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Articles 1 - 29 of 29
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Fairness Doesn't Have To Be Egalitarian: Evidence From Bargaining Games, Kevin Wong
Fairness Doesn't Have To Be Egalitarian: Evidence From Bargaining Games, Kevin Wong
Theses and Dissertations
I develop a theoretical model and provide experimental evidence that social norms of fairness play a critical role in determining equilibrium outcomes in bargaining games.
Air Cargo: Carriers, Cost, And Competition, Zoe Laulederkind
Air Cargo: Carriers, Cost, And Competition, Zoe Laulederkind
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation examines the cost structure of U.S. air carriers participating in the freight transport sector. From 1991 to 2021, events such as the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the global financial crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic have coincided with various events directly impacting the air freight transport industry. During this 30-year period, air transport has developed and implemented global tracking systems, engaged in labor negotiations, and weathered supply-chain shocks all of which warrant comprehensive evaluation of the U.S. air freight transport industry from the cost perspective. Chapter 1 of this thesis explores existence of natural monopoly and economies of scope among …
Policy Uncertainty, Tariff Rate, Monetary Policy And Income Inequality: An Asymmetric Analysis, Mehrnoosh Hasanzade
Policy Uncertainty, Tariff Rate, Monetary Policy And Income Inequality: An Asymmetric Analysis, Mehrnoosh Hasanzade
Theses and Dissertations
This study offers a contribution to the income inequality literature within the traditional Kuznets model and explores the relationship between income inequality and a set of macroeconomic variables such as policy uncertainty, tariff rate, and monetary policy. By implementing a Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, I aim to identify the possible nonlinear effects of policy uncertainty, tariff rate -as a measure of trade openness-, and monetary policy on income inequality in United States and its 50 states and District of Columbia. The advantage of choosing this methodology is that it helps researchers to explain both long run relationships and …
Essay In Bayesian Econometrics, Loren P. Wagner
Essay In Bayesian Econometrics, Loren P. Wagner
Theses and Dissertations
Bayesian Econometrics is not as popular as the more common frequentists methods. However, there are problems that Bayesian methods can handle that are not amenable to frequentists methods. The essays to follow show two such applications where Bayesian methods offer solutions to problems posed in widely different areas of economics. In the first essay, the predictive posterior distribution is used to calculate a number of economic quantities that often require extensive work arounds using frequentist methods. In the second essay, it is shown that Bayesian estimation techniques can handle situations wherein an independent variable exhibits no variability, a situation that …
The Impact Of Covid-19 On Employment Characteristics, Eliana Shatkin
The Impact Of Covid-19 On Employment Characteristics, Eliana Shatkin
Theses and Dissertations
The following study examines ways in which COVID-19 has disrupted the United States labor market. My findings present disproportionately negative effects of COVID-19 on employment, labor force participation, worker absence, and weekly working hours for the female population in my sample, as well as veterans, disabled persons, and racial minorities.
