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Articles 1 - 24 of 24
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Linking Spatial Statistics With Gis: Operational Issues In The Spacestat-Arcview Link And The S+Grassland Link, Shuming Bao, Luc Anselin
Linking Spatial Statistics With Gis: Operational Issues In The Spacestat-Arcview Link And The S+Grassland Link, Shuming Bao, Luc Anselin
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
The extension of the functional capacity of geographic information systems (GIS) with tools for exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) has been an increasingly active area of research in recent years. In this paper, two operational implementations that link spatial analysis software with a GIS are considered more closely. They consist of a linkage between the SpaceStat software for spatial data analysis and the ArcView GIS (based on socalled loose coupling), and the S+Grassland Link between S-PLUS/SpatialStats and Grassland GIS (based on so-called close coupling). The emphasis is on the implementation of methods of exploratory spatial data analysis to describe spatial …
Sense Of Community And Neighbourhood Form: An Assessment Of The Social Doctrine Of New Urbanism, Emily Talen
Sense Of Community And Neighbourhood Form: An Assessment Of The Social Doctrine Of New Urbanism, Emily Talen
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
New urbanism , an umbrella term which encompasses `neotrad itional development’ as well as `traditional neighbourhood design’, lives by an unswerving belief in the ability of the built environment to create a `sense of community’. The purpose of this paper is to assess whether the social doctrine of new urbanism can be successfu lly supported or at least integrated with the social science literatu re which deals with the question of com munity form ation . Towards this goal, the paper ®rst delineates the social doctrine of new urbanism, and then discusses the conceptual fram eworks and empirical ®ndings that …
Local Economic Development As A Game: We’Re Caught In A Trap, I Can’T Walk Out …, Stephen Ellis, Cynthia Rogers
Local Economic Development As A Game: We’Re Caught In A Trap, I Can’T Walk Out …, Stephen Ellis, Cynthia Rogers
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
This paper uses game theory to analyze the practice of offering incentives to attract new firms to localities. It demonstrates that in trying to attract firms localities are faced with something like a prisoner’s dilemma: they are compelled to offer incentives but would be better off if they could agree not compete for firms. The dilemma that localities face explains why the bidding war for firms continues to escalate despite calls by economists and politicians for disarmament.
Employer Recruiting And The Gender Composition Of Jobs, F. Carson Mencken, Idee Winfield
Employer Recruiting And The Gender Composition Of Jobs, F. Carson Mencken, Idee Winfield
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
In this paper we examine employer recruiting in the external labor market as an intervening mechanism in the process of job gender segregation. We use data from the Metropolitan EmployerWorker Survey to examine the effects of informal and formal recruiting techniques on the gender composition of jobs, and how the characteristics of jobs, organizations, occupations and industries affect the use of formal and informal recruiting. Jobs more frequently recruited through formal techniques, such as advertisements, employ more women. In contrast, jobs more frequently recruited through informal techniques, such as business colleagues, employ fewer women. The effects of recruiting, however, are …
Examining Substitution Between Property Crimes Using North Carolina Data, Jeffrey Merrifield
Examining Substitution Between Property Crimes Using North Carolina Data, Jeffrey Merrifield
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
The purpose of this research is to test the economic model of crime for the existence of substitution among property crimes using aggregate data from North Carolina counties in 1983. Two models were estimated using weighted least squares. The first model tests the deterrent effect of four criminal justice variables on the rate of four property crimes. The second model tests for substitution cross effects among the crimes. While deterrent effects for individual crimes are apparent, the estimated elasticities do not support the notion that substitution among property crimes exist.
