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Articles 1 - 29 of 29
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
(Wp 2024-01) Douglass North, New Institutional Economics, And Complexity Theory, John B. Davis, Mauro Boianovsky
(Wp 2024-01) Douglass North, New Institutional Economics, And Complexity Theory, John B. Davis, Mauro Boianovsky
Economics Working Papers
Douglass North was central to the emergence of New Institutional Economics. Less well known are his later writings where he became interested in complexity theory. He attended the second economics complexity conference at the Santa Fe Institute in 1996 on how the economy functions as a complex adaptive system, and in his 2005 Understanding the Process of Economic Change incorporated this thinking into his argument that market systems depend on how institutions evolve. North also emphasized in the 2005 book the role belief played in evolutionary processes, and drew on cognitive science, especially the famous ‘scaffolding’ idea of cognitive scientist …
Fixing Prior Consultation For Indigenous Empowerment, Marcela Torres-Wong, Elia Méndez-García
Fixing Prior Consultation For Indigenous Empowerment, Marcela Torres-Wong, Elia Méndez-García
The Journal of Social Encounters
Over the last three decades, extractive conflicts in Latin America have become increasingly violent. Hundreds of Indigenous activists have been murdered for defending their land against extractive interests. The international formula for addressing this type of conflict is for governments to conduct prior consultation procedures with Indigenous communities before affecting indigenous territories. However, the misuse of consultations by governments and companies to legitimize ecologically destructive projects has led a sector of Indigenous organizations to reject prior consultation, while others continue advocating for free, prior, and informed consent. We compare two cases of Indigenous communities from Oaxaca and Yucatán in Mexico …
The Leveling Spirit: Violence And Inequality In Postwar Iraq, Griffin Perrault
The Leveling Spirit: Violence And Inequality In Postwar Iraq, Griffin Perrault
Honors Theses
The Iraq War (2003–2011) constitutes by some estimates one of the deadliest and most destructive conflicts of the 21st century (Hagopian et al., 2013). In addition to the disputed figures of excess violent civilian casualties––generally ranging from 180,000 to 210,000 deaths––the war has created one of the major refugee crises of modern times, with 1 in 25 Iraqis estimated to have been displaced from their homes by the 2003 invasion (Costs of War, 2021). While much of this violence has been wrought by American and Iraqi coalition troops, violence against civilians has also been perpetuated by insurgent groups and paramilitary …
Violence And Development: The Cost Countries Pay For High Rates Of Homicide, Brittany Lowe
Violence And Development: The Cost Countries Pay For High Rates Of Homicide, Brittany Lowe
The Cardinal Edge
Violence is one of the largest and most persistent humanitarian crises across the globe. Understanding violence’s role in economic costs and losses is crucial to informing and guiding decision makers. This study uses international panel data to conduct a log-linear regression with time and country fixed effects. It focuses on studying the causal effects of violent crime on GDP at an aggregate, international level. The results find that the homicide rate has a statistically significant, negative effect on GDP per capita. Acts of violence come not just at a humanitarian cost, but also at the cost of economic progress and …
An Inferentially Robust Look At Two Competing Explanations For The Surge In Unauthorized Migration From Central America, Nick Santos
Dissertations
The last 8 years have seen a dramatic increase in the flow of Central American apprehensions by the U.S. Border Patrol. Explanations for this surge in apprehensions have been split between two leading hypotheses. Most academic scholars, immigrant advocates, progressive media outlets, and human rights organizations identify poverty and violence (the Poverty and Violence Hypothesis) in Central America as the primary triggers responsible. In contrast, while most government officials, conservative think tanks, and the agencies that work in the immigration and border enforcement realm admit poverty and violence may underlie some decisions to migrate, they instead blame lax U.S. immigration …
Cost Countries Pay For High Homicide Rates, Brittany Lowe
Cost Countries Pay For High Homicide Rates, Brittany Lowe
Grawemeyer Colloquium Papers
This research finds the economic cost, in terms of GDP per capita, to countries for increased violence using typical econometric models, and then makes recommendations to decision makers about funding allocation of violence prevention programs based off its findings.
