Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Built By Hand, Run By Machine: Robots And The Uneven Displacement Of Native And Migrant Workers In Germany (2012-2024), Farida Mohamed Elkhosht

Theses and Dissertations

This study investigates whether industrial robot adoption generates differential employment effects for native and migrant workers across German local labor markets, using district-level data for 393 districts over 2012–2024. This question matters because Germany combines one of the world's highest concentrations of industrial robots with one of the largest migrant workforces in the OECD. Despite growing policy interest in the distributional effects of technological change, limited evidence exists on whether automation affects native and migrant employment differently within the same local labor markets. Using Bartik shift-share design to measure exogenous variation in robot exposure, the study finds that the effect …

Policy Coherence And Private Sector Development In Egypt: Aligning Governance Reforms With Development Finance, Shereef El Tanahi

Theses and Dissertations

Despite record volumes of development finance flowing into Egypt, the private sector, particularly its micro, small, and medium enterprises, has yet to experience the broad-based growth these investments were designed to catalyze. Between 2020 and 2025, international development partners committed more than 15.6 billion dollars to Egypt's private sector, yet private investment remains a modest share of the national economy, and most domestic firms continue to face severe barriers to credit.

This thesis argues that the answer lies not in the volume of capital mobilized, but in the coherence of the policies that govern how that capital reaches firms. The …

Bridging The Gap Between Career Expectations Versus Labor Market Realities, Reinette P. Madrid, Grethel T. Ledesma, Ignatius Aryono Putranto, Jyro B. Triviño

Leadership and Strategy Faculty Publications

Most students lack awareness regarding the labor market outcomes for their chosen college majors. This study aims to answer what factors affect the career expectations of graduating students at Quezon City University and how these expectations align with the prevailing labor market situation. It employed descriptive, causal, and explanatory research using a sample of 108 respondents from fourth-year information technology students for the school year 2021 to 2022. Eight of the nine null hypotheses were rejected by employing multinomial logistic and linear regression. Student fixed effects and other labor market outcomes significantly predicted salary, estimated stability, and estimated skills in …

Bayesian Linear, Heteroskedastic, Multilevel, And Dynamic Models For Assessing The Effects Of Policy Uncertainty, Green Finance, Innovation, And Environmental Stringency On Sustainable Economic Growth In Oecd Economies, Md Qamruzzaman, Abdulrahman Alomair, Abdulaziz S. Al Naim, Sylvia Kor

Student Publications [Scholarly]

This study analyzes how policy uncertainty, green finance, green innovation, and the stringency of environmental policy affect sustainable economic growth in OECD member countries from 1996 to 2023. Given the growing evidence that advanced economies are facing structural lock-ins, a lack of coherent policy credibility, and insufficient financial and innovative capabilities, the current study integrates these factors into a coherent empirical framework that continues to prevent disintegration in the current literature. Using environmentally adjusted multifactor productivity as a proxy for green economic growth, the analysis employs a panel of Bayesian econometric models that include linear, heteroskedastic, multilevel, random-effects, and panel …

Horizontal Regulatory Barriers In International Trade: Evidence From Electric Plugs, Yuan Mei, Mingzhi (Jimmy) Xu

Research Collection School Of Economics

Domestic policies regulating the horizontal dimensions of product differentiation can impede international trade and have become a major concern in contemporary trade negotiations. We estimate trade frictions associated with incompatible designs of electric plugs, a well-known example of a horizontal regulatory barrier. Our findings indicate that fewer electronic devices are exported to destinations with incompatible electric plugs, and this effect operates through both the extensive margin and the intensive margin of exports. These results are further corroborated by an online survey of Chinese electronics exporters. Moreover, incompatible plugs are associated with lower average quality of exported electronic devices, suggesting that …

How Much Do Americans Know About Politics? Political Knowledge And Americans’ Views Of Democracy, Hwayong Shin

Weidenbaum Center Survey (WCS) Reports

As we reflect on another election held in the United States this month, some may wonder: How much do Americans actually know about politics? An informed citizenry has long been considered essential for elections to fulfill democratic accountability, through which voters reward well-performing politicians and parties, and punish those who perform poorly. Political knowledge plays a central role in this process, enabling citizens to evaluate their leaders and make informed vote choices.

The findings from Wave 9 of WCS reveal that political knowledge among Americans varies across different types of facts, individual characteristics such as age and partisanship, and where …

Refereed Research - Health Is The Greatest Wealth: A Research Agenda For Subsistence Marketplaces, Samanthika Gallage Dr

Subsistence Marketplaces

Health is a major challenge for people who live in subsistence because poverty heightens exposure to disease and weakens access to care. Yet it has received limited and fragmented attention in subsistence marketplaces research. Health decisions are made within the same trade-offs, uncertainty, unfamiliarity and relational exchange that shape other subsistence consumption. At the same time, health also goes beyond other mundane consumption decisions: it demands abstract causal reasoning, carries heightened vulnerability, and depends on information and trust that consumers cannot easily verify. Therefore, this paper argues that health should be treated as a core area of study in subsistence …

Florence As She Is, The Florence Times/M. Ohlander

Documents

Florence As She Is-"A review of her past, present and her great future," 1903.

