Wilson
Orono: Growing As A University Town, 1965-2015, Evan D. Richert Aicp, Sophia L. Wilson
Maine History
By 1965, the Town of Orono’s long history as a lumber town had faded and it had grown into a small university town. Demographically and socially, Orono today demonstrates many of the markers of a university town—from its occupational profile and residency of university employees and students to its growing knowledge-based economy and its evolving downtown of “third places.” But there are differences, too, from a typical university town—for example, in the relative physical isolation of the University of Maine from the rest of the town, and in Orono’s small population compared with the university’s enrollment. Opinions on the quality …
At The “Busy Campus Crossroads”: The Last Fifty Years At Raymond H. Fogler Library, Desiree Butterfield-Nagy
At The “Busy Campus Crossroads”: The Last Fifty Years At Raymond H. Fogler Library, Desiree Butterfield-Nagy
Maine History
Keeping pace with an “overwhelming explosion of knowledge and information” has been a particular challenge for those at Raymond H. Fogler Library since the university celebrated its centennial in 1965. The technologies for the storage and delivery of information have seen unprecedented rates of innovation, acceptance, and obsolescence. Acquiring appropriate materials has necessitated a close look at changing needs of faculty, increasingly specialized programs, university budget freezes, shifting alignments with other libraries in the University of Maine System, and increasing costs of many subscription journals and databases. Even as electronic access has become prolific, libraries continue to be viewed as …
Book Review: Kofi Annan And The Role Of Morality In International Relations, Robert Potts
Book Review: Kofi Annan And The Role Of Morality In International Relations, Robert Potts
The Cohen Journal
This is a book review of Interventions: A life in War and Peace. The book was written by former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan.
The American Dream, Equal Opportunity, And Obtaining The Vote, Benjamin Wyman
The American Dream, Equal Opportunity, And Obtaining The Vote, Benjamin Wyman
The Cohen Journal
The United States was founded on the principles of inalienable and natural rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Out of those ideals arose the ideas of an American Creed and American Dream, which have provided aspirations for millions of Americans to pursue their dreams, and, with hard work, the chance to improve their situation in life. The fundamental values of the new American Creed became “liberty, equality, individualism, populism, laissez-faire, and the rule of law under a constitution” (Jillson 2004, 4) while the idea of an American Dream which was first instilled upon the citizens of the …
Mapping The History Of The State: The Historical Atlas Of Maine, Stephen J. Hornsby
Mapping The History Of The State: The Historical Atlas Of Maine, Stephen J. Hornsby
Maine Policy Review
This article describes the creation of the Historical Atlas of Maine, one of the most significant scholarly achievements in the humanities to come out of the University of Maine. Conceived in the late 1990s, the atlas was published by the University of Maine Press in 2015. It represents an enormously ambitious attempt to map the historical geography of the state from the end of the last ice age to the end of the millennium in 2000.
Standing Firm: Maine’S Delegation To Congress During The Secession Crisis Of 1860-1861, Jerry R. Desmond
Standing Firm: Maine’S Delegation To Congress During The Secession Crisis Of 1860-1861, Jerry R. Desmond
Maine History
In the years leading up to the Civil War, many Americans in both the North and the South considered it inevitable that a war between the sections would occur. Historians have debated this idea ever since. Could the war have been avoided? Was a compromise between the sections of the country possible? In this article, the author examines the role played by Maine’s congressional delegation in resisting compromise during the Great Secession Winter of 1860-1861. The author is a graduate of the University of Maine, with master’s degrees in education (1979) and Arts (History-1991). He served as the lead consulting …
Seeing Beyond The Frontier: Maine Borders, The Borderlands, And American History, Sasha Mullally
Seeing Beyond The Frontier: Maine Borders, The Borderlands, And American History, Sasha Mullally
Maine History
Sasha Mullally is an associate professor of History at the University of New Brunswick. She is the author of the forthcoming book Unpacking the Black Bag: Country Doctor Stories from the Maritimes and Northern New England, 1900-1950, which will be published by the University of Toronto Press.
