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Articles 1 - 30 of 162
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Tax Preferences: A Numerical Exercise, Isaac Babatunde Olatunji
Tax Preferences: A Numerical Exercise, Isaac Babatunde Olatunji
Major Papers
Tax preference focuses on individuals' perception and choice regarding specific tax policies or structure. It examines the extent to which individuals favor certain tax provisions, rates, or exemptions over others. Scholars and researchers have extensively examined tax preference from various perspectives. I performed a numerical exercise on one agent model and two agent model where agents have preferences over consumption, labor supply and tax preferences (dislike of the labor income tax). Under the one agent model there exist one household utility maximization problem and under the two agent model there exist two households with low productive ability and high productive …
Trust In Public Programmes And Distributive (In)Justice In Taxation, Orkhan Nadirov, Bruce Dehning
Trust In Public Programmes And Distributive (In)Justice In Taxation, Orkhan Nadirov, Bruce Dehning
Accounting Faculty Articles and Research
In the tax psychology literature, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the degree of distributive justice in taxation. This article aims to test the relationship between trust in public programmes and distributive justice in taxation at the cross-country level. The sample consists of 47 countries. Trust in public programmes and distributive justice in taxation are measured based on data collected from Wave 7 of the World Values Survey, which took place worldwide in 2017-2022. An Ordered Probit Model was utilised for the empirical analysis. This study finds that if taxpayers support preferential organisations like the police and universities, …
The Economic Ferocity Of Policy, Giana Depaul
The Economic Ferocity Of Policy, Giana Depaul
Helm's School of Government Conference - American Revival: Citizenship & Virtue
Each day, as the Dow Jones rises and falls, Congress similarly passes and fails legislation. These two seemingly continuous cycles intersect to the point that the two structures appear affixed. For centuries, this has posed an age-old question: is it policy that influences the economic system or is it the economic system itself that molds policy decision-making? Renowned economist Adam Smith is famous for his works detailing the autonomous nature of the economic system. Smith views policy as only a small roadblock in the master strategy of the economic flow of life. The Great Depression and the 2008 Recession, however, …
2022-7 Market Power, Taxation And Product Variety In The Brazilian Automobile Industry, Daniel Chaves
2022-7 Market Power, Taxation And Product Variety In The Brazilian Automobile Industry, Daniel Chaves
Department of Economics Research Reports
This paper empirically assesses the impact of a discontinuous tax schedule on prices, markups and product assortment in the Brazilian automobile industry. To this end, I estimate a structural, equilibrium model of demand and supply for over a hundred different models and engine sizes of automobiles. With the model estimates of price elasticities and marginal costs I quantify how market power impacts the progressivity of the discontinuous tax schedule. I also examine how firms would reposition their products to avoid the tax and quantify the impact of this repositioning on equilibrium outcomes.
Migration And The Quality Of American Cities, Chase Mendell
Migration And The Quality Of American Cities, Chase Mendell
CMC Senior Theses
Across the United States, cities are expanding. It is the role of the city leaders to promote policies that benefit both current and incoming residents. While these policies have intended results, the realized benefits and damages are challenging to define because they are the result of individual choices and the unique characteristics of the city. As a result, policymakers need to consider a complex web of factors such as employment, taxation, housing, mobility, and environmental quality. This thesis seeks to analyze these overlapping factors to discuss how policymakers can increase well-being while mitigating potential harms.