Financial Inclusion And Npas: Implications For Bank Profitability In India, Jyoti Parjapati, Latika Sharma, Dr. Jai Kishan Chandel

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

Financial inclusion, NPAs, and bank profitability are well-studied, but not in developing nations. In 2005 06 to 2022-23 panel data, Financial Inclusion (FI) and Non-Performing Assets (NPA) affect Indian public and private bank profitability. Quantile regression examines bank profitability’s impact. Non-performing asset management enhances bank profitability, highlighting the long-term benefits of inclusion schemes with effective risk management. The study shows that bank profitability and type affect these three factors. Banks’ large client bases boost profitability, while administrative costs lower it. FI benefits private banks but damages state banks. The essay urges authorities to include NPA in financial inclusion to enhance …

Pandemic And Smes Financing: The Role Of Macroprudential Policy And Financial Development, Fitri Handayani, Suryo Adi Rakhmawan

Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking

This research examines the effects of the COVID-19 epidemic, macroprudential regulations, and financial advancement on the financing of SMEs in Indonesia. It furthermore investigates the prospects for SMEs to elevate their company classifications during and subsequent to the pandemic. The research utilises a panel dataset encompassing 33 provinces from 2014 to 2021 and applies the System GMM technique to evaluate macro-level factors affecting the loan provision for SMEs. This examination is additionally enhanced by a granular study employing Differencein-Differences alongside Propensity Score Matching. Research indicates that the pandemic considerably lowered the financing availability for SMEs, undermining the efficacy of macroprudential …

The Heritage Site Sustainability Index (Hssi): A Multidimensional Approach To Heritage Economics In Saudi Arabia, Ali Mohamed Aliraqi

Arab Economic and Business Journal

This paper develops the Heritage Site Sustainability Index (HSSI), a multidimensional composite for measuring economic sustainability in the Saudi heritage sector. Using a purposive expert sample (n=74, March–May 2026), the study applies OLS regression, Mann-Whitney analysis, and scenario-based projections to 2035. Reliability is exceptional (α=0.967); EFA (KMO=0.914; 3 factors, 68.4% variance) provides preliminary support for a hierarchical second-order structure. Weights are normative; DEA is conceptual only. CI-HSSI scores 57.22/100 , fragile , with financial transparency the weakest variable (50.7). A practitioner Vs. academic gap of 18.6 points (p

The Cost Of Raising A Child In The Mountain West, 2024-2026, Devin Streuter, Sophia Booth, Kerima Awol, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Economic Development & Workforce

This fact sheet reports data on the annual cost of raising a child in four selected Mountain West metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs): the Denver-Aurora-Centennial, CO MSA; the Las Vegas-Henderson-North Las Vegas, NV MSA; the Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ MSA; and the Salt Lake City-Murray, UT MSA. SmartAsset’s “Cost of Raising a Child in Major U.S. Metros – 2026 Study,” includes data on the cost of raising a child across 48 major U.S. metropolitan areas. This fact sheet highlights the change in annual costs of raising a child in Mountain West metropolitan areas from 2024 to 2026 and the percentage change in costs …

Tobacco Consumption And Household Expenditure Decisions In Indonesia: A Microeconomic Analysis Using Ifls 5 Data, Ruth Eviana Hutabarat, Lucky Rachmawati, Wenny Restikasari, Siti Nurul Munawwarah Roslan, Brillian Akbar Aminullah, Emina Chandrakanthi

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan

Socioeconomic differences in tobacco consumption need not coincide with differences in spending among consumers. This study examines these associations among household heads using the 2014–2015 Indonesia Family Life Survey. A weighted logit model covers 12,279 heads, while weighted expenditure regressions cover a verified subset of 2,997 current-smoking heads with positive spending and child-related records. Education categories are harmonized across models, with robust standard errors and checks of age patterns, influential observations, and a gamma model with a log link. Male heads and employed heads have higher odds of current consumption; urban residence and secondary or tertiary education have lower odds. …

Background Risk And Optimal Liability Rules, Tim Friehe, Joshua C. Teitelbaum

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

We study how background risk that is independent of accident risk affects optimal liability rules in a unilateral accident model with risk-averse parties. Under negligence, background risk borne by a prudent victim raises the optimal due-care standard relative to the benchmark case without background risk. Under strict liability, the optimal level of damages is higher when the prudent victim faces background risk but the injurer does not. When a prudent injurer faces background risk (with or without victim background risk), the optimal level of damages can be higher or lower than in the benchmark case. Our results are robust to …