Maine Library History, Melora Norman
Maine Library History, Melora Norman
Maine Policy Review
From the earliest small private and university libraries of the 1700s to today’s high-speed Internet-connected institutions, the history of Maine’s libraries mirrors the development of the state and provides a sense of the concerns people had for access to information and education. Melora Norman describes the development of various kinds of libraries in Maine and the opportunities and challenges they have faced over time. She notes that the 20th century was a time of increasing professionalization and standardization in Maine’s libraries. During the late 1990s through the present, libraries have been changing dramatically as they shift from a focus on …
The Margaret Chase Smith Library: A Unique Collection Fostered By A History Of Collaboration, David Richards
The Margaret Chase Smith Library: A Unique Collection Fostered By A History Of Collaboration, David Richards
Maine Policy Review
Maine is a small state with a long history of scarce resources, of “making do,” and of “helping your neighbor.” The state’s libraries are a prime example what can be achieved to maximize resources through partnerships and collaboration. David Richards discusses the Margaret Chase Smith Library in Skowhegan, Maine, which he terms “a unique collection fostered by a history of collaboration.” Richards describes the vital role collaborations with multiple kinds of partners have played in helping the library fulfill its four functions: archives, museum, education, and public policy.
Local History: A Gateway To 21st Century Communications, Stephen Bromage
Local History: A Gateway To 21st Century Communications, Stephen Bromage
Maine Policy Review
Stephen Bromage discusses the important role libraries are playing through collaboration with the Maine Historical Society and local historical societies in documenting local history and making it accessible online.
“News Of Provisions Ahead”: Accommodation In A Wilderness Borderland During The American Invasion Of Quebec, 1775, Daniel S. Soucier
“News Of Provisions Ahead”: Accommodation In A Wilderness Borderland During The American Invasion Of Quebec, 1775, Daniel S. Soucier
Maine History
Soon after the American Revolutionary War began, Colonel Benedict Arnold led an American invasion force from Maine into Quebec in an effort to capture the British province. The trek through the wilderness of western Maine did not go smoothly. This territory was a unique borderland area that was not inhabited by colonists as a frontier society, but instead remained a largely unsettled region still under the control of the Wabanakis. On the northern periphery of this borderland the Quebecois and Wabanakis supplied Arnold and his men with provisions, aid, and intelligence. It was the assistance of French habitants and Wabanakis …
A Company Of Shadows: Slaves And Poor Free Menial Laborers In Cumberland County, Maine, 1760 – 1775, Charles P.M. Outwin
A Company Of Shadows: Slaves And Poor Free Menial Laborers In Cumberland County, Maine, 1760 – 1775, Charles P.M. Outwin
Maine History
Although slaves and poor, free menial laborers were by no means a majority of the population in late colonial-era Maine, they represented a culturally and socioeconomically significant part of commercial society there, especially at Falmouth in Casco Bay (now Portland) and in coastal Cumberland County. This essay uncovers the lives of the Falmouth’s small slave population and its larger poor menial laborer population from 1760 up to the port city’s destruction by the British in 1775. The author was granted a Ph.D. in history from the University of Maine in 2009. He is a member of the Maine Historical Society, …
The Bodwell Granite Company Store And The Community Of Vinalhaven, Maine, 1859-1919, Cynthia Burns Martin
The Bodwell Granite Company Store And The Community Of Vinalhaven, Maine, 1859-1919, Cynthia Burns Martin
Maine History
From the late 1850s to the late 1910s, Bodwelll Granite Company on Vinalhaven Island operated a Company Store from which employees could purchase a wide variety of consumer goods. In the early decades of its existence, the Company Store was generally popular with the company’s employees and the island community. Because of certain competitive advantages, and because the company was guaranteed a profit through federal contracts, the company store often had lower prices than its competitors. But by the late nineteenth century, the store’s prices were often higher than its competitors and the store became part of the growing rift …
Model Cities, Housing, And Renewal Policy In Portland, Maine: 1965-1974, John F. Bauman
Model Cities, Housing, And Renewal Policy In Portland, Maine: 1965-1974, John F. Bauman
Maine History
