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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Quality Of Jobs Created By Entrepreneurs, Adam Seth Litwin, Philip Phan
The Quality Of Jobs Created By Entrepreneurs, Adam Seth Litwin, Philip Phan
Adam Seth Litwin
Few dare to challenge the conventional wisdom that small business is the engine of job creation. Indeed, in the United States, the image of the small business owner left largely unfettered to create novel products and services sits on the same cultural plane as baseball and apple pie, and one would be hard-pressed to find a policymaker who would openly question the wisdom that most new jobs arise either directly or indirectly from these small businesses. This near religious belief in the small business owner as job creator yields a steady stream of policies offering tax relief to small businesses, …
Assessment Of The Importance Of Small Business To Kalamazoo County's Economy And The Adequacy Of Services To Nurture Small Business Formation, George A. Erickcek
Assessment Of The Importance Of Small Business To Kalamazoo County's Economy And The Adequacy Of Services To Nurture Small Business Formation, George A. Erickcek
George A. Erickcek
No abstract provided.
Economic Development Recommendations That Focus On The "Working Poor": Lessons From Waco, George Erickcek, Don Edgerly, Brian Pittelko, Claudette Robey, Bridget Timmeney, Jim Robey
Economic Development Recommendations That Focus On The "Working Poor": Lessons From Waco, George Erickcek, Don Edgerly, Brian Pittelko, Claudette Robey, Bridget Timmeney, Jim Robey
George A. Erickcek
No abstract provided.
Job Growth And The Quality Of Jobs In The U.S. Economy, Susan N. Houseman
Job Growth And The Quality Of Jobs In The U.S. Economy, Susan N. Houseman
Susan N. Houseman
During the 1980's employment grew rapidly in the United States, prompting many analysts to label the U.S. economy the great American job machine. But while aggregate employment increased rapidly during the 1980's, many did not benefit from the expansion. Among less educated prime-age males, unemployment rates rose and labor force participation rates declined sharply. Moreover, although job growth was high, many argued that the quality of American jobs as measured by wages, benefits, and job security deteriorated. The decline of jobs in the high-paying manufacturing sector and the growth of jobs in the low-paying services sector, the growth in part-time …
Discussion [Of The Effects Of State And Local Public Services On Economic Development By Ronald C. Fisher], Timothy Bartik
Discussion [Of The Effects Of State And Local Public Services On Economic Development By Ronald C. Fisher], Timothy Bartik
Timothy J. Bartik
No abstract provided.
An Analysis Of The Employment Effects Of The Washington High Technology Business And Occupation (B&O) Tax Credit: Technical Report, Timothy J. Bartik, Kevin Hollenbeck
An Analysis Of The Employment Effects Of The Washington High Technology Business And Occupation (B&O) Tax Credit: Technical Report, Timothy J. Bartik, Kevin Hollenbeck
Timothy J. Bartik
This paper estimates the effects of an R&D tax credit in the state of Washington on job creation. The research uses micro-data on the job creation and tax credits received by individual firms in the state of Washington from 2004 to 2009. We correct for the endogeneity of R&D tax credits received by individual firms by using instrumental variables based in part on national industry factor shares for R&D. We estimate that this tax credit created jobs, but at a high cost. The cost per job-year created is estimated to be between $40,000 and $50,000. The credit was so high …
Analysis Of Washington High Tech Tax Credit, Kevin Hollenbeck, Timothy Bartik
Analysis Of Washington High Tech Tax Credit, Kevin Hollenbeck, Timothy Bartik
Timothy J. Bartik
The State of Washington has a credit provision in its Business & Operations tax intended to incentivize research and development expenditures in high tech industries. The indirect goal of the incentive is to generate employment in the state. Upjohn Institute staff members analyzed administrative data from the state to estimate the employment and earnings generating effect of the R & D credit. The administrative data included tax return information merged with quarterly earnings and employment records. Potential endogeneity of the credits and employment were controlled through instrumental variables.
How Do The Effects Of Local Growth On Employment Rates Vary With Initial Labor Market Conditions?, Timothy J. Bartik
How Do The Effects Of Local Growth On Employment Rates Vary With Initial Labor Market Conditions?, Timothy J. Bartik
Timothy J. Bartik
This paper examines how the effects of increased employment growth on a metropolitan area’s employment to population ratio varies with the initial tightness of the metropolitan area’s labor market. This examination is relevant to evaluating the benefits of local economic development policies in different metropolitan areas. Much of the benefits of such policies are in higher employment rates. The empirical estimates suggest that the effectiveness of employment growth in increasing the employment to population ratio is lower in metropolitan areas with “tight” labor markets. In addition, some estimates suggest that growth has the greatest long-run effects on the employment to …
Who Benefits From Local Job Growth: Migrants Or The Original Residents?, Timothy Bartik
Who Benefits From Local Job Growth: Migrants Or The Original Residents?, Timothy Bartik
Timothy J. Bartik
No abstract provided.
Comments On Papers By Michael Wasylenko And Ronald Fisher, Timothy J. Bartik
Comments On Papers By Michael Wasylenko And Ronald Fisher, Timothy J. Bartik
Timothy J. Bartik
No abstract provided.
Employment Effects Of The Washington High Technology Business And Occupation Tax Credit, Timothy J. Bartik, Kevin Hollenbeck
Employment Effects Of The Washington High Technology Business And Occupation Tax Credit, Timothy J. Bartik, Kevin Hollenbeck
Timothy J. Bartik
No abstract provided.
