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- Monopoly; Monopsony; Tax efficiency; Ad valorem tax; Specific tax (1)
- Oligopoly; Conjectural variations; Tax incidence; Ad valorem taxation; Degressive taxation (1)
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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Comparative Efficiency Of Ad Valorem And Specific Taxes Under Monopoly And Monopsony, Stephen F. Hamilton
The Comparative Efficiency Of Ad Valorem And Specific Taxes Under Monopoly And Monopsony, Stephen F. Hamilton
Economics
It is well known that ad valorem taxes welfare-dominate specific taxes under monopoly. This paper demonstrates that the comparative welfare ranking of the two instruments reverses under monopsony. The relative performance of alternative tax forms is thus highly sensitive to whether the buyer or seller has market power.
Formal Models Of Authority: Introduction And Political Economy Applications, Eduardo Zambrano
Formal Models Of Authority: Introduction And Political Economy Applications, Eduardo Zambrano
Economics
Talcot Parsons suggested in 1963 that there are basically three kinds of authority: utilitarian authority, coercive authority, and persuasive authority. In this paper, I show that the models developed by Gibbons and Rutten (1997), Hirshleifer (1991), Skaperdas (1992), Akerlof (1976) and Basu (1986) can be viewed as models where issues such as authority, power, influence and ideology, in the sense of Parsons, can be formally discussed. I also show the existence of an interesting difficulty in providing a contractarian interpretation of the State under the Parsonian view of governmental authority discussed in this paper.
On Exchange Rates And Economic Growth, Eric O'N. Fisher
On Exchange Rates And Economic Growth, Eric O'N. Fisher
Economics
Extending Ireland's (1994) model, this paper analyzes an international economy where cash or credit can be used for payment. Foreign trade credit is more costly than its domestic analog. A depreciation of the real exchange rate is associated with an external surplus and a reduced share of imports purchased with credit. Economic growth slows when foreign trade credit becomes the predominant means of payment for international transactions. A country with high inflation exports its Tobin effect and thus temporarily increases world growth.
An Analysis Of The Factors That Influence Student Performance: A Fresh Approach To An Old Debate, Sanjiv Jaggia, Alison Kelly-Hawke
An Analysis Of The Factors That Influence Student Performance: A Fresh Approach To An Old Debate, Sanjiv Jaggia, Alison Kelly-Hawke
Economics
There is a general consensus that student performance at all levels has been deteriorating. Despite numerous attempts by researchers to link school expenditures with student performance, a clear relationship does not exist. Since a number of difficulties plague earlier studies, this paper attempts to remedy these problems by offering a better data design and a sounder methodology. This study uses the 1992 Massachusetts Educational Assessment Program (MEAP) test scores from 4th, 8th, and 12th grade students to measure student performance. Since each students grade falls into one of five possible categories, the application of an ordered log it model incorporates …
Tax Incidence Under Oligopoly: A Comparison Of Policy Approaches, Stephen F. Hamilton
Tax Incidence Under Oligopoly: A Comparison Of Policy Approaches, Stephen F. Hamilton
Economics
This paper presents a methodological approach for the analysis of tax incidence that encompasses familiar forms of taxation in a general and analytically convenient model. In oligopolistic industries, the performance of a tax depends on the sensitivity of the unit tax rate to changes in industry output. Output-elastic tax schedules are less likely to be over-shifted and have superior welfare properties relative to regulatory instruments that are less responsive to the equilibrium market quantity. For revenue neutral tax reforms, the finding of Delipalla and Keen (1992) that ad valorem taxes welfare-dominate specific taxes under oligopoly is derived as a special …
Demand Shifts And Market Structure In Free-Entry Oligopoly Equilibria, Stephen F. Hamilton
Demand Shifts And Market Structure In Free-Entry Oligopoly Equilibria, Stephen F. Hamilton
Economics
This papers examines the structural implications of demand shifts in free-entry oligopoly equilibria. The model generalizes the conjectural variations framework to consider asymmetric firm conjectures, allows for the possibility of cost differences across firms, and endogenizes conditions of entry and exit in the industry. In non-competitive environments, changes in incumbent output and industry profitability are inversely-related to changes in the equilibrium price following a demand shift. In response to rotations of demand through the equilibrium point, changes in profitability are positively-related to changes in industry concentration and, when marginal costs are non-decreasing, inversely-related to changes in market power.
Do Law Enforcement Expenditures Crowd-Out Public Education Expenditures?, Michael L. Marlow, Alden F. Shiers
Do Law Enforcement Expenditures Crowd-Out Public Education Expenditures?, Michael L. Marlow, Alden F. Shiers
Economics
As state and local governments have devoted a rising share of their resources to crime-related programmes, concerns have arisen that spending on other programmes such as education will fall. Coupled with growing public concerns over performance of the public education system, and expectations that prison populations will rise as states pass and enforce more stringent sentencing laws, it is not surprising that some view the expansion of crime-related programmes as troublesome. One hypothesis is that education and crime-related programmes directly compete for government expenditures so that what one programme gains the other must lose as in a fixed-pie situation. A …
The Effect Of Microenterprise Lending On Child Schooling In Guatemala, Bruce Wydick
The Effect Of Microenterprise Lending On Child Schooling In Guatemala, Bruce Wydick
Economics
No abstract provided.
Credit Access, Human Capital And Class Structure Mobility, Bruce Wydick
Credit Access, Human Capital And Class Structure Mobility, Bruce Wydick
Economics
This paper examines the impact of microenterprise credit programs on class structure mobility in developing countries. The paper develops a model that endogenously generates an eight-fold class structure. Class membership is determined by optimal choice of labour activity, which is a function of access to credit and human capital endowments. Predictions from the model suggest that better access to credit will foster upward class mobility among self-employed entrepreneurs, and that this upward class mobility will be accentuated among entrepreneurs with high levels of human capital. Theoretical predictions from the model are compared with data on class structure mobility collected firsthand …
Titanium Hoes? Farmers, Wealth And Higher Yields In Western Sudan, Michael Kevane
Titanium Hoes? Farmers, Wealth And Higher Yields In Western Sudan, Michael Kevane
Economics
Village-level data from western Sudan cast doubt on the universal applicability of an inverse relationship between farm wealth and production per hectare, and the attendant explanation of imperfect labor markets. Wealthy farmers have higher levels of output per hectare; they use more labor per hectare. Insecurity in renting land, financing constraints and the absence of insurance are the vital elements in explanations of the observed pattern of variation in yields. Examination of the performance of land rental, credit and insurance markets in western Sudan suggest that insurance and financing constraints are the crucial market failures.
A Woman's Field Is Made At Night: Gendered Land Rights And Norms In Burkina Faso, Michael Kevane, Leslie C. Gray
A Woman's Field Is Made At Night: Gendered Land Rights And Norms In Burkina Faso, Michael Kevane, Leslie C. Gray
Economics
Gendered social norms and institutions are important determinants of agricultural activities in southwestern Burkina Faso. This paper argues that gendered land tenure, in particular, has effects on equity and efficiency. The usual view of women as holders of secondary, or indirect, rights to land must be supplemented by a more nuanced understanding of tenure. Women's rights are in fact considerably more complex than the simple right to fields from their husbands. First, women's rights to property obtained from men may be coupled with other rights and obligations. In many ethnic groups, women have share rights to the harvest of their …