Florida Housing Markets Price Reversal: A Comparative Analysis Of The Florida Insurance Crisis And Housing Market Decoupling (2022-2025), David Antonetti

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This research investigates the 2022-2025 Insurance Crisis in Florida as a localized shock to the housing market. While national home prices typically track federal interest rate trends, this study utilizes a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) framework, using Georgia as a control benchmark, to quantify the extent to which skyrocketing property insurance premiums have decoupled Florida's home price appreciation from the national mortgage rate environment. The paper finds that despite the separation in premiums did not have a significant impact on the change in HPI in the Florida housing markets, but did represent a simmer risk. This paper also uses the key factors …

A Causal Analysis Between Brent Oil Prices And Economic Growth In Saudi Arabia, Nicholas Hyland

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper aims to examine the predictive relationship between oil prices and economic growth in Saudi Arabia. Given the country’s heavy dependence on oil rents as a percentage of their GDP, we will see how fluctuations in oil prices can heavily shape and influence economic performance. Although oil revenues have proven to be a driver of short-term economic growth, it is important to understand the “Oil Curse Theory” which highlights the risks that can be associated with slowed long-term economic growth. Using time series data on real GDP growth and Brent crude oil prices, this paper will contain a predictive …

Government Revenue And Expenditure Impact On U.S. Income Inequality Vs Europe And Asia, Ryan Murphy

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper examines income inequality in the United States compared to Europe and Asia using a comparative economic model that incorporates real GDP, government expenditure, population growth, and trade openness as a percentage of GDP. By analyzing how these macroeconomic factors relate to income outcomes across countries, the study aims to highlight structural and policy-related differences that may help explain observed disparities in income inequality between the two economies. The model provides a framework for understanding how economic growth, public spending priorities, demographic trends, and integration into global trade can influence income distribution. The findings contribute to a broader discussion …

Sustainable Transportation And Technology Linked To Carbon Emissions: A Cross-Sectional Data Analysis, Adam Skinner

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper investigates the extent to which sustainable transportation variables reduce CO₂ emissions across the United States, using cross-sectional data from the fifty states in the year 2021. To examine the impact of green transportation linked with carbon emissions, this paper uses an empirical model to investigate various factors such as EVs per 1,000 people, average fuel prices, GDP per capita, and population. This analysis will compare states with different levels of sustainable transportation and be able to evaluate whether green transportation is effective with lower emissions using an ordinary least squares model. Additionally, this study includes machine learning to …

Determinants Of Inflation In The Eurozone: Evidence From Germany, Spain, And Greece Using Panel Data And Machine Learning, Cailan Steahle

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper examines why inflation differs across Germany, Spain, and Greece despite all three countries operating under a common monetary policy set by the European Central Bank. While these countries share the same currency and interest rates, their inflation patterns have varied significantly over time. This study investigates whether countryspecific macroeconomic factors, such as GDP, unemployment, bond yields, energy prices, and money supply, helps explain these differences. Using panel data methods, the analysis estimates both fixed and random effects models and performs a Hausman test to determine the most appropriate specification. The results indicate that the fixed effects model is …

Measuring The Effects Of Housing Wealth, Oil Prices, And Determinants Of Consumption On Consumer Spending, Pedro Alordes Compres

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper examines the possible effects of Housing Wealth, Oil Prices, Disposable Income, and other determinants of consumption on Consumer Spending in the United States, considering consumer spending is the final purpose of economic activity. The study will use determinants of household consumption in a multivariate time-series model to examine the changes over time in the previously mentioned independent variables. Additionally, Random Forest will be used as a Machine Learning Model to predict different outcomes in the same sector.

Determinants Of Free Throw Performance: An Empirical Analysis Of Game Context And Pressure, David Colantuoni

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper analyzes the determinants of free-throw success using a panel data set of free throws taken from the years 2015-2016. Prior research has emphasized performance in high-pressure moments, while my study aims to evaluate a broader range of situational and contextual factors that influence free-throw outcomes. Specifically, I estimate the effect of time remaining, score margin, game period, home status, playoff intensity, shot order, and player-specific characteristics on the probability of a free throw. Additionally, a clutch indicator is included to assess whether performance systematically changes in highleverage situations, clutch being defined as the last five minutes of the …

Empirical Research Paper: The Commodity Markets’ Role On Gross Domestic Product In The United States, Fabian Cuprys

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper discusses whether the commodity market has descriptive information for short term Gross Domestic Product within the United States. Using quarterly Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED), the model uses distributed log changes in commodity prices such as energy, food, and industrial inputs alongside logged and market-based expectations for GDP. The model evaluates how fluctuations in broad commodity markets (such as the Broad Commodity Index, Food Commodity Index, Metal Commodity Index, and Energy Commodity Index) influence GDP.

