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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Savings In Transnational Households: A Field Experiment Among Migrants From El Salvador, Claudia Martínez A., Nava Ashraf, Diego Aycinena, Dean Yang
Savings In Transnational Households: A Field Experiment Among Migrants From El Salvador, Claudia Martínez A., Nava Ashraf, Diego Aycinena, Dean Yang
Claudia Martínez A.
We implemented a randomized field experiment investigating the importance of migrant control over remittances sent home. We offered migrants from El Salvador bank accounts in their home country into which they could send remittances, randomly varying their control and monitoring of savings. Migrants offered the most control over savings accumulated the highest savings. Effects of the treatment are concentrated among migrants previously expressing demand for control over remittances. There are positive spillovers of the intervention in the form of increased savings in U.S. banks. Effects likely reflect the joint impact of the account offers and our marketing pitch to migrants.
Do Micro-Entrepreneurship Programs Increase Wage-Work? Evidence From Chile, Claudia Martínez A., Esteban Puentes, Jaime Ruiz-Tagle
Do Micro-Entrepreneurship Programs Increase Wage-Work? Evidence From Chile, Claudia Martínez A., Esteban Puentes, Jaime Ruiz-Tagle
Claudia Martínez A.
sing a randomized controlled trial of a large-scale, publicly run micro-entrepreneurship program in Chile, we assess the effectiveness of business training and asset transfers to the poor. Using survey and monthly administrative data we study the effects of the program over a period of 46 months. We find that the program significantly increases employment by 15.3 and 6.8 percentages points 9 and 33 months after implementation, respectively. There is also a significant increase in labor income. The employment increase in the short run is through self-employment, while in the long run wage work also increases. In the long run, total …
Micro-Entrepreneurship Debt Level And Access To Credit: Short Term Impacts Of A Financial Literacy Program, Claudia Martínez A., Esteban Puentes
Micro-Entrepreneurship Debt Level And Access To Credit: Short Term Impacts Of A Financial Literacy Program, Claudia Martínez A., Esteban Puentes
Claudia Martínez A.
Using a randomized control trial, we evaluated the effect of a financial literacy program on the level of debt and on formal access to credit in Chile. The program was implemented on a sample of beneficiaries of a publicly run micro-entrepreneurship program. We evaluated the program using administrative data with information on the debt level, interest rate and new loans provided by the formal sector. The program did not seem to have a significant effect on these variables.
Investing In Schooling In Chile: The Role Of Information About Financial Aid For Higher Education, Taryn Dinkelman, Claudia Martínez A.
Investing In Schooling In Chile: The Role Of Information About Financial Aid For Higher Education, Taryn Dinkelman, Claudia Martínez A.
Claudia Martínez A.
Recent research demonstrates that imperfect information about returns to education distorts schooling investments. Questions remain about what information is missing in different settings and for whom such information is most critical. We conducted a field experiment to investigate whether Grade 8 children increase effort after learning about financial aid for post-secondary schooling; whether responses are larger for high or low ability students; or when parents as well as children learn about financial aid. We randomly assigned over 6,000 Chilean 8th graders in poor urban schools to information treatment or control groups, with half of the treatment group watching an information …
Tax Credits Response To Tax Enforcement: Evidence From A Quasi-Experiment In Chile, Claudio Agostini, Claudia Martínez A.
Tax Credits Response To Tax Enforcement: Evidence From A Quasi-Experiment In Chile, Claudio Agostini, Claudia Martínez A.
Claudia Martínez A.
Diesel in Chile receives a different tax treatment depending on its use. If diesel is used in industrial activities the diesel taxes paid can be fully used as a credit against VAT, but if it is used in freight or public transportation -basically trucks and buses- only a fraction of diesel taxes paid can be claimed as a tax credit for VAT payments. As a result of this different tax treatment firms have incentives to use “tax exempted” diesel in activities requiring “non tax exempted” diesel. This tax wedge, therefore, generates an opportunity for tax evasion, especially for firms with …
Childcare Indivisibility And Maternal Employment, Claudia Martínez A., Marcela Perticará
Childcare Indivisibility And Maternal Employment, Claudia Martínez A., Marcela Perticará
Claudia Martínez A.