The Effects Of Trauma And Statelessness On Refugee Employment Outcomes, Seth Hershberger
The Effects Of Trauma And Statelessness On Refugee Employment Outcomes, Seth Hershberger
Theses and Dissertations
An empirical study, this paper examines the relationship of pre-resettlement refugee characteristics on their respective economic outcomes post-resettlement. In particular, it places special focus on the correlation that a refugee’s level of trauma and duration of statelessness, or time spent in a temporary country of asylum, have with that refugee’s real wages, probability of being employed at 180 days post-resettlement, and duration of initial unemployment in the country of final resettlement. Through the development of three sets of models, this paper finds a quadratic relationship between the length of a refugee’s statelessness and real wages post-resettlement, where increases in duration …
U.S. Financial Literacy: Does Urban-Rural Residency Matter?, Mckenzie Leanne Carvalho
U.S. Financial Literacy: Does Urban-Rural Residency Matter?, Mckenzie Leanne Carvalho
Theses and Dissertations
Financial illiteracy broadly affects people’s financial and economic well-being. The purpose of this thesis is to identify how the magnitudes of financial literacy determinants change under different residency settings. A county-level calculation of financial literacy is created, and logit and negative binomial regressions are employed to compare the relationship between demographic variables and financial literacy in metro/non-metro and urban/rural counties. Data on individual’s financial knowledge and personal characteristics is obtained from the FINRA National Financial Capability Study. Urban and rural residency is determined using USDA ERS Rural-Urban Continuum Codes and the Index of Relative Rurality. These results provide an improved …
How Federal Pollution Discharge Permits Affect U.S. Water Quality: A Study On Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations, Cloe C. Mueller
How Federal Pollution Discharge Permits Affect U.S. Water Quality: A Study On Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations, Cloe C. Mueller
Theses and Dissertations
This paper uses difference-in-difference regression models to examine how state-level pollution discharge permits on concentrated animal feeding operations affect U.S. water quality. I ultimately deem the permitting to be ineffective at improving water quality, calling attention to the need to re-evaluate the ``socially optimal level of pollution."
Universal Basic Income And The Alaska Permanent Fund: Impact On Labor Outcomes And Skill Composition, Michele Cafasso
Universal Basic Income And The Alaska Permanent Fund: Impact On Labor Outcomes And Skill Composition, Michele Cafasso
Theses and Dissertations
To analyze the effects of universal basic income on labor supply and human capital, I estimate the effects of Alaska’s Permanent Fund on employment, hours worked, and skills using data from the Current Population Survey and O*NET. My method combines synthetic control and difference-in-differences regressions.
Essays On Measuring Credit And Property Prices Gaps, Nam Nguyen Tam Hoai
Essays On Measuring Credit And Property Prices Gaps, Nam Nguyen Tam Hoai
Theses and Dissertations
My dissertation studies credit expansion and its effect on house prices and financial stability. In the first chapter, I examine the idea that house prices and credit to households are jointly determined, affecting each other in the short and long run. I decompose the movements of the two variables of interest into permanent long-run and transitory short-run components using an unobserved components vector autoregressive model. The dynamic model shows findings to support the hypothesis that a short-run positive shock to house prices is associated with an increase in household credit above its long-run trend. Furthermore, by utilizing additional information generated …
The Impacts Of Ownership And Covid-19 On Firm Performance-Three Essays, Jian Xu
The Impacts Of Ownership And Covid-19 On Firm Performance-Three Essays, Jian Xu
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation consists of three essays on finance of ownership and COVID-19. In the first essay, we investigate the effect of residual state ownership, foreign ownership, and the interaction between the two on firms' financing patterns. we find that neither firms with residual state ownership only nor firms with foreign ownership only are positively related with external finance. In comparison, firms with both state and foreign ownerships are associated with higher external finance. The increased external finance for firms with both state and foreign ownerships mainly comes from private banks and new equity. Moreover, we explore the channels through which …
Inflation Variations In Egypt: An Asymmetrical Analysis Of Pass-Through Effects, Yassmina Rashad Helmi Abouelhassan
Inflation Variations In Egypt: An Asymmetrical Analysis Of Pass-Through Effects, Yassmina Rashad Helmi Abouelhassan