Right-To-Work Laws And Local Economic Growth: Recent Evidence From Appalachia, F. Carson Mencken
Right-To-Work Laws And Local Economic Growth: Recent Evidence From Appalachia, F. Carson Mencken
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
Right-to-work legislation continues to be debated at both the national and state levels. This paper seeks to inform the debate on the effectiveness of RTW laws as an economic development strategy. Using the 399 counties ofAppalachia as a case study, and a model informed by the human ecology and the new urban sociology, this paper compares recent earnings change during the last three business cycles in counties from right-to-work and non right-to-work states in the region. The analysis combines shift-share analysis and spatial lag regression analysis and estimates the relative effects of a variety of measures on county earnings change. …
Wavelet Analysis Of Commodity Price Behavior, Russell Davidson, Walter C. Labys, Jean-Baptiste Lesourd
Wavelet Analysis Of Commodity Price Behavior, Russell Davidson, Walter C. Labys, Jean-Baptiste Lesourd
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
We propose a form of semi-nonparametric regression based on wavelet analysis. Traditional time series methods usually involve either the time or the frequency domain, but wavelets can combine the information from both of these. While wavelet transforms are typically restricted to equally spaced observations an integer power of 2 in number, we show how to go beyond these constraints. We use our methods to construct ‘patios’ for 21 important international commodity price series. These graph the magnitude of the variations in the series at different time scales for various subperiods of the full sample.
The Economic And Social Impacts Of Nimbys, Terance J. Rephann
The Economic And Social Impacts Of Nimbys, Terance J. Rephann
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
This paper examines some of the issues and controversies that arise when facilities with perceived noxious environmental, social, and economic effects (NIMBYs) locate in communites. Five specific categories of NIMBYs are examined, including: (1) interstate highways, (2) large dams, (3) medium and maximum security prisons, (4) commercial nuclear power plants, and (5) gambling casinos. The paper uses quasi-experimental control group methods to assess the economic impacts of these facilities on U.S. counties during the period 1972-94. The paper shows that few actual negative effects can be attributed to NIMBYs. However, only interstate highways result in broad based effects that measurably …
Testing For Spatial Error Autocorrelation In The Presence Of Endogenous Regressors, Luc Anselin, Harry H. Kelejian
Testing For Spatial Error Autocorrelation In The Presence Of Endogenous Regressors, Luc Anselin, Harry H. Kelejian
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
This paper examines the properties of Moran's I test for spatial error autocorrelation when endogenous variables are included in the regression specification and estimation is carried out by means of instrumental variables procedures (such as two-stage least squares). The asymptotic distribution of the statistic is formally derived in a general model that encompasses endogeneity due to system feedbacks as well as spatial interaction (in the form of spatially lagged dependent variables). The small-sample performance of the test is assessed in a series of Monte Carlo simulation experiments, and the test is compared to a number of ad hoc approaches that …
Regional Aspects Of Political Party Development In The United States: The Case Of Governors, 1789-1824, Anna Falkner
Regional Aspects Of Political Party Development In The United States: The Case Of Governors, 1789-1824, Anna Falkner
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
The current political system is a compilation of the events of political party formation and transformation that have occurred over the last two hundred years. The following research focuses on the development of the first political system in the United States. The rivalry between the Federalists and Republicans led to the modern party system. The system developed in the 1790s, matured by 1800, and then declined by 1810s. This research focuses on governor political affiliations and makes observations about regional patterns. The research objectives are: identification of party affiliation, identification of method of election, and regional analysis of party strength …
Estimating County Cost Of Living Indexes:The Issue Of Urban Versus Rural, Laura A. Blanciforti, Edit Kranner
Estimating County Cost Of Living Indexes:The Issue Of Urban Versus Rural, Laura A. Blanciforti, Edit Kranner
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
This paper summarizes the outcome of a survey of cost of living/price index programs at the county level in the U.S. Additionally, it presents results of econometric analyses of price level data by counties for two states, Florida and Minnesota. Unlike previous studies that use a sample of urban counties and/or metropolitan areas, this analysis uses all units of the defined geographical area. It reviews the differences that occur from applying the same analytical methods to different data groupings, specifically, urban and rural counties. Finally, it points out issues that regional statisticians must consider when developing indexes for counties within …
Socioeconomic Performance In Metropolitan And Nonmetropolitan Areas During The 1980s, F. Carson Mencken, Joachim Singelmann