This paper examines whether offering afterschool care for 6- to 13-year-old children has an impact on labor market outcomes among women in Chile with a randomized experiment. Effects on labor force participation and employment are found: program participation increases employment by 5% and participation by 7%. The program has stronger effects among women with young children who were ineligible for the program. At the same time, the program triggers the use of daycare for young (ineligible) children. The results are consistent with the indivisibility of childcare: all children must be eligible in order to break the childcare constraint.
Intra- Household Allocation And Bargaining Power: Evidence From Chile, Claudia Martínez A.
Intra- Household Allocation And Bargaining Power: Evidence From Chile, Claudia Martínez A.
Claudia Martínez A.
Until 1999, children born out of wedlock in Chile had fewer child support rights than those born to married couples. I interpret a change in this law as an increase in the household bargaining power of women in cohabiting relationships. Using a panel of cross-sectional data, I find a decrease in the probability of working among men and an increase in school attendance of children under 19. These results provide evidence that contradicts the predictions of the unitary household model as well as the Nash bargaining model. The labor market outcomes support a model in which a reduction in men's …
Voluntary Savings, Financial Behavior And Pension Finance Literacy: Evidence From Chile, Oscar, Claudia Martínez A.
Voluntary Savings, Financial Behavior And Pension Finance Literacy: Evidence From Chile, Oscar, Claudia Martínez A.
Claudia Martínez A.
Chileans have limited knowledge of the pension system, its rules and the consequences involved in their personal decisions within it. Using a variation in the household composition- having a pensioner in the household- as an instrument, we show that Chileans with more knowledge about the pension system are more likely to have additional financial savings, but not within the voluntary pension saving plans offered by the pension system. We find that getting one additional answer right in the pension literacy survey (out of six) generates approximately a 50% additional chance that the individual will save at least in one of …
Micro-Entrepreneurship Training And Asset Transfers: Short Term Impacts On The Poor, Claudia Martínez A., Jaime Ruiz-Tagle, Esteban Puentes
Micro-Entrepreneurship Training And Asset Transfers: Short Term Impacts On The Poor, Claudia Martínez A., Jaime Ruiz-Tagle, Esteban Puentes
Claudia Martínez A.
Using a randomized controlled trial of a large-scale publicly run micro-entrepreneurship program in Chile, we assess the effectiveness of business training and asset transfers on individuals’ employment and income. About half of the participants had not yet started their businesses at intervention, allowing us to study the program effects by baseline economic activity. To analyze the shape of the production function, two levels of asset transfers are allocated. We find that the program does significantly increase individuals’ employment and income by 18% and 32% respectively after one year and significantly improves the business practices of its beneficiaries. The program seems …
Equidad Tributaria Horizontal En El Impuesto Al Ingreso En Chile, Claudio Agostini, Claudia Martínez A., Barbara Flores
Equidad Tributaria Horizontal En El Impuesto Al Ingreso En Chile, Claudio Agostini, Claudia Martínez A., Barbara Flores
Claudia Martínez A.
En este trabajo, se estiman los efectos distributivos de eliminar el tratamiento diferencial de ingresos empresariales respecto a los ingresos individuales en el sistema tributario Chileno, así como también, de eliminar la principal exención existente en el impuesto al ingreso de las personas: ahorro previsional voluntario. En el caso de esta exención, los resultados muestran que si bien quienes la usan son mayoritariamente personas de mayores ingresos, su eliminación no aumenta la progresividad del impuesto al ingreso. En el caso de la eliminación del tratamiento tributario favorable a los ingresos corporativos, los efectos distributivos son importantes en magnitud y el …
Remittances And Poverty In Migrants’ Home Areas: Evidence From The Philippines, Dean Yang, Claudia Martínez A.
Remittances And Poverty In Migrants’ Home Areas: Evidence From The Philippines, Dean Yang, Claudia Martínez A.
Claudia Martínez A.
No abstract provided.