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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Keyword
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- LABOR MARKET ISSUES (6)
- UNEMPLOYMENT, DISABILITY, and INCOME SUPPORT PROGRAMS (4)
- Wages, health insurance and other benefits (3)
- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (2)
- Employment insurance (2)
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- Great Recession (2)
- Human capital (2)
- Regional policy and planning (2)
- UI (2)
- Unemployment (2)
- Unemployment insurance (2)
- Wages (2)
- Benefit adequacy (1)
- Benefit cost analysis (1)
- Benefit eligibility (1)
- Benefit financing (1)
- Benefits and duration (1)
- Biotech industry (1)
- Business and tax incentives (1)
- Business cycle conditions (1)
- Clusters (1)
- College graduates (1)
- Consumer behavior (1)
- Consumer confidence (1)
- Consumer spending (1)
- Disability (1)
- Disability benefits (1)
- Disability system (1)
- Disabled (1)
- Dislocated worker (1)
Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Unemployment Insurance, Stephen A. Woodbury
Unemployment Insurance, Stephen A. Woodbury
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Unemployment insurance (UI) provides temporary income support to workers who have lost their jobs and are seeking reemployment. This paper reviews the origins of the federal-state UI system in the United States and outlines its principles and goals. It also describes the conditions for benefit eligibility, the benefits themselves, and their financing through the UI payroll tax. The UI system is complex and includes many interested parties, including employers, worker advocates, state UI administrators, and the federal government. These parties’ differing views have led to controversies over benefit eligibility, adequacy, and whether the states or federal government should bear primary …
Short-Time Compensation As A Tool To Mitigate Job Loss? Evidence On The U.S. Experience During The Recent Recession, Katharine G. Abraham, Susan N. Houseman
Short-Time Compensation As A Tool To Mitigate Job Loss? Evidence On The U.S. Experience During The Recent Recession, Katharine G. Abraham, Susan N. Houseman
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
During the recent recession only 17 states offered short-time compensation (STC)—pro-rated unemployment benefits for workers whose hours are reduced for economic reasons. New federal legislation will encourage the expansion of STC. Exploiting cross-state variation in STC, we present new evidence indicating that jobs saved during the recession as a consequence of STC could have been significant in manufacturing, but that the overall scale of the STC program was generally too small to have substantially mitigated aggregate job losses in the 17 states. Expansion of the program is necessary for STC to be an effective counter-cyclical tool in the future.
State Incentives For Innovation, Star Scientists, And Jobs: Evidence From Biotech, Enrico Moretti, Daniel J. Wilson
State Incentives For Innovation, Star Scientists, And Jobs: Evidence From Biotech, Enrico Moretti, Daniel J. Wilson
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
We evaluate the effects of state-provided financial incentives for biotech companies, which are part of a growing trend of placed-based policies designed to spur innovation clusters. We estimate that the adoption of subsidies for biotech employers by a state raises the number of star biotech scientists in that state by about 15 percent over a three-year period. A 10 percent decline in the user cost of capital induced by an increase in R&D tax incentives raises the number of stars by 22 percent. Most of the gains are due to the relocation of star scientists to adopting states, with limited …
Partial Disability System And Labor Market Adjustment: The Case Of Spain, Jose I. Silva, Judit Vall-Castello
Partial Disability System And Labor Market Adjustment: The Case Of Spain, Jose I. Silva, Judit Vall-Castello
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Although partially disabled individuals in Spain are allowed to combine the receipt of disability benefits with a job, the empirical evidence shows that employment rates for this group of individuals are very low. Therefore, in this paper we construct labor market model with search intensity and matching frictions in order to identify the incentives and disincentives to work provided by the partial disability system in Spain from the point of view of both disabled individuals and employers. According to the model, the high employment rate gap observed between nondisabled and disabled workers can be partially explained by the presence of …
Expenditure, Confidence, And Uncertainty: Identifying Shocks To Consumer Confidence Using Daily Data, Marta Lachowska
Expenditure, Confidence, And Uncertainty: Identifying Shocks To Consumer Confidence Using Daily Data, Marta Lachowska
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
The importance of consumer confidence in stimulating economic activity is a disputed issue in macroeconomics. Do changes in confidence represent autonomous fluctuations in optimism, independent of information on economic fundamentals, or are they a reflection of economic news? I study this question by using high-frequency microdata on spending and consumer confidence, and I find that consumer confidence contains information relevant to predicting spending, independent from other indicators. The exogenous movements in consumer confidence lead to very short fluctuations in consumer spending, consistent with the hypothesis that more consumer confidence reflects less uncertainty about the future.