Including Jobs In Benefit-Cost Analysis, Timothy J. Bartik
Including Jobs In Benefit-Cost Analysis, Timothy J. Bartik
Timothy J. Bartik
Public policies may affect employment by directly creating jobs, facilitating job creation, or augmenting labor supply. In labor markets with high unemployment, such employment changes may have significant net efficiency benefits, which should be included in benefit-cost analyses.
The research literature offers diverse recommendations on measuring employment benefits. Many of the recommendations rely on arbitrary assumptions. The resulting employment benefit estimates vary widely.
This paper reviews this literature, and offers recommendations on how to better measure employment benefits using estimable parameters. Guidance is provided on measuring policy-induced labor demand, estimating the demand shock’s impact on labor market outcomes, and translating …
A Database For Measuring Industrial And Occupational Strengths And Potential In Michigan’S Economic Regions, Timothy Bartik, George Erickcek
A Database For Measuring Industrial And Occupational Strengths And Potential In Michigan’S Economic Regions, Timothy Bartik, George Erickcek
Timothy J. Bartik
Researchers developed a database that included analysis of each of Michigan's economic region's industrial strengths and potential strengths in different "export-base industries." The MERIOD (Michigan Economic Region Industrial and Occupational Development) database surveyed specialized industries and high-growth industries in each of the fifteen metro areas. It identified export-based industries to the six-digit NAICS level and explored recent growth trends in these industries in both the Michigan metro area and at the national level. These data and analyses provided MEDC (Michigan Economic Development Corporation) and regional economic developers in Michigan with insight into potential industry targets for better informed policy decisions.
Michigan Competitiveness For Economic Development Report, Timothy Bartik, George Erickcek
Michigan Competitiveness For Economic Development Report, Timothy Bartik, George Erickcek
Timothy J. Bartik
Institute staff evaluated Michigan's competitiveness for economic development compared to the nation and nearby states. The report analyzed several aspects of Michigan's competitiveness including: tax competitiveness, Michigan's growth and industry mix, Michigan's competitiveness in human capital, and the competitiveness of Michigan's metropolitan areas. The report also included an executive summary targeted to a broader audience
An Analysis Of The Employment Effects Of The Washington High Technology Business And Occupation (B&O) Tax Credit: Technical Report, Timothy J. Bartik, Kevin Hollenbeck
An Analysis Of The Employment Effects Of The Washington High Technology Business And Occupation (B&O) Tax Credit: Technical Report, Timothy J. Bartik, Kevin Hollenbeck
Kevin Hollenbeck
This paper estimates the effects of an R&D tax credit in the state of Washington on job creation. The research uses micro-data on the job creation and tax credits received by individual firms in the state of Washington from 2004 to 2009. We correct for the endogeneity of R&D tax credits received by individual firms by using instrumental variables based in part on national industry factor shares for R&D. We estimate that this tax credit created jobs, but at a high cost. The cost per job-year created is estimated to be between $40,000 and $50,000. The credit was so high …
Employment Effects Of The Washington High Technology Business And Occupation Tax Credit, Timothy J. Bartik, Kevin Hollenbeck
Employment Effects Of The Washington High Technology Business And Occupation Tax Credit, Timothy J. Bartik, Kevin Hollenbeck
Kevin Hollenbeck
No abstract provided.
Discussion [Of State Regulatory Policy And Economic Development By Robert Tannenwald], H. Hunt
Discussion [Of State Regulatory Policy And Economic Development By Robert Tannenwald], H. Hunt
H. Allan Hunt
No abstract provided.
Including Jobs In Benefit-Cost Analysis, Timothy Bartik
Including Jobs In Benefit-Cost Analysis, Timothy Bartik
Timothy J. Bartik
No abstract provided.
The Greater Boston Region: Industry Mix Affects Growth, David Terkla
The Greater Boston Region: Industry Mix Affects Growth, David Terkla
David G. Terkla
Overall prosperity in the Greater Boston region masks the extreme diversity among its cities and towns. Some areas have experienced robust growth in relatively high paying industries. Others have faced growth only in low-paying jobs, accompanied in many cases by a substantial decline in high-paying sectors. By examining the area’s five subregions in terms of industry types, wage levels, and employment growth, we begin to see reasons for these differences.
How Do The Effects Of Local Growth On Employment Rates Vary With Initial Labor Market Conditions?, Timothy Bartik
How Do The Effects Of Local Growth On Employment Rates Vary With Initial Labor Market Conditions?, Timothy Bartik
Timothy J. Bartik
This paper examines how the effects of increased employment growth on a metropolitan area's employment to population ratio varies with the initial tightness of the metropolitan area's labor market. This examination is relevant to evaluating the benefits of local economic development policies in different metropolitan areas. Much of the benefits of such policies are in higher employment rates. The empirical estimates suggest that the effectiveness of employment growth in increasing the employment to population ratio is lower in metropolitan areas with "tight" labor markets. In addition, some estimates suggest that growth has the greatest long-run effects on the employment to …
Michigan's Economic Competitiveness And Public Policy, Timothy Bartik
Michigan's Economic Competitiveness And Public Policy, Timothy Bartik
Timothy J. Bartik
No abstract provided.
Job Growth And The Quality Of Jobs In The U.S. Economy, Susan Houseman
Job Growth And The Quality Of Jobs In The U.S. Economy, Susan Houseman
Susan N. Houseman
No abstract provided.