Green Gold: Avocado Price Shocks And Violence In Mexico, Katie Roett
Green Gold: Avocado Price Shocks And Violence In Mexico, Katie Roett
Master's Theses
The role of economic incentives in political armed conflict is well documented, but there is very little evidence on a growing and increasingly globalized form of violence: organized crime. Most existing research focuses on the impact of price shocks on wages and how this affects an individual’s opportunity cost to join an armed group or political movement. However, unlike other violent groups, organized criminal groups do not compete for political power, but profits in illegal markets. In Mexico, these groups have more than doubled in the past two decades, leading to an explosion of violence and record high 35,000 people …
Shutdown Policies And Worldwide Conflict, Nicolas Berman, Mathieu Couttenier, Nathalie Monnet, Rohit Ticku
Shutdown Policies And Worldwide Conflict, Nicolas Berman, Mathieu Couttenier, Nathalie Monnet, Rohit Ticku
ESI Working Papers
We provide real-time evidence on the impact of Covid-19 restrictions policies on conflicts globally. We use daily information on conflict events and government policy responses to limit the spread of coronavirus to study how conflict levels vary following shutdown and lockdown policies. We use the staggered implementation of restriction policies across countries to identify their effect on conflict incidence and intensity. Our results show that imposing a nation-wide shutdown reduces the likelihood of daily conflict by around 9 percentage points. The reduction is driven by a drop in the incidence of battles, protests and violence against civilians. Across actors the …
Prenatal Stress And Birth Weight: Evidence From The Egyptian Revolution, Ronia A. Hawash
Prenatal Stress And Birth Weight: Evidence From The Egyptian Revolution, Ronia A. Hawash
Scholarship and Professional Work - Business
The Egyptian Revolution that ignited in January 2011 resulted in intense violent conflict between protestors and former regime allies. This generated a significant amount of fear and stress among people who lived in proximity to such events. We use this exogenous shock as a natural experiment to test the causal relationship between prenatal stress and birth weight. Governorate-level fatalities resulting from this conflict will be used as an exogenous indicator for prenatal stress. Using fixed effects and difference-in-difference analysis, results show that higher prenatal stress resulting from political conflict during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy has a …
Youths And Peace-Building In Africa: Socio-Political & Economic Exclusion And The Role Youths Play In Peace-Building In Africa, Mungwe Regina Ekoa Mbella, Aquegho Felicitas Yari, Ruud Bedga Sama-Lang
Youths And Peace-Building In Africa: Socio-Political & Economic Exclusion And The Role Youths Play In Peace-Building In Africa, Mungwe Regina Ekoa Mbella, Aquegho Felicitas Yari, Ruud Bedga Sama-Lang
Young African Leaders Journal of Development
Peacebuilding consists of a set of physical, social, and structural initiatives that are often an integral part of post-conflict reconstruction and rehabilitation. It actively works to promote a culture of peace, intercultural dialogue and non-violent conflict transformation. Because of social exclusion, lack of opportunities, slow implementation of public policies that promote reparation and reconciliation, young people become exposed and vulnerable to armed or political recruitment, as a result, they are considered perpetrators of crime instead of peacebuilders. This paper portrays the unique potentials and actual contributions the youths of Africa have demonstrated in building peace in different African communities.
Effects Of Exposure To Violence On Health In Iraq Between 2006-2007, Fatemeh Shahandeh
Effects Of Exposure To Violence On Health In Iraq Between 2006-2007, Fatemeh Shahandeh
Economics ETDs
Iraq has experienced protracted years of war in last two decades. These prolonged years of war in Iraq manifested conflict and violence, degeneration of economic conditions and a serious breakdown of public health services. Deaths, injury and acts of violence such as kidnapping, threat and witnessing heavy casualties are only a few examples of events that Iraqi people experienced during war times. Conflict can result in lasting and profound consequences for the health of the Iraq population. The burden of the communicable, non-communicable disease and mental illnesses in war zone areas is rising rapidly and becoming a major challenge to …
Narcocorridos: Music, Defiance, And Violence In Transnational Contexts, Nallely G Murguia
Narcocorridos: Music, Defiance, And Violence In Transnational Contexts, Nallely G Murguia
Capstone Projects and Master's Theses
This research aims to explain and understand the effects that the music genre known as narcocorrido has on society, politics, and culture in Mexico and the United States. It provides a background on the history of narcocorridos and how it came be known as a symptom of the ongoing violence in Mexico. The Movimiento Alterado is also explored in this research project, as a product of narcocorrido singers who came together to glorify violence. A global aspect plays a big role in researching this topic as globalization and transnationalism reveal the complexity of politics, economics, and culture and its effects …
Climate And Crime: Examining The Relationship Between Extreme Weather Events And Crime Rates In The United States, Erin Tully
CMC Senior Theses
This study attempts to determine whether there is a relationship between extreme weather events and crime rates. Due to the increasing effects of climate change, it is critical we understand the societal effects of extreme weather. Here, a panel data fixed effects regression was used to analyze state and year level data. It was hypothesized that there would be a relationship between crime and extreme events, but the results did not show a statistically significant relationship. Further research with increased geographic and temporal controls is encouraged.