Predictors Of Employment Growth And Unemployment In U.S. Central Cities, 1990-2010, Laura Wolf-Powers
Predictors Of Employment Growth And Unemployment In U.S. Central Cities, 1990-2010, Laura Wolf-Powers
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper considers employment growth and unemployment from 1990-2010 in a cross-section of cities in light of practical tools that city governments have at their disposal to provide relief. In particular, I test educational attainment (both initial levels and growth over time) and public capital investment as influences on job growth and changes in unemployment rates in 83 central cities in the United States. Change in educational attainment over time is suggestive of causing higher job growth and lower unemployment. The implication is that initiatives to attract and retain college-educated professionals and investments in increasing college attainment among incumbent residents …
Employment Relations And Wages: What Can We Learn From Subjective Assessments?, Marta Lachowska
Employment Relations And Wages: What Can We Learn From Subjective Assessments?, Marta Lachowska
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper studies the link between hourly wages and workers’ subjective assessments of how easy it would be to find another job as good as the present one, and how easy it would be for an employer to replace an employee. First, using high-quality data, I study the correlates of these two assessments. Second, I study whether respondents who report better outside opportunities and respondents who think they are difficult to replace receive higher wages. The results appear to be consistent with predictions of at least three theoretical frameworks: human capital theory, search theory, and a “locus of control” model.
Do Minimum Wage Laws Affect People Who Are Not Covered? Evidence From Documented And Undocumented, Hourly And Piece Rate Workers In U.S. Agriculture, Anita Alves Pena
Do Minimum Wage Laws Affect People Who Are Not Covered? Evidence From Documented And Undocumented, Hourly And Piece Rate Workers In U.S. Agriculture, Anita Alves Pena
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
While a stated goal of minimum wage increases is to benefit low-income workers, some employers are not obligated to provide at least minimum wages to all employees. U.S. farm employers comprise one of these groups. Employees of large farms and H2-A workers (temporary nonimmigrant workers lawfully admitted to perform temporary or seasonal agricultural services) are protected by minimum wage legislation, while other migrant workers (especially those who are paid piece rate) are exempt. Furthermore, U.S. agriculture is characterized by a large percentage of illegal migrants, and workers who are illegal may or may not receive wages above minimum levels. This …
Social Costs Of Jobs Lost Due To Environmental Regulations, Timothy J. Bartik
Social Costs Of Jobs Lost Due To Environmental Regulations, Timothy J. Bartik
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper estimates the social costs of job loss due to environmental regulation. Per job lost, potential social costs of job loss are high, plausibly over $100,000 in present value costs (2012 dollars) per permanently lost job. However, these social costs will typically be far less than the earnings associated with lost jobs, because labor markets and workers adjust, increased leisure has some value, and employers benefit from wage reductions. A plausible range for social costs is 8–32 percent of the associated earnings of the lost jobs. Social costs will be higher for older workers, high-wage jobs, and in high …
The Impact Of Financialization On Management And Employment Outcomes, Rosemary L. Batt, Eileen Appelbaum
The Impact Of Financialization On Management And Employment Outcomes, Rosemary L. Batt, Eileen Appelbaum
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper examines three questions: 1) How and why have financial models of doing business emerged in the last three decades? 2) What new forms of financial capitalism have become important in the current period? 3) How do new financial intermediaries, such as private equity, and the financial strategies of nonfinancial corporations affect the management of companies and employment outcomes? The paper describes how deregulation and institutional change created the conditions for a new, more powerful role for finance capital in the governance of U.S. companies, and it synthesizes the empirical evidence on the process and outcomes of financialization in …
Worker Signals Among New College Graduates: The Role Of Selectivity And Gpa, Brad J. Hershbein
Worker Signals Among New College Graduates: The Role Of Selectivity And Gpa, Brad J. Hershbein
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Recent studies have found a large earnings premium to attending a more selective college, but the mechanisms underlying this premium have received little attention and remain unclear. In order to shed light on this question, I develop a multidimensional signaling model relying on college grades and selectivity that rationalizes students’ choices of effort and firms’ wage-setting behavior. The model is then used to produce predictions of how the interaction of the signals should be related to wages, namely that the return on college GPA should fall the more selective the institution attended. Using five data sets that span the early …