Increasing Taxes Or Spending Cuts: What Is More Effective For Fiscal Consolidation?, Daniel Lacalle
Increasing Taxes Or Spending Cuts: What Is More Effective For Fiscal Consolidation?, Daniel Lacalle
Journal of New Finance
Since World War II, raising public spending has been one of the main policies to address recessions. A wealth of literature about austerity and fiscal consolidation has been published to analyze the different fiscal stabilization plans executed by several countries worldwide. This paper aims to demonstrate that fiscal plans based on spending cuts are more effective in achieving public finance equilibrium and boosting growth and employment. We focus the analysis on four examples: Germany, Ireland, Spain, and Chile, and reach three conclusions. First, countries where excessive deficit has been avoided register stronger economic stability and sustainability than countries with fiscal …
Financing Public Deficits In Nigeria: Groping In The Dark For Taxation, Umar Elems Mahmud Ph.D
Financing Public Deficits In Nigeria: Groping In The Dark For Taxation, Umar Elems Mahmud Ph.D
Bullion
The objective of this study is to conduct an expository examination of the inhibitions of voluntary tax compliance and to explore prospects of leapfrogging tax contribution from its posterior position, given the lacunae in precious studies. In the descriptive research design, underpinned by the range of structural-functionalist and expectancy theories, salient among the findings of the study is the diminished contribution of taxation to Nigeria's GDP and total revenue due to weak institutional framework and “faded” enthusiasm of taxpayers. In the circumstance of the situation, and until drastic reforms are successfully executed, Nigeria may be groping in the dark, in …
The State's Response To The Crisis Of Neoliberalism: A Comparison Of The Net Social Wage In China And The United States, 1992-2017, Katherine A. Moos, Hao Qi
The State's Response To The Crisis Of Neoliberalism: A Comparison Of The Net Social Wage In China And The United States, 1992-2017, Katherine A. Moos, Hao Qi
PERI Working Papers
We compare the welfare states and taxation regimes of the two largest economies in the world, China and the United States, from 1992 to 2017. We begin with a comparison of each country’s net social wage—that is, the difference between total benefits received by and taxes paid by labor—using two established methods. While the net social wage in the two countries exhibited similar trends, the increasing net social wage has distinctly different implications in the two countries due to their specific historical trajectories in the neoliberal era. In the US, the increasing net social wage reflects an ambivalent and reluctant …
Income Inequality In America: Conclusions From 100 Years Of Income Tax Data And Cross-Country Comparisons, Noriel Campos
Income Inequality In America: Conclusions From 100 Years Of Income Tax Data And Cross-Country Comparisons, Noriel Campos
Master's Theses
In 1913, taxation of income was permanently introduced in the United States. Other similarly developed countries soon followed suit. From there, income inequality in the United States dropped significantly, and the decline in Europe was even more dramatic. First, this paper considers the changes over time of the share of national income gained by the top 1% of income earners in seven countries going back to World War Two. A second analysis considers the impact that tax policy may have had on the share of income accruing to the top 1% of U.S. income earners between 1980 and 2014, a …
The Wealth Tax: Apportionment, Federalism, And Constitutionality, Alex Zhang
The Wealth Tax: Apportionment, Federalism, And Constitutionality, Alex Zhang
Faculty Articles
Proposals of wealth taxation as a mechanism to combat economic inequality and raise revenue for welfare programs have dominated recent political debate. Despite extensive academic commentary, questions surrounding the constitutionality of a wealth tax remain unresolved. Previous scholarly approaches have drawn a dichotomy between two key cases. Supporters of the wealth tax emphasize Hylton's functional rule for identifying direct taxes, which must be apportioned under the Constitution, and reject Pollock, which invalidated the federal income tax on the grounds that it was a direct tax. Opponents of the wealth tax, in contrast, argue that Pollock, rather than …
Inheritance And Financial Health: The Correlation Between Intergenerational Wealth Transfers And Income Levels Of Personal Bankruptcies, Benjamin D. Kahn
Inheritance And Financial Health: The Correlation Between Intergenerational Wealth Transfers And Income Levels Of Personal Bankruptcies, Benjamin D. Kahn
CMC Senior Theses
This paper describes the correlations between intergenerational wealth transfers, or IWTs, and income of households in bankruptcy as existing research does not address any linkage between the two events. The effect that inheritances, trust payments, and lump sum gifts have on personal finances will impact the millions of Americans who will receive such transfers during the “Great Wealth Transfer” of the coming decades. I use bankruptcy data from the Federal Judicial Center’s Integrated Database, or IDB, and income data from the University of Michigan’s Panel Survey of Income Dynamics, or PSID, to produce a dataset that contains average IWT values …