The Dark Past Of Rhode Island In New Light, Yulyana Torres, Marcus Nevius
The Dark Past Of Rhode Island In New Light, Yulyana Torres, Marcus Nevius
Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence
No abstract provided.
The Opportunity Cost Of Violence: An Analysis Of The Relationship Between Foreign Aid And Terrorism In Sub-Saharan Africa, Brendan T. Byrne
The Opportunity Cost Of Violence: An Analysis Of The Relationship Between Foreign Aid And Terrorism In Sub-Saharan Africa, Brendan T. Byrne
Senior Projects Spring 2018
Senior Project submitted to The Division of Social Studies of Bard College.
Welcome To Dignity, Donna M. Hughes
Welcome To Dignity, Donna M. Hughes
Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence
No abstract provided.
Addressing Socio-Economic Challenges To Curb Youth Participation In Terrorism In Africa, Tendaishe Tlou
Addressing Socio-Economic Challenges To Curb Youth Participation In Terrorism In Africa, Tendaishe Tlou
Young African Leaders Journal of Development
The scourge of terrorism has become an international crisis after the 9/11 attacks in America. Terrorism has deeply encroached its claws in Africa on the premise of socio-economic challenges along the clash of civilizations. In countries such as Nigeria, Somalia, Central African Republic, Kenya and the Maghreb region, terrorism is a threat to peace and security, compounded by spiraling youth unemployment rates, the youth bulge, porous borders, poverty, arms proliferation, weak governments, economic problems among other challenges. It is yet to be seen how Africans will unite to deal with this threat to security on the continent given the above …
Discrepancies In Labor Market Outcomes From Migration Evidence From Colombia, Liza Beatriz Pena
Discrepancies In Labor Market Outcomes From Migration Evidence From Colombia, Liza Beatriz Pena
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
As of 2012, approximately 10% of the population in Colombia has been displaced by violence. The main motivation of this paper is to estimate the effect of interregional migration on employment outcomes in the country between 1993 and 2005. Using violence as an instrument for migration, I analyzed the differential effects of migration on specific employment outcomes across gender and skill levels. I find that a one percentage point increase in net migration only increases the unemployment rates of female migrants by 0.656 percentage point. I also find that net migration rates do not affect the employment conditions of low-skilled …
The Spillover Effects Of Conflict On Economic Growth Along The U.S.-Mexico Border, Karen Elizabeth Trevino
The Spillover Effects Of Conflict On Economic Growth Along The U.S.-Mexico Border, Karen Elizabeth Trevino
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The violence and insecurity that Mexico has suffered since former President Calderon's war on drugs has come at a grave economic cost to the cities most affected. Businesses and citizens in counties that shared a border with the United States, however, have the ability to move their capital and businesses in search of regaining profits that had been lost due to the insecurity in their cities. These specific counties are considered to be interdependent borderlands, which signify that these borders are in a border region where one nation is symbiotically linked with the border region of an adjoining country. This …
Violence, Access, And Competition In The Market For Protection, Adam Smith
Violence, Access, And Competition In The Market For Protection, Adam Smith
Economics Department Faculty Publications & Research
We conduct a laboratory experiment to examine the performance of a market for protection. As the central feature of our treatment comparisons, we vary the access that “peasants” have to violence-empowered “elites”. The focus of the experiment is to observe how elites price and operate their protective services to peasants, and to observe the degree to which elites engage in wealth-destroying violence in competition amongst each other for wealth generating peasants. We find that greater access to peasants strikingly increases violence among the elites, but with limited access the elites markedly extract more tribute from the peasants. Our findings are …
Cognitive Systems For Revenge And Forgiveness, Michael E. Mccullough, Robert Kurzban, Benjamin A. Tabak
Cognitive Systems For Revenge And Forgiveness, Michael E. Mccullough, Robert Kurzban, Benjamin A. Tabak
ESI Publications
Minimizing the costs that others impose upon oneself and upon those in whom one has a fitness stake, such as kin and allies, is a key adaptive problem for many organisms. Our ancestors regularly faced such adaptive problems (including homicide, bodily harm, theft, mate poaching, cuckoldry, reputational damage, sexual aggression, and the infliction of these costs on one's offspring, mates, coalition partners, or friends). One solution to this problem is to impose retaliatory costs on an aggressor so that the aggressor and other observers will lower their estimates of the net benefits to be gained from exploiting the retaliator in …