Shepherded through Congress by Maine Senator Edmund Muskie, the 1967 Model (or Demonstration) Cities Program was originally intended for the nation’s large, ghetto-ridden metropolises where it would target a host of social and economic programs including housing. Thanks to Senator Muskie, both Portland and Lewiston benefited. Before the Nixon Administration scuttled the program in 1973, Portland had created a host of innovative housing, social welfare, law enforcement, and educational programs, shifting the city’s urban renewal program away from its strict emphasis on brick-and-mortar planning. Portland was unique in making Model Cities a part of its downtown renewal. Energizing the city’s …
The Hillbillies Of Maine: Rural Communities, Radio, And Country Music Performers, Erica Risberg
The Hillbillies Of Maine: Rural Communities, Radio, And Country Music Performers, Erica Risberg
Maine History
During the first third of the twentieth century, the United Sates underwent profound social, technological, and economic changes that fundamentally altered rural society. This shift created a divide between rural and urban dwellers, and by the 1930s, country people were developing their own cultural expressions, often reflecting the unique folkways of various regions — the South, Appalachia, the Ozark Plateau, the rural West. One such manifestation of country culture was old-time, or country-western music — also known as hillbilly music. At the time, radio broadcasting was at an experimental stage in reaching an American audience. Station WBLZ in Bangor covered …
“Taking Up The Slack”: Penobscot Bay Women And The Netting Industry, Nancy Payne Alexander
“Taking Up The Slack”: Penobscot Bay Women And The Netting Industry, Nancy Payne Alexander
Maine History
Between 1860 and 1900 the economy of Penobscot Bay communities changed dramatically, from the steady growth and prosperity of their natural resource-based economy to the decline in population and a painful transition to manufacturing and service industries. Both men and women had enjoyed independence in their labor in the old economy. The new cash economy made it necessary for them to seek out new ways of supporting their families, with home manufacture, or putting out work, one way of earning an income. They remained independent from an employer’s direct supervision and earned cash payment, a change from the face-to-face economy …
Saving Schoodic: A Story Of Development, Lost Settlement, And Preservation, Alan K. Workman
Saving Schoodic: A Story Of Development, Lost Settlement, And Preservation, Alan K. Workman
Maine History
Remote, isolated, and nearly barren Schoodic Point, now the easternmost part of Acadia National Park, was long bypassed by early explorers and settlers. It might have seemed destined to remain deserted, a candidate for coastal parkland preservation in the twentieth century. But like such distant outposts as Vinalhaven, Swan’s, and Ironbound islands, Schoodic in the nineteenth century was overtaken by extensive land development, logging, and settlement by fishermen farmers. Eventually its proximity to Bar Harbor made it a target for vacation resort cottages. Yet Schoodic’s peninsular ecology and elements of its social circumstances helped it escape such development in favor …
Nineteenth-Century Industrializing Maine: The Way Life Really Was: Paul Rivard’S Made In Maine, Howard Segal
Nineteenth-Century Industrializing Maine: The Way Life Really Was: Paul Rivard’S Made In Maine, Howard Segal
Maine History
“Made in Maine” is about nineteenth-century manufacturing in a state usually associated with forests, potatoes, seacoasts, and tourists. The exhibit provocatively challenges the conventional wisdom about what Maine was like in the years slightly before and mostly after statehood in 1820.
Research Note: Searching For Democracy In Colonial Southern Maine, William Robbins
Research Note: Searching For Democracy In Colonial Southern Maine, William Robbins
Maine History
The following article was originally written as a seminar paper for James Henderson’s colonial history class during Robbins’s brief tenure as a graduate student at the University of Maine. The methodology used in this research was quite innovative when it was written in 1966, as the so-called new social history had only just emerged. This era marked an exciting time in the social sciences, with new methods that allowed the historian to approach history “from the bottom up.” Using census records, land records, tax lists, suffrage lists, and an array of other data, historians were able to uncover what life …
The Maine Woods: A Legacy Of Controversy, Richard W. Judd
The Maine Woods: A Legacy Of Controversy, Richard W. Judd
Maine Policy Review
In the Margaret Chase Smith Essay, Richard Judd reflects on the history of Maine’s North Woods. He discusses the divergent interests with a stake on the North Woods over the centuries, but notes that there has been a long-standing interest in conservation and in the heritage represented by this vast region.