Theses and Dissertations
Inflation variations has become an issue that impedes efficient resource allocation and inclusive growth in Egypt. High inflationary pressures negatively affect standards of living, poverty alleviation and finally markets’ efficiency. For the past decade, Research on the causes of inflation in emerging markets has been closely linked to exchange rates pass-through (ERPT). This is due to its perceived impacts on import prices and terms of trade shocks, which lead to a pass-through effect to domestic inflation. This research aims to contribute to the literature by investigating ERPT in Egypt with a nonlinear Autoregressive distributed lag model (NARDL). Recent research on …
Education-Occupation Mismatch Among University Graduates In Egypt: Determinants And Consequences, Nouran Elkhouly
Education-Occupation Mismatch Among University Graduates In Egypt: Determinants And Consequences, Nouran Elkhouly
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis reviews the literature on the education-occupation mismatch. The thesis focuses on Egyptian university graduates and postgraduates in 2018. It studies the determinants of the education-occupation mismatch, and its effect on earnings and workers’ job satisfaction using the 2018 wave of the Egyptian Labor Market Survey (ELMPS). Ordinary least squares (OLS) and probit models were used to investigate the determinants of the education-occupation mismatch, and an OLS and a two-stage least square (2SLS) regressions were estimated with the use of the father’s education and father’s employment status as instrumental variables to determine the effect of the mismatch on labors’ …
Labor Transitions Between Formal And Informal Employment In Egypt, Alaa Mahmoud Al-Barrawi
Labor Transitions Between Formal And Informal Employment In Egypt, Alaa Mahmoud Al-Barrawi
Theses and Dissertations
Informal employment is the hallmark of developing economies. Egypt is no exception to this trend. Those who are informally employed are exceptionally vulnerable as they lack social protection. Moreover, large informal sectors are symptomatic of underdevelopment and have negative repercussions on the economy. Few studies examine the determinants of labor market transitions in Egypt with a focus on transitions between formal and informal labor market states. This study focuses on determinants of labor market transitions in Egypt, relying on the Egyptian Labor Market Panel Surveys of 2012 and 2018. It develops four multinomial logistic regression models to achieve this goal. …
Essays On Housing Market, Akash De
Essays On Housing Market, Akash De
Theses and Dissertations
My dissertation studies different aspects and phenomena of the housing market in the United States. In the first chapter, I explore the long-run relationship between housing starts and building permits along with its short-run deviations. This paper fits a pre-specified cointegration model to verify the long-run co-movement property of building permits and housing starts in the U.S., and its census regions to improve the predictability of housing starts at different forecast horizons. The out-of-sample forecasting performance of housing starts is derived from the feature of the short-run vector error correction model that suggests that only housing starts adjusts to correct …
International Financial Assistance And Inequality In Emerging Markets: Colombia, Egypt And Turkey, Sara Farag
International Financial Assistance And Inequality In Emerging Markets: Colombia, Egypt And Turkey, Sara Farag
Theses and Dissertations
This research study investigates the effects of the three main pillars of structural adjustment policies imbedded in IFI funding facilities on income inequality in three specific cases; Colombia, Egypt and Turkey to uncover if income inequality present in those emerging markets is attributed to; the policy reforms conditionality or to pre-existent country features. The three main pillars of policy conditions discussed in this thesis are 1. Government Expenditure Reforms, 2. External Sector Reforms, and 3. Financial Sector Reforms. My hypothesis is that, although pre-existent country features may have had an impact on the levels of inequality a populace faces, the …
Three Essays In Behavioral Economics, Foteini Tzachrista
Three Essays In Behavioral Economics, Foteini Tzachrista
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation includes three essays on behavioral economics with applications in health, strategic thinking, and labor.In the first essay titled ``The Effect of Nudging on the Utilization of Counseling Services and the Implications on College Student Involvement'', I examine the effect of nudging on the utilization of mental health services and the impact on college student involvement. To improve the utilization of mental health services for college students I designed and implemented an intervention promoting a pro-counseling social norm on campus. More specifically I sent campus-wide emails to inform students of the mental health services offered on campus. Randomly selected …