Socioeconomic Performance In Metropolitan And Nonmetropolitan Areas During The 1980s, F. Carson Mencken, Joachim Singelmann
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
The socioeconomic gap between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas increased during the 1980s. We test three competing explanations for this trend during the 1980s: overdependence on manufacturing, especially in nonmetro labor markets, the emergence of producer services as a catalyst of socioeconomic growth, and federal spending. Using a model that is informed by a variety of perspectives in sociology and economic geography, and commuter zones (CZs) as spatial units of analysis, we estimate the effects of manufacturing concentration, producer service concentration, and federal spending on per capita income, per capita earnings, and private nonfarm employment growth during the 1983-1988 business cycle …
The Utopianism Of Children: An Empirical Study Of Children's Neighborhood Design Preferences, Emily Talen, Mary Coffindaffer
The Utopianism Of Children: An Empirical Study Of Children's Neighborhood Design Preferences, Emily Talen, Mary Coffindaffer
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
Little is known about the environmental preferences of children. While planners have taught children about planning, relatively little academic research has been conducted on what children can teach the discipline about planning. This paper summarizes the results of a survey of the planning preferences of 248 children in kindergarten through second grade. The content analysis revealed a preference for land use variety and for places associated with activity and social interaction. Children tended to favor diversity and accessibility, as opposed to homogeneity and privacy. Further, the children's plans were different in terms of age and particularly in terms of gender. …
A Spatial Analysis Of Southern Gubernatorial Elections: 1965-1997, Chuck Failing Iv
A Spatial Analysis Of Southern Gubernatorial Elections: 1965-1997, Chuck Failing Iv
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
For nearly a century the Democratic Party exerted an unmatched influence at all levels of government in the southern United States. This is particularly true in the eleven former Confederate states: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. In turn, the policies and personalities of politicians and voters in the South played immense roles in shaping the national Democratic Party and national policies. This paper illustrates the dynamics of political change in the South at the gubernatorial level, and quantifies the magnitude of change over time with statistical analysis.
A Kalman-Filter Approach To Estimating The Natural Rate Of Unemployment, Victor V. Claar
A Kalman-Filter Approach To Estimating The Natural Rate Of Unemployment, Victor V. Claar
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
The terms “NAIRU” and “natural rate of unemployment” are not interchangeable. Further, while there is a consensus that the NAIRU represents an empirical macroeconomic relationship, little agreement exists regarding what is meant by the “natural rate of unemployment.” This paper estimates the natural rate of unemployment, defined here as the unemployment rate corresponding to equilibrium in the labor market. Rather than employ a Phillips curve, the model utilizes a macroeconomic-principles-level decomposition of the unemployment rate into its cyclical and noncyclical components. We then evaluate the estimated natural rate series by examining its relationship to structural variables from the labor market.
Rao’S Score Test In Spatial Econometrics, Luc Anselin
Rao’S Score Test In Spatial Econometrics, Luc Anselin
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
Rao's score test provides an extremely useful framework for developing diagnostics against hypotheses that reflect cross-sectional or spatial correlation in regression models, a major focus of attention in spatial econometrics. In this paper, a review and assessment is presented of the application of Rao's score test against three broad classes of spatial alternatives: spatial autoregressive and moving average processes, spatial error components and direct representation models. A brief review is presented of the various forms and distinctive characteristics of RS tests against spatial processes. New tests are developed against the alternatives of spatial error components and direct representation models. It …
Regional Economic Effects Of University Research: A Survey, Attila Varga
Regional Economic Effects Of University Research: A Survey, Attila Varga
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
Previous research is classified into four broad categories in this paper: the study of a university’s impact on the location choice of high technology facilities, the investigation of university impact on the spatial distribution of high technology production, the analysis of the spatial pattern of industrial research and development activities, and the modeling of local knowledge transfers emanating from academic institutions. It is found that the university effect on the location choice of high technology facilities depends on certain area characteristics. There is a strong evidence in the literature of local academic technology transfers. Regarding the effect of university technology …
Social Contacts And Job Searching: Does Gender Of Contact Matter?, F Carson Mencken
