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Articles 1 - 30 of 88
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Performance Management And Contracting Out To Support Public Health Objectives : Evidence From U.S. Local Health Departments, Philip Gigliotti
Performance Management And Contracting Out To Support Public Health Objectives : Evidence From U.S. Local Health Departments, Philip Gigliotti
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Contracting out and performance management have been universally adopted in public sector organizations, based on theoretical arguments that they would improve the efficiency and quality of public services. However, this broad adoption was carried out despite minimal empirical evidence that these interventions improve public service outcomes in practice. Traditionally, few studies have attempted to quantitatively link performance management and contracting out interventions to improvements in organizational performance and public service quality. A growing literature has investigated this relationship with inconclusive results, suggesting these interventions do not have a clear ability to improve organizational performance. This dissertation examines these relationships in …
Applications Of Search And Matching To International Trade And Unemployment Insurance, Kai You
Applications Of Search And Matching To International Trade And Unemployment Insurance, Kai You
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation consists of three chapters.
Obstacles To Domestic Retail Investing : Evidence From Mexico, Kenneth Bulko
Obstacles To Domestic Retail Investing : Evidence From Mexico, Kenneth Bulko
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Despite efforts to improve investment behavior, equity participation worldwide remains low. Researchers have attempted to explain the reluctance to purchase risky assets by seeking to identify the barriers investors face during the investment process. However, past empirical results relied on data often collected as part of a larger investigation and not explicitly centered on barriers to investing. We seek to deepen the understanding of investor behavior with qualitative and qualitative research designed to specifically identify the obstacles typically faced by potential investors, with a particular focus on Mexico.
Three Essays In Health Economics, Mir Nahid Mahmud
Three Essays In Health Economics, Mir Nahid Mahmud
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation comprises three empirical essays. The first essay estimates the long-term health and socioeconomic impact of early life nutritional deficit using the Bangladesh Famine from 1974-1975 as a natural experiment. The second essay investigates if pubic health insurance coverage of “ immigrant children¬” changed as a result of the lift of the “five-year-ban” in the Children Health Insurance Reauthorization Act-2009. The final chapter estimates the relationship between child health conditions and maternal employment using conventional econometric models. To expand the analysis and contribute to the literature, I estimate the relationship by implementing a Multiple Indicator Multiple Causes Model (MIMIC).
Three Essays In Health Economics, Savita Ramaprasad
Three Essays In Health Economics, Savita Ramaprasad
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation includes three essays in applied econometrics. Each essay involves using econometric and statistical techniques to draw inferences from observational data on the effect of policies and quasi-experiments on various outcomes of social importance.
Three Essays In Health Economics, Sai Sindhura Gundavarapu
Three Essays In Health Economics, Sai Sindhura Gundavarapu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This thesis explores factors that influence various healthcare professions, and their practice behaviors. The first chapter focuses on the impacts of occupational regulation of optometrists. The second and third chapters examine the role of education and practice environment on the prescribing behavior of specialist physicians.
Essays On Education And Health Disparities, Min Jang
Essays On Education And Health Disparities, Min Jang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This thesis studies determinants of health and socioeconomic disparities in the US. Specifically, it focuses on the following factors: (1) public health insurance, (2) medical care, and (3) adolescent health. The first and second essays test whether access to public health insurance may be an effective tool in remedying disparities in medical access and health outcomes. The third essay examines the gap in educational attainment between students with disabilities and those without, and the evolution of the gap over time.The first essay examines the effect of Medicare Part D, a voluntary prescription drug program, on education-related disparities in mortality. It …
Three Essays In Health Economics, Jun Soo Lee
Three Essays In Health Economics, Jun Soo Lee
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
My dissertation includes three main studies: the first study examines the seasonality of the birth weight and the underlying mechanisms for the seasonality; the second study documents the impact of weather conditions on the gestation period by using the duration analysis and on the birth weight by using the decomposition method and quantile regression; the third study analyzes the effects of density of immigrant population around place of residence on the residents’ health outcomes.In the first study, we evaluate a range of plausible mechanisms that may underlie the seasonality of the birth weight by using U.S. birth certificate records from …
Three Essays On Monetary Policy And Exchange Rates, Liang Fu
Three Essays On Monetary Policy And Exchange Rates, Liang Fu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Chapter 1 is the product of joint work with Chun-Yu Ho. China’s monetary policy framework has evolved considerably in the past two decades, increasingly moving from using quantity-based instruments and targets to using price-based instruments and targets. This paper assesses the effectiveness of monetary policy in China by examining the influence of monetary policy on market interest rates using an event-study approach. We find that the effectiveness of price-based instruments in impacting market interest rates increases over time, and that price-based instruments are as effective as quantity instruments during the period since the completion of interest rates liberalization. Furthermore, central …
Essays On Labor Economics And Consumer Behavior :, Nayoung Kim
Essays On Labor Economics And Consumer Behavior :, Nayoung Kim
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The first two chapters in this dissertation discuss the effect of the minimum wage on the intensive margin. While the effect of the minimum wage on the extensive margin of employment has been long debated, the literature about its effects on the intensive margin remains sparse. Given the fact that more than one-third of minimum wage workers in the U.S. are part-time employees, the studies on the intensive margin of the minimum wage are as important as the one about extensive margin. The first chapter analyzes the effects of the minimum wage on the dispersion of work hours among low-educated …
Essays On Technology And The Labor Market With Search Models, Soonhong Min
Essays On Technology And The Labor Market With Search Models, Soonhong Min
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation focuses on the impact of technological changes on workers based onthe task-based model. In the first chapter, I first investigate the impacts of two types of technologies on employment and job choices in the directed search model. The relationship between technology and labor with respect to complementarity and substitutability defines technology as labor-augmenting and labor-saving. Progress of labor-augmenting technology mainly works in jobs hiring highly-skilled workers in positive ways while labor-saving technological development affects jobs with middle-skilled workers in destructive ways during the last two decades in KLIPS data. The consequence of technological advances intensifies the advantage of …
Three Essays On Creative Industries, Yue Sheng
Three Essays On Creative Industries, Yue Sheng
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation focuses on agglomeration economies, productivity, competition, and price variation in creative industries (CIs). Chapter 1 examines agglomeration effects on the productivity of Chinese firms in the CIs between 2012 and 2014. We estimate productivity with a production function approach, and test whether three measures of agglomeration-namely, specialization, diversity, and density-affect the productivity of firms in creative industries. According to our results, that the density elasticity of productivity is 0.31, which suggests that agglomeration economies matter for creative industries. Urbanization economies resulting from diversity in service industries are the main source of agglomeration economies, but there is no specialization …
Essays On Firm Productivity And Innovation, Won Sung
Essays On Firm Productivity And Innovation, Won Sung
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Firms’ productivity gain and technological innovation have been vital to ensure