The Shirt Of Nessus: International Debt As A Tool Of Hegemonic Control, Omar Hamed Ghannam
The Shirt Of Nessus: International Debt As A Tool Of Hegemonic Control, Omar Hamed Ghannam
Theses and Dissertations
International debt has been a fixture of the global economy and state financing for centuries. The economic logic of accruing international debt and its management is rarely questioned in the literature, even as sovereign debt crises abound. These crises offer a point of examination, re-assessment, and negotiations concerning allocating the burdens. This paper aims to study these debt crises to interrogate the issue of international debt, the depoliticized economic mantras that govern it, their validity, sincerity, and the political and social implications on the indebted polity. This is done by looking at the origins of debt crises, and examining how …
An Exploratory Analysis Of Time Series Econometric Data For Retention Forecasting Using Deep Learning, John C. O'Donnell
An Exploratory Analysis Of Time Series Econometric Data For Retention Forecasting Using Deep Learning, John C. O'Donnell
Theses and Dissertations
Officer retention in the Air Force has been researched many times in an attempt to better predict the personnel needs of the Air Force for the future. There has been previous work done in regards to specific AFSCs and how their retention compares to specific yet similar private sector jobs. This study considers different econometric time series statistics as a feature space and an average Air Force officer separation rate as the response variable for the multivariate time series analysis deep learning techniques. The econometric indicators used in this study are New Business Formations, New Durable Good Orders, and the …
Cryptocurrencies Bandwagon…Fad Wave Or Investment Asset? Firm Level Analysis Of Panel Data In Egypt, Yasmine Galal
Cryptocurrencies Bandwagon…Fad Wave Or Investment Asset? Firm Level Analysis Of Panel Data In Egypt, Yasmine Galal
Theses and Dissertations
The crypto market is growing rapidly and gaining momentum globally. The current study is tackling the impact of the crypto exchanges on the stock market in Egypt. The author consolidated firm level data from DataStream and Cryptocurrency data from CoinDesk to conduct this study over the period 2014-2020. The methodology is based on Fixed Effect and IV-GMM models to study the differential impact across sectors and firm attributes. Our main findings can be highlighted as follows: (a) cryptocurrencies are substitutes to stocks. (b)Two periods are highlighted in the analysis: 2016 post currency devaluation and COVID-19 pandemic, where the adoption was …
Stuck In The Middle: An Analysis Of Economic Growth And The Technological Intensity Of Exports, Aya Abdel Halim
Stuck In The Middle: An Analysis Of Economic Growth And The Technological Intensity Of Exports, Aya Abdel Halim
Theses and Dissertations
Driven by the persistence of some economies’ lower-middle-income status, also known as the middle-income trap, this research aims to identify the relationship between exports and their growth rates. A Cobb-Douglass model augmented by the different types of exports is employed, and the relationship is estimated for a panel of 77 lower-middle-income economies using multiple two-step system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model. This research’s contribution to the literature is two-fold: First, it analyzes exports from both an aggregated level (i.e., total exports) as well as at a disaggregated level by the technological intensity of exports. To add, the panel of …
Financial Inclusion And Monetary Policy - Investigating The Relationship Between Financial Inclusion And Monetary Policy: The Case Of Egypt, Salma Maher
Theses and Dissertations
In the past decade, financial inclusion has become an issue of increasing importance to developing nations. This is due to its perceived effects on poverty alleviation, sustainable growth and enhancing monetary policy effectiveness. Unfortunately, there is little empirical research on the effects of financial inclusion. The thesis hopes to contribute to the literature by inspecting the relationship between financial utilization indices and monetary policy in Egypt. The thesis utilizes quarterly data on outstanding deposits and loans from 2004 to 2020 as well as a VAR model – supplemented with an ARDL model – to test the aforementioned relationship. The thesis …
The Effect Of Covid-19 On The Performance Of Listed Firms: Do The Governments’ Policies And Vaccination Rates Play A Role? Evidence From Countries In The Middle East And North Africa, Mofida El Bassioni
Theses and Dissertations
