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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Economics Of Job Search: New Insights From An Upjohn Institute-Federal Reserve Bank Of Chicago Conference, Brad J. Hershbein, Claudia Macaluso
The Economics Of Job Search: New Insights From An Upjohn Institute-Federal Reserve Bank Of Chicago Conference, Brad J. Hershbein, Claudia Macaluso
Brad J. Hershbein
No abstract provided.
Regional Labour Market Integration In England And Wales, 1850-1913, George R. Boyer, Timothy J. Hatton
Regional Labour Market Integration In England And Wales, 1850-1913, George R. Boyer, Timothy J. Hatton
George R. Boyer
[Excerpt] This chapter examines the integration of labour markets within the rural and urban sectors of England and Wales during the second half of the nineteenth century. Although there is a large literature on internal migration and emigration in Victorian Britain, historians typically have focused on the direction and causes of migration rather than on its consequences for the labour market. Broadly speaking, the literature has found that workers did indeed migrate towards better wage-earning opportunities, that most moves were short-distance moves, and that once certain patterns of migration were established they often persisted. The studies leave the strong impression, …
Labor Force Migration, Unemployment And Job Turnover, Gary S. Fields
Labor Force Migration, Unemployment And Job Turnover, Gary S. Fields
Gary S Fields
[Excerpt] In this paper, we show how labor turnover considerations can be integrated into the human investment theory of migration and demonstrate that such a model provides a much better explanation for migration rates into major metropolitan areas than the conventionally-used unemployment rate. The method used here may be of interest as well to researchers working on other human investment problems that also have a multi-period dimension.
The Effect Of Tax Limitation Legislation On Public Sector Labor Markets: A Comment, Ronald G. Ehrenberg
The Effect Of Tax Limitation Legislation On Public Sector Labor Markets: A Comment, Ronald G. Ehrenberg
Ronald G. Ehrenberg
[Excerpt] This brief comment presents my views about the current relative economic status of state and local government employees and the growth of collective bargaining and influence of unions in the public sector. With these remarks as background, I then discuss the likely effects of tax limitation legislation on public sector labor markets.
Workers’ Rights: Rethinking Protective Labor Legislation, Ronald G. Ehrenberg
Workers’ Rights: Rethinking Protective Labor Legislation, Ronald G. Ehrenberg
Ronald G. Ehrenberg
This paper focuses on a few directions in which protective labor legislation might be expanded in the United States over the next decade and the implications of expansion in each area for labor markets. Specifically, it addresses the areas of hours of work, unjust dismissal, comparable worth, and plant closings. In each case, the discussion stresses the need to be explicit about how private markets have failed, the need for empirical evidence to test such market failure claims, the need for economic analysis of potential unintended side effects of policy changes, and the existing empirical estimates of the likely magnitudes …
Labour Institutions And Economic Development: A Conceptual Framework With Reference To Asia, Gary S. Fields
Labour Institutions And Economic Development: A Conceptual Framework With Reference To Asia, Gary S. Fields
Gary S Fields
[Excerpt] In this chapter, I set forth a framework for analysing how labour markets function under existing institutional arrangements and predicting how they would respond to alternative changes and policy interventions. I seek to blend logical rigour with institutional realism in a stylized way. My approach borrows from orthodox neoclassical analysis where relevant, and departs from those characterizations when the standard assumptions are empirically untenable.
Labor Market Analysis For Developing Countries, Gary S. Fields
Labor Market Analysis For Developing Countries, Gary S. Fields
Gary S Fields
This paper is about analyzing labor markets in developing countries, searching for both improved understanding and greater policy relevance. Following a five-part policy evaluation framework, the highlights of labor markets in developing countries are presented. Theoretical models with multiple sectors and segments and empirical analysis using different kinds of data are then reviewed. A brief concluding section addresses some priority research needs.
Poverty And Low Earnings In The Developing World, Gary S. Fields
Poverty And Low Earnings In The Developing World, Gary S. Fields
Gary S Fields
More than three billion people are poor by international standards, and essentially all are to be found in the low- and middle-income countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The issues for understanding poverty in the developing world - among them, self-employment and household enterprises, agricultural work, casual employment, and informal work – differ from those in the developed world. Different policy issues predominate: stimulating economic growth, harnessing the energies of the private sector, increasing paid employment, and raising the returns to self-employment. This chapter details how the poorer half of the world’s people work and gives an overview of …
Modeling Labor Market Policy In Developing Countries: A Selective Review Of The Literature And Needs For The Future, Gary S. Fields
Modeling Labor Market Policy In Developing Countries: A Selective Review Of The Literature And Needs For The Future, Gary S. Fields
Gary S Fields
[Excerpt] Sound labor market policy requires sound labor market models. Sound models have three characteristics. First, from a welfare economic point of view, the policy judgments are explicit, mutually consistent, and thoroughly worked out. Second, from a theoretical point of view, the models are sufficiently detailed and suitably rigorous. And third, from an empirical point of view, the models guide and are guided by solid quantitative evidence. This paper reviews models of labor markets in developing countries from both a positive and a normative point of view. The survey is selective in that it exposits only some of the more …
A Public Lecture: Labour Markets And Economic Development, Gary S. Fields
A Public Lecture: Labour Markets And Economic Development, Gary S. Fields
Gary S Fields
[Excerpt] I want to put forward three propositions to you based on decades of work in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. First, economic development can be (but need not be) a win-win-win situation - for businesses, for individuals and groups of individuals, and for governments and non- governmental organisations (NGOs). Second, the labour market can (but need not) serve as an effective mechanism for contributing to economic growth and for transmitting the gains from economic growth. And third, in both of these areas, whether a country experiences the more favorable set of outcomes or the less favorable ones reflects a) …
Decent Work And Development Policies, Gary S. Fields
Decent Work And Development Policies, Gary S. Fields
Gary S Fields
Welcoming the shift to outcomes which he perceives in the ILO's focus on decent work, the author explores the major issues thus raised. He discusses how to make the notion of decent work more precise in operational terms, and how to develop an integrated approach to economic and social policy in the decent work context, before formulating an empirical approach to assessing the effects of economic growth on decent work. Finally, he outlines a structure for the ILO's planned country reviews of progress towards decent work.