Examining The Role Of Immigration In Crime Decline Across United States Cities, Brianna J. Losoya
Examining The Role Of Immigration In Crime Decline Across United States Cities, Brianna J. Losoya
CMC Senior Theses
Despite previous research in this area, the relationship between immigration and crime in the United States remains ambiguous and surrounded by misconceptions. However, recently, scholars have suggested that, despite the claims of policy-makers and popularized sociological theories, large immigrant concentrations may be linked with lower as opposed to higher crime rates. In the past, research in this area has been imprecise due to it its implementation of cross-sectional analyses for a limited selection of geographic regions. However, through the implementation of time-series procedures and the use of annual data for metropolitan statistical areas during the 2005–2010 periods, the present study …
The Tragedy Of Forced Displacement, Fernando Estrada
The Tragedy Of Forced Displacement, Fernando Estrada
Fernando Estrada
o far in 2009, due to the intensification of armed conflict, approximately 15 thousand Colombians crossed some border areas of Colombia with Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela. The Lower Putumayo (Putumayo), area of application of Plan Colombia, was the region most affected by armed confrontation and thus it presented a greater number of Colombians uprooted. From this region generated the most significant exodus to Ecuador (about 7 million people).
Does Violent Crime Cause Individuals To Join Gangs?, Colin Hottman
Does Violent Crime Cause Individuals To Join Gangs?, Colin Hottman
Economics Honors Projects
This paper examines the hypothesis that violent crime causes gang membership. I construct a theoretical model of the individual’s decision to join a gang based on the protection that gang membership provides from violent crime. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 cohort and a probit specification, I test three different measures of the threat of violent crime: a dummy variable for experiencing gun violence, a dummy variable for being the victim of repeated bullying, and a dummy variable for being the victim of a violent crime. In my regressions, I find support for the hypothesis that …
Spatial Inequality In Chile, Claudio A. Agostini, Philip H. Brown
Spatial Inequality In Chile, Claudio A. Agostini, Philip H. Brown
Working Papers in Economics
Despite success in reducing poverty over the last twenty years, inequality in Chile has remained virtually unchanged, making Chile one of the least equal countries in the world. High levels of inequality have been shown to hamper further reductions in poverty as well as economic growth and local inequality has been shown to affect such outcomes as violence and health. The study of inequality at the local level is thus crucial for understanding the economic well-being of a country. Local measures of inequality have been difficult to obtain, but recent theoretical advances have enabled the combination of survey and census …
How Much Does Violence Tax Trade?, S. Brock Blomberg, Gregory Hess
How Much Does Violence Tax Trade?, S. Brock Blomberg, Gregory Hess
CMC Faculty Publications and Research
We investigate the empirical effect of violence, as compared to other trade impediments, on trade flows. Our analysis is based on a panel data set with annual observations on 177 countries from 1968 to 1999, which brings together information from the Rose data set, the iterate data set for terrorist events, and data sets of external and internal conflict. We explore these data with traditional and theoretical gravity models. We calculate that, for a given country year, the presence of terrorism together with internal and external conflict is equivalent to as much as a 30% tariff on trade. This is …
Thinking About Thinking In An Era Of Globalization: Implications For International Security, Ibpp Editor
Thinking About Thinking In An Era Of Globalization: Implications For International Security, Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This article identifies and critiques hypotheses concerning the impact of globalization on thinking and suggests consequences of thinking (reason, logic) as an epistemological tool of international security.
Trafficking For Sex Exploitation: The Case Of The Russian Federation, Donna M. Hughes Dr.
Trafficking For Sex Exploitation: The Case Of The Russian Federation, Donna M. Hughes Dr.
Donna M. Hughes
No abstract provided.
Democracy And Violence: A Review Of "The Democratic Experience And Political Violence", Ibpp Editor
Democracy And Violence: A Review Of "The Democratic Experience And Political Violence", Ibpp Editor
International Bulletin of Political Psychology
This article is a book review of The Democratic Experience and Political Violence. The book was co-edited by David Rapoport, Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of California, Los Angeles and Leonard Weinberg, Foundation Professor of Political Science at the University of Nevada, Reno.