The Law And Economics Of Redistribution, Matthew Dimick
The Law And Economics Of Redistribution, Matthew Dimick
Journal Articles
Should legal rules be used to redistribute income? Or should income taxation be the exclusive means for reducing income inequality? This article reviews the legal scholarship on this question. First, it traces how the most widely cited argument in favor of using taxes exclusively--Kaplow & Shavell's (1994) double-distortion argument--evolved from previous debates about whether legal rules could even be redistributive and whether law and economics should be concerned exclusively with efficiency or with distribution as well. Next, it surveys the responses to the double-distortion argument. These responses appear to have had only limited success in challenging the sturdy reputation of …
Naked And Covered In Monte Carlo: A Reappraisal Of Option Taxation, Eric D. Chason
Naked And Covered In Monte Carlo: A Reappraisal Of Option Taxation, Eric D. Chason
Eric D. Chason
The market for equity options and related derivatives is staggering, covering trillions of dollars worth of assets. As a result, the taxation of these instruments is inherently important. Moreover, the importance is made even more acute by the use of options in creating more complex transactions and in avoiding taxes. Consider an equity call option, which entitles, but does not obligate, its holder to buy stock at a set price at a set time in the future. Option theory gives us a way to break the option down into more fundamental units. For example, an equity call option over 10,000 …
The Effects Of Traditional Cigarette And E-Cigarette Taxes On Adult Tobacco Product Use, Michael F. Pesko, Charles J. Courtemanche, Joanna Catherine Maclean
The Effects Of Traditional Cigarette And E-Cigarette Taxes On Adult Tobacco Product Use, Michael F. Pesko, Charles J. Courtemanche, Joanna Catherine Maclean
Institute for the Study of Free Enterprise Working Papers
We study the effects of traditional cigarette tax rate changes and e-cigarette tax adoption on use of these products among US adults. Data are drawn from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and National Health Interview Survey data over the period 2011to 2017. Using a difference-in-differences model, we find that higher traditional cigarette taxes reduce adult traditional cigarette use and increase adult e-cigarette use, suggesting that the products are economic substitutes. E-cigarette tax adoption reduces e-cigarette use, with some heterogeneity across groups, and dilutes the own-tax responsiveness of traditional cigarettes.
It Takes A Village To Raise Water Quality: The Effects Of Residential Voluntary Taxation Mechanisms On Lake Water Quality In Orange County, Florida, Andrew P. Hutchens
It Takes A Village To Raise Water Quality: The Effects Of Residential Voluntary Taxation Mechanisms On Lake Water Quality In Orange County, Florida, Andrew P. Hutchens
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Achieving environmental standards with efficient and cost-effective economic systems is a subject whose importance is increasing in conjunction with growing technological innovation and urbanization. This project contributes to the subject's literature by empirically examining the effects of a voluntary taxation mechanism on the water quality of designated lakes in Orange County, Florida. One of two taxing district types is voluntarily formed by lakefront or near-lakefront property owners: a Municipal Service Taxing District (MSTU), wherein participants pay an ad valorem tax based on property values, or a Municipal Service Benefit Unit (MSBU), wherein participants pay an equal flat rate tax independent …
Imperative Of Fiscal Discipline In Sustaining Economic Growth, Uche Uwaleke
Imperative Of Fiscal Discipline In Sustaining Economic Growth, Uche Uwaleke
Bullion
The Nigerian economy technically exited a recession since the second half of 2017 but the growth in GDP has remained weak and fragile. The concept of fiscal discipline can be viewed from three perspectives. The first is by public finance theorist, Richard Musgrave, Another view by John Mikesell (cited in Musgrave and Musgrave, 1989), The third usage by Axelrod extends the coverage of fiscal discipline to legislators. This paper examines why fiscal discipline is essential for Nigeria, experiences of peer countries and imperatives of fiscal discipline for sustaining economic growth
Land Assembly With Taxes, Not Takings, Mark Desantis, Matthew W. Mccarter, Abel Winn
Land Assembly With Taxes, Not Takings, Mark Desantis, Matthew W. Mccarter, Abel Winn
ESI Publications
We use a novel tax mechanism – ‘rejected offer reassessment’ (ROR) – in laboratory experiments to discourage seller holdout and facilitate land assembly. Under this mechanism, if a landowner rejects a developer’s offer, his taxable property value is reassessed to be equal to the rejected offer, increasing his taxes. We find that, relative to a control treatment, ROR discourages the magnitude of seller holdout (but not its frequency) and increases the rate of successful land assembly by almost 60%. It also increases the gains from trade by 22.1% relative to the control treatment, but the difference is not statistically significant.