Public Government Spending And Economic Growth In Latin America And The Caribbean, Kate Desousa

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper investigates how government public spending impacts economic growth among multiple Latin American and Caribbean countries of varying developments since the 1990’s. The study incorporates variables including GDP per capita and general government final consumption expenditure to analyze their contributions to the economy. Data was collected from the World Bank Group. Previous empirical studies have looked at developed countries including multiple variables, while this study has a focus on economies of varying sizes and investigates government public spendings independently. This study will add to existing literature by inspecting public spending from a micro view at the public government spending …

A Panel Data Study Of Economic Development And Carbon Emissions Vs. Level Of Green Investment, Connor Lavoie

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This study examined the relationship between economic development and carbon dioxide emissions across 15 emerging nations from 2000 to 2024, employing a fixed effects panel data set within the STIRPAT framework, then verified the legitimacy of the result via a 5-model sequential test. The findings confirm that all 15 sampled nations remain on the upward slope of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), with GDP per capita, population, and energy intensity emerging as the three dominant drivers of emissions growth.

Who Hunts In America?: An Empirical Analysis Of Income Trends And The Rural-Urban Divide In Hunting Participation, Kenneth Green

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper conducts an empirical analysis of hunting participation in the United States, focusing on the relationship between household income, geographic location, and gender. Using nationally available data from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s 2022 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation and the Big-Game Hunters: Demographic Characteristics and Expenditures addendum report, this study looks to examine how hunting behavior differs between rural/urban populations and identifies income-based trends within both groups. Hunting participation data is compared against U.S. Census data to assess whether the share of hunters aligns with the broader population distributions. Both descriptive statistics and regression …

The Impact Of Foreign Direct Investment On Economic Growth In Eastern Europe: A Panel Data Analysis Evidence Of Consumer Expenditure, Tyler Jarvis

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This research investigates whether foreign direct investment (FDI) translates into improved economic outcomes for citizens of Eastern European countries, as measured by household consumer expenditure trends from 1996 to 2025. Building upon the FDI stock and flow model developed by Kilmek (2024), this research replaces domestic value added (DVA) with consumer expenditure (CS) as the dependent variable and employs a two-way fixed effects panel model across 13 countries. The results indicate that FDI flows and FDI as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) have no statistically significant direct effect on consumer expenditure across any of the seven models tested. …

Does Rising National Income Reduce Physical Inactivity, Or Does The Prosperity Paradox Persist? A Panel Data Analysis, Jt Heffernan

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper examines the relationship between national income and physical inactivity across nine countries at varying stages of economic development using a panel dataset spanning four time periods from 2001 to 2022. Drawing on age-standardized physical inactivity estimates from the World Health Organization and GDP per capita data from the World Bank world development indicators, three regression models are estimated: a pooled ordinary least squares model, a random effect model, and a two-way fixed-effects panel model incorporating country and year fixed effects. OLS was included to set a baseline on what to expect, while the panel models were intended to …

Determinants Of Us Housing Prices And Its Changing Market: A Panel Data Study, Timothy Jennings

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper examines the effects that different factors have on prices in the housing market between both rental and total purchase of housing units over the last thirty (30) years. The study uses time series government data with time periods to analyze both major determinants of a current housing unit’s price, rental prices, as well as reasons for changes in prices of those retail/rental units over time. For simplicity purposes, all major analysis is limited to the United States’ housing markets, although inferences and conclusions may be made regarding other countries as well for comparison, especially through literature review. Results …

The Impact Of Urbanization On Life Expectancy In Asean Countries: A Panel Data Analysis, Ethan Kalmin

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper investigates the relationship between urbanization and life expectancy in ASEAN countries using a panel data analysis over the period 2001-2023. The study includes fixed-effects and robustness checks to estimate the impact of urbanization— along with a series of control variables such as health expenditure per capita, access to basic sanitation services, government education expenditure per capita, and fertility rate— on life expectancy at birth. The results show that urbanization alone does not explain within-country changes in life expectancy over time. Rather, education expenditure and access to basic sanitation services emerge as the most significant and robust determinants of …

Effects Of Healthcare Quality On Labor Productivity: An Empirical Analysis Employing Panel Data, Theodore Lanzaro

Empirical Economic Bulletin, An Undergraduate Journal

This paper examines whether the Affordable Care Act’s restructuring of Medicare Advantage affected labor productivity in the United States. Using a state-level panel from 2007 to 2024, it estimates a difference-in-differences model that interacts with each state’s 2010 Medicare Advantage share with a post-reform indicator. Across baseline, controlled, and trendadjusted specifications, as well as event-study and robustness checks, the results show no statistically robust effect on state-level labor productivity. Any productivity spillovers from Medicare Advantage reform are too small, diffuse, or delayed to be detected in aggregate statelevel data.