Social Contacts And Job Searching: Does Gender Of Contact Matter?, F Carson Mencken
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
In this study, I investigate how the gender of the social contact women use to find jobs affects the gender composition of the jobs that women find. Using a subsample of women in the Metropolitan Employer Worker Survey, I test two competing hypotheses about the effects of gender of social contact using multivariate logistic regression. Controlling for a range of individual, household, occupation/industry and organization variables, the analysis shows that females are significantly less likely to find female dominated jobs when they find their jobs through male contacts, compared to female contacts. Moreover, I also show that traditional measures of …
The Effects Of Federal Spending On Earnings Change In Appalachia, F. Carson Mencken, James H. Noonan
The Effects Of Federal Spending On Earnings Change In Appalachia, F. Carson Mencken, James H. Noonan
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
In this paper we investigate the effects of federal spending on earnings change in Appalachian counties during the 1983-88 recovery and 1989-92 recession. Specifically, we explore the effects of federal spending from grants/research, procurement, salary/wages and defense. The analysis controls for key concepts in the human ecology and new urban sociology. The dependent variables are earnings change for each business cycle from a shift-share analysis, which decomposes county earnings change into that from nationally declining industries. The analysis shows that federal spending has no effect on earnings change, when it is considered as an aggregate measure. However, when federal spending …
The National Role In Rural Economic Development:Some Empirical Evidence And Policy Implications, Andrew Isserman
The National Role In Rural Economic Development:Some Empirical Evidence And Policy Implications, Andrew Isserman
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
No abstract provided.
Agricultural Transformation In Rural Western Kenya: The Maize Crop In The Mt. Elgon Region, 1930-1950, Jennifer L. Hoskinson
Agricultural Transformation In Rural Western Kenya: The Maize Crop In The Mt. Elgon Region, 1930-1950, Jennifer L. Hoskinson
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
Between 1930 and 1950 the Kenyan colonial government began an experiment with maize by attempting to introduce it as a major cash crop in the Mt. Elgon geographical region of Western Kenya. Part of a larger campaign concerning African agriculture in general, the colonial government pursued various policies aimed at raising the price of African-grown maize and improving its production. Just as these policies began to provide an atmosphere favorable to African maize export growth, however, the colonial government reversed several of these policies. Using the case of maize in the Mt. Elgon region, this research illustrates how the failure …
Measuring The Public Realm: A Case Study, Emily Talen
Measuring The Public Realm: A Case Study, Emily Talen
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
Urban planners are vitally interested in the role, meaning, and use of public space. The recent trend toward building neighborhoods and towns according to the doctrine of new urbanism - a movement which seeks to promote sense of community by adhering to certain principles about the physical arrangement of space - brings the debate about the use of public space and its effect on social life to the forefront. New urbanism stresses the need to resurrect a more civic focus in town planning principles via the provision of public space ( Kunstler, 1996 ; Hochstein, 1994), a view based on …
Measuring Governors’ Effectiveness: A Control Group Study, Brad Keller
Measuring Governors’ Effectiveness: A Control Group Study, Brad Keller
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
This research sought empirical evidence that the policies of celebrated governors of Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, and Arkansas led to increases in employment in their state. The counties of those states were matched with counties from other states based on variables thought to affect economic growth. Differences between the matched pairs were then examined in seventeen major sectors. Little regional support was found for the conclusion that the policies stimulated the counties’ economies. The Pennsylvania counties lagged behind the match counties before the policies went into effect and continued to do so afterward. Massachusetts counties experienced relative growth in transportation and public …
Distribution-Free Statistical Inferences For Testing Marginal Changes In Inequality Indices, Buhong Zheng, Brian Cushing
Distribution-Free Statistical Inferences For Testing Marginal Changes In Inequality Indices, Buhong Zheng, Brian Cushing
Regional Research Institute Working Papers
This paper develops asymptotically distribution-free inference for testing inequality indices with dependent samples. It considers the interpolated Gini coefficient and the generalized entropy class, which includes several commonly used inequality indices. We first establish inference tests for changes in inequality indices with completely dependent samples (i.e., matched pairs) and then generalize the inference procedures to cases with partially dependent samples. The effects of sample dependency on standard errors of inequality changes are examined through simulation studies as well as through applications to the CPS and PSID data.