Norman Wallace Lermond And His Quest For The Cooperative Commonwealth, Charles Scontras
Norman Wallace Lermond And His Quest For The Cooperative Commonwealth, Charles Scontras
Maine History
Norman Wallace Lermond was Maine's premier socialist leader from 1900, when he first appeared on the state party ticket, until his death in 1944. As such, he represents both the persistence and the frustration of radical politics in a state renowned for its individualism and political conservatism. Lermond's career entailed a series of compromises and contradictions as the socialist leader navigated the shoals of reform and revolution—endorsing political action but eschewing its practical “step-at-a-time" agenda. Through all this, Lermond remained committed to his utopian vision of a classless and harmonious society, in which the failings of capitalism would be swept …
Margaret Chase Smith Essay: High School Student Essay Winners, Emily Parker, Rachel Culley, Miles Kirby
Margaret Chase Smith Essay: High School Student Essay Winners, Emily Parker, Rachel Culley, Miles Kirby
Maine Policy Review
Maine has benefited from the public service of many well-respected and influential national leaders over the last two centuries. One of them, Senator Margaret Chase Smith, offered her reflections on leadership at a time when the United States faced a struggle for civil rights at home and the tensions of the Cold War abroad. With the country currently confronting challenges such as the threat of terrorism, ongoing tensions in the Middle East, and the taint of corporate scandals, the Margaret Chase Smith Library annual essay contest invited Maine high school seniors to reflect on the qualities leaders will need to …
The Perils Of Voice And The Desire For Stealth Democracy, Elizabeth Theiss-Morse
The Perils Of Voice And The Desire For Stealth Democracy, Elizabeth Theiss-Morse
Maine Policy Review
This article is an address given at the May 2002 Maine Town Meeting sponsored by the Margaret Chase Smith Library in Skowhegan. Elizabeth Theiss-Morse takes issue with each of the alleged beneficial effects of increased participation and deliberation in politics. She presents evidence from her own research with colleague John Hibbing that suggests a more participatory democracy does not necessarily result in better decisions, a better political system or better people. Rather, most Americans would prefer not to have to participate in politics at all. Theiss-Morse explains where this view comes from and, in the end, argues for a civic …
A Sampler From The New Historical Atlas Of Maine: Religion In Maine, Burton Hatlen, Joshua M. Smith, Peter Lodge, Michael Hermann
A Sampler From The New Historical Atlas Of Maine: Religion In Maine, Burton Hatlen, Joshua M. Smith, Peter Lodge, Michael Hermann
Maine Policy Review
This article offers an example of work-in-progress on a significant project to develop an historical atlas of Maine. Although an article depicting religious settlement in Maine may seem far removed from the policy analyses typically featured in the journal, religious participation is a fundamental aspect of civic engagement in the United States. Thus, we feature here a glimpse of Maine’s religious heritage. We also present Maine Policy Review’s first full color pullout, which is intended to give readers a visual as well as textual portrait of religious settlement in the Kennebec Valley and Portland through the first half of …
The Project Of Democracy, Alexander Keyssar
The Project Of Democracy, Alexander Keyssar
Maine Policy Review
This article is an address given at the May 2002 Maine Town Meeting sponsored by the Margaret Chase Smith Library in Skowhegan. Alexander Keyssar chronicles the advances and contractions of democratic political rights in American history. While on balance, this is a story of progress, it is not, Keyssar argues, unilinear, nor one that is completed. Although arguably late for the world’s “greatest democracy,” by the 1970s the United States had achieved universal suffrage. Today, however, the tug between democratic and anti-democratic forces continues. The contest is no longer over voting rights but over the procedures and rules governing elections …