Earning Their Way Out Of Poverty (Outline And Sample Chapter), Gary Fields
Earning Their Way Out Of Poverty (Outline And Sample Chapter), Gary Fields
Gary S Fields
[Excerpt] According to the latest figures, today an estimated 3.1 billion people still live in absolute poverty, essentially all of them in the low- and middle-income countries of Asia, Latin America, and Africa and none of them in what are traditionally called the “developed economies” of North America (excluding Mexico), Western Europe, and selected parts of Asia and Oceania. This book is about how the poor live and work and what actions the world community could take to improve poor people’s earning opportunities as a central component of a multifaceted program aimed at ending the scourge of absolute economic misery.
[Review Of Pay Without Performance: The Unfulfilled Promise Of Executive Compensation], Kevin F. Hallock
[Review Of Pay Without Performance: The Unfulfilled Promise Of Executive Compensation], Kevin F. Hallock
Kevin F Hallock
[Excerpt] Every once in a while someone comes out with an important book concerning corporate governance or executive compensation. Like Aldolf A. Berle and Gardiner C. Means's The Modern Corporation and Private Property (New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1932) and Graef S. Crystal's In Search of Excess: The Overcompensation of American Executives (New York: W.W. Norton, 1991), Bebchuk and Fried's new book is thought-provoking and interesting. It is a very important book and should be read not just by those interested in executive pay or corporate governance but by anyone interested in how corporations work.
[Review Of Personnel Economics In Imperfect Labour Markets], Kevin F. Hallock
[Review Of Personnel Economics In Imperfect Labour Markets], Kevin F. Hallock
Kevin F Hallock
Excerpt] This book is an attempt to consolidate what we know about Personnel Economics by focusing on Personnel Economics in Imperfect Labor Markets. Even on the first page of the book, the author is clear about this mission. In particular he notes that "The view of personnel economics analyzed in this book is based on two key properties of... labour markets: labour markets are imperfect and jobs are associated to [sic] rents; labour market institutions interact with personnel policies. Notably, wages are partly set outside the firm-worker pair (minimum wages and collective agreements are widespread)" and "job termination policies are …
A Guide To Multisector Labor Market Models, Gary Fields
A Guide To Multisector Labor Market Models, Gary Fields
Gary S Fields
[Excerpt] This is a paper on labor markets. Why are labor markets important to economic development? Many individuals and institutions, including the World Bank and the regional development banks, seek “a world free of poverty.” Broadly speaking, those who are poor are poor because 1) they earn little from the work they do, 2) the societies in which they live are too poor to provide them with substantial goods and services by virtue of their citizenship or residency, and 3) the poor are not permitted to move to richer countries. Thus, anti-poverty efforts can be focused on 1) helping people …
New Entry And The Rate Of Return To Education: The Case Of Registered Nurses, Surrey Walton, Philip E. Graves, Robert L. Sexton
New Entry And The Rate Of Return To Education: The Case Of Registered Nurses, Surrey Walton, Philip E. Graves, Robert L. Sexton
Robert L Sexton
In the 1970's, the percentage of high school graduates completing RN training increased with little change in the rate of return to training. During the 1980's this percentage declined, despite large increases in the rate of return. The national data employed here examine long-run trends (with emphasis on the 1970's and 1980's) in financial incentives and entry into the nursing profession and suggest that broader professional career opportunities in the 1980's exerted a large impact vis-a-vis the 1970's, among other factors. Rates of return remain high in the 1990's with modest signs of the market stabilizing. Successful policies to ensure …
New Entry And The Rate Of Return To Education: The Case Of Registered Nurses, Surrey Walton, Philip E. Graves, Robert L. Sexton
New Entry And The Rate Of Return To Education: The Case Of Registered Nurses, Surrey Walton, Philip E. Graves, Robert L. Sexton
PHILIP E GRAVES
In the 1970's, the percentage of high school graduates completing RN training increased with little change in the rate of return to training. During the 1980's this percentage declined, despite large increases in the rate of return. The national data employed here examine long-run trends (with emphasis on the 1970's and 1980's) in financial incentives and entry into the nursing profession and suggest that broader professional career opportunities in the 1980's exerted a large impact vis-a-vis the 1970's, among other factors. Rates of return remain high in the 1990's with modest signs of the market stabilizing. Successful policies to ensure …
A Note On Interfirm Implications Of Wages And Status, Philip E. Graves, Dwight Lee, Robert L. Sexton
A Note On Interfirm Implications Of Wages And Status, Philip E. Graves, Dwight Lee, Robert L. Sexton
Robert L Sexton
This paper does not have an abstract, but examines inter-firm implications of some prior explorations into the nature of wages and status by Robert Frank.
A Note On Interfirm Implications Of Wages And Status, Philip E. Graves, Dwight Lee, Robert L. Sexton
A Note On Interfirm Implications Of Wages And Status, Philip E. Graves, Dwight Lee, Robert L. Sexton
Robert L Sexton
This paper does not have an abstract, but examines inter-firm implications of some prior explorations into the nature of wages and status by Robert Frank.