Neoliberal Redistributive Policy: The U.S. Net Social Wage In The 21st Century, Katherine A. Moos
Neoliberal Redistributive Policy: The U.S. Net Social Wage In The 21st Century, Katherine A. Moos
PERI Working Papers
In this paper, I examine the trends of fiscal transfers between the state and workers during 1959 - 2012 to understand the net impact of redistributive policy in the United States. This paper presents original net social wage data from and analysis based on the replication and extension of Shaikh and Tonak (2002). The paper investigates the appearance of a post-2001 variation in the net social wage data. The positive net social wage in the 21st century is the result of a combination of factors including the growth of income support, healthcare inflation, neoliberal tax reforms, and macroeconomic instability. Growing …
Before International Tax Reform, We Need To Understand Why Firms Invert, Michael S. Knoll
Before International Tax Reform, We Need To Understand Why Firms Invert, Michael S. Knoll
All Faculty Scholarship
A wave of corporate inversions by U.S. firms over the past two decades has generated substantial debate in academic, business, and policy circles.
The core of the debate hinges on a couple of key economic questions: Do U.S. tax laws disadvantage U.S.-domiciled companies relative to their foreign competitors? And, if so, do inversions improve the competitiveness of U.S. multinational firms both abroad and at home?
There is unfortunately little, if any, empirical work directly determining whether U.S.-based MNCs are currently tax-disadvantaged compared to their foreign rivals, or measuring the amount by which (if any) U.S.-based MNCs improve their competitive position …
The Paradox Of Power: Principal-Agent Problems And Fiscal Capacity In Absolutist Regimes, Debin Ma, Jared Rubin
The Paradox Of Power: Principal-Agent Problems And Fiscal Capacity In Absolutist Regimes, Debin Ma, Jared Rubin
ESI Working Papers
Tax extraction in Qing China was low relative to Western Europe. It is not obvious why: China was much more absolutist and had stronger rights over property and people. Why did the Chinese not convert their absolute power into revenue? We propose a model, supported by historical evidence, which suggests that i) the center could not ask its tax collecting agents to levy high taxes because it would incentivize agents to overtax the peasantry; ii) the center could not pay agents high wages in return for high taxes because the center had no mechanism to commit to refrain from confiscating …
Neoliberal Redistributive Policy: The U.S. Net Social Wage In The 21st Century, Katherine A. Moos
Neoliberal Redistributive Policy: The U.S. Net Social Wage In The 21st Century, Katherine A. Moos
Economics Department Working Paper Series
In this paper, I examine the trends of fiscal transfers between the state and workers during 1959 - 2012 to understand the net impact of redistributive policy in the United States. This paper presents original net social wage data from and analysis based on the replication and extension of Shaikh and Tonak (2002). The paper investigates the appearance of a post-2001 variation in the net social wage data. The positive net social wage in the 21st century is the result of a combination of factors including the growth of income support, healthcare inflation, neoliberal tax reforms, and macroeconomic instability. Growing …
Effort, Luck, And Voting For Redistribution, Lars J. Lefgren, David P. Sims, Olga B. Stoddard
Effort, Luck, And Voting For Redistribution, Lars J. Lefgren, David P. Sims, Olga B. Stoddard
Faculty Publications
We conduct an experiment to determine how the correspondence between economic rewards and effort, as opposed to luck, affects subjects' ex post voting over redistribution. We find that a large, statistically significant proportion of both high- and low-payoff voters are willing to vote contrary to their self-interest in favor of groups that exert proportionately more effort. We confirm these results in an additional, distinct sample. We also show that when subjects' own effort is greater than the group's average effort level, they exhibit greater self interest in voting for redistribution compared to subjects whose effort is below average. Our results …
War Tax Free: Institutional Resiliency For War In The United States, Sarah Nelson Bakhtiari
War Tax Free: Institutional Resiliency For War In The United States, Sarah Nelson Bakhtiari
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The obsolescence of war taxes in the United States after 1968 is a product of the state's increased institutional resiliency for war. Historically, war taxes were raised for purposes of revenue generation for contemporaneous war spending or wartime inflation control. The state's development of a robust tax system that provides high and automatically increasing revenues over time, along with monetary mechanisms for price stability, obviate the need for war taxes. In particular, the development of the income tax system and the use of inflation-targeting monetary policy expanded the state's warfighting capacity without reliance on war taxes. These developments suggest a …