This study uses a quantitative approach to estimate the empirical results of COVID-19, stringency index, and vaccination rates on the stock returns of Bahrain, Egypt, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and UAE. Additionally, the researcher included firm-specific variables such as liquidity and leverage, total capital, employees, and date of incorporation. Total capital and employees were used as proxies for company size and for whether the firm is capital intensive or not, while date of incorporation was used as a proxy for company age. Additionally, the researcher created interaction strings between COVID-19 cases and stringency index, COVID- 19 cases and …
Macroeconomic Shocks And Credit Risk Stress Testing: Evidence From The Egyptian Banking Sector, Noha Elgaliy
Macroeconomic Shocks And Credit Risk Stress Testing: Evidence From The Egyptian Banking Sector, Noha Elgaliy
Theses and Dissertations
Stress tests can satisfy a range of policy objectives and ensure banks are adequately resilient to common economic shocks or specific financial risks. Though the growing body of literature on stress testing, the existing studies have usually focused on developed countries who have relatively stable macroeconomic indicator when compared developing countries. Therefore, this thesis aims to present a macroeconomic credit risk model that explicitly links a set of selected macroeconomic factors including gross domestic product, inflation, lending interest rates and exchange rate to banking non-preforming loans using evidence from the Egyptian banking sector over the time period from 2011 to …
Arbitration Outcomes And Employer Size In The Context Of The American Arbitration Association 2010-2020, James H. Call
Arbitration Outcomes And Employer Size In The Context Of The American Arbitration Association 2010-2020, James H. Call
Theses and Dissertations
This study examines the ``repeat player" effect in employment arbitration for counsel appearing repeatedly in the same arbitration forum, and the impact of employer size on arbitration outcomes, and finds that the repeat player effect has a notable impact only on arbitrations involving the largest employers.
Rental Discrimination On The Basis Of Immigration Status, Diego S. Osorio
Rental Discrimination On The Basis Of Immigration Status, Diego S. Osorio
Theses and Dissertations
We employ a field experiment to assess the degree of housing discrimination against Hispanic immigrants versus someone with Hispanic heritage. The results indicate that individuals who indicate that they are immigrants in their rental applications are less likely to receive a response.
The Effects Of Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility On Financial Returns, Kevin Acevedo
The Effects Of Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility On Financial Returns, Kevin Acevedo
Theses and Dissertations
A major issue concerning companies is global warming and the impact that firms have on the environment. Companies are taking steps towards sustainability, but it is unclear if sustainable business practices are beneficial to companies’ financial performance. This paper examines the effect of environmental corporate social responsibility (CSR) of Fortune 250 companies on financial performance. The analysis reveals significant effects on financial performance, but they are inconsistent and hard to interpret.
Purpose Built Communities: A Concentrated Urban Poverty Intervention, Shannon R. Bergman
Purpose Built Communities: A Concentrated Urban Poverty Intervention, Shannon R. Bergman
Theses and Dissertations
This collective case study research evaluated how the concentrated urban poverty revitalization model administered by Purpose Built Communities (PBC) works to mitigate or eliminate intergenerational poverty and create thriving neighborhoods. There are 5 elements to the PBC revitalization model: (a) mixed-income housing, (b) a cradle-to-college educational accountability system, (c) focus on community health, (d) a tightly defined geographic neighborhood, and (e) the assignment of a Community Quarterback (CQ). This research demonstrated iterative improvements in the socioeconomic well-being of adults and children from the inception of the revitalized community. This was evaluated by adult employment rates, childhood educational achievement, and health …
Evaluating Long-Range Transportation Plans For Mainstreaming Of Climate Adaptation Among Virginia Mpos, Sebastian L. Shetty
Evaluating Long-Range Transportation Plans For Mainstreaming Of Climate Adaptation Among Virginia Mpos, Sebastian L. Shetty
Theses and Dissertations
Despite the strides made towards addressing climate change through greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction strategies, it has become increasingly apparent that attempting to mitigate the crisis in such a manner alone is insufficient. This thesis joins a growing body of research on how our societies must adapt to a changing climate, contributing more evidence on common barriers to adaptation and how they might be overcome. Through an attempt to evaluate the progress made towards mainstreaming, or integrating, climate change concerns into five Virginia MPOs’ long-range transportation plans (LRTPs), this study provides support for prior hypotheses around the potential for MPOs …