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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Gender, Race, And Violence: A Critical Examination Of Trauma In The Color Purple, Jessica Lewis
Gender, Race, And Violence: A Critical Examination Of Trauma In The Color Purple, Jessica Lewis
Sacred Heart University Scholar
The purpose of this article is to analyze the roles gender and race play in relation to trauma in Alice Walker’s novel, The Color Purple. Specifically, the article argues that gender and race are the underlying causes of the violence and trauma experienced by Walker’s female characters, Celie, Sophia, and Squeak. While violence does not always lead to internal conflict, this critical examination looks chiefly at trauma that is derived from violence. As a catalyst for targeted violence, identity categories, in particular female and African American are explored and their roles in oppression are investigated. In doing so, the …
The Glass Cage: The Gender Pay Gap And Self-Employment In The United States, Leanna Lawter, Tuvana Rua, Jeanine K. Andreassi Ph.D.
The Glass Cage: The Gender Pay Gap And Self-Employment In The United States, Leanna Lawter, Tuvana Rua, Jeanine K. Andreassi Ph.D.
New England Journal of Entrepreneurship
Self-employment is often viewed as a more desirable work arrangement than working as an employee for a firm. Women are pushed into self-employment due to organizational factors, such as a shrinking workforce or limited job opportunities, while being attracted to self-employment by the many psychological and social benefits (e.g., independence, flexibility, work-life balance, job satisfaction). Despite more women moving into self-employment, this type of employment still has different financial consequences for men and women. This article investigates whether a pay gap exists for self-employed women after controlling for industry, occupation, and hours worked and seeks to quantify the gender wage …