Destination-Based Cash-Flow Taxation: A Critical Appraisal, Wei Cui
Destination-Based Cash-Flow Taxation: A Critical Appraisal, Wei Cui
Wei Cui
This Article offers the first comprehensive appraisal in both the legal and economic literatures of proposals for adopting destination-based cash flow taxation (DCFT) of multinational corporations. The DCFT was a key recommendation for reforming corporate taxation in the U.K., and has subsequently attracted wide attention as a way to fundamentally reform international taxation in the U.S., Europe and elsewhere. The core intuition of the DCFT is to tax profits earned by mobile capital by reference to immobile factors. I distinguish three versions of the DCFT for implementing this intuition: 1. formulary apportionment of business profits by reference to locations of …
Designing Survey Methods To Evaluate The Undeclared Economy: A Review Of The Options, Colin C. Williams
Designing Survey Methods To Evaluate The Undeclared Economy: A Review Of The Options, Colin C. Williams
Colin C Williams
This Working Paper is part of the GREY project which is developing capacities and capabilities in tackling undeclared work. In this Working Paper, the various options available to researchers when designing surveys to tackle undeclared work are evaluated. These issues include the unit of analysis used, the data collection methodology, an array of questionnaire design issues (including the reference period, whether to define the phenomenon for participants, a direct versus gradual approach to sensitive issues, whether to do a supply- and/or demand-side survey; whether to examine the relationship between purchasers and sellers, how to discourage social desirability bias), sample size, …
The Moral Undercurrent Beneath The Regulatory Regime Of Investor Protection, Huhnkie Lee
The Moral Undercurrent Beneath The Regulatory Regime Of Investor Protection, Huhnkie Lee
Huhnkie Lee
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Gaming Taxation On Capital Investment In Gaming Businesses, Jeremy Pollock
The Effects Of Gaming Taxation On Capital Investment In Gaming Businesses, Jeremy Pollock
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Microeconomic theory generally supports the idea of an inverse relationship between taxes and capital investment. The gaming industry however does not operate on a free market equilibrium of supply and demand. Regulation and taxation of this industry can distort competitive forces and, as a result, investment decisions. Forces are described herein which either strengthen or weaken this inverse relationship, as well as how they affect the value of the limited number of casino operating licenses which states grant. Higher tax rates are generally shown to result in small-scale properties, which cater to a narrow base of consumers. In contrast, low …
Discriminatory Internal Taxation In The European Union: The Power Of The European Court Of Justice To Limit The Tax Sovereignty Of Member-States Under Article 110 Of The Tfeu, Jarrod Tudor
Jarrod Tudor
Protectionism can come in a variety of methods including the use of internal taxation policies that discriminate against imports making those imports more expensive on the domestic market and thus favoring domestically-produced goods. Discriminatory taxation policies have been developed by member-states to mask protectionism by distinguishing products based on import status, product similarity, product life cycle, consumption, tax collection practices, transportation charges, and state aid. The Framers of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) wrote Article 110 with the objective in mind to prohibit internal taxation policies from discriminating against goods in made in other member-states. …
The Proposed Inheritance Tax And Its Impact On China's Economy, Michael Steve
The Proposed Inheritance Tax And Its Impact On China's Economy, Michael Steve
Michael Steve
No abstract provided.
Some Basic Marxist Concepts To Understand Income Tax, John Passant
Some Basic Marxist Concepts To Understand Income Tax, John Passant
John Passant
The paper introduces readers to some basic Marxist concepts to give the building blocks for an alternative understanding of tax and perhaps even to inspire some to use these concepts and ideas in their future research. It argues that the tax system reflects the phenomena of wealth and income and that there is a deeper reality obscured and ignored by the income tax system as an outcrop of a capitalist system which does the same. This deeper reality is that capital exploits workers and that profit, rent, interest and the like are the money form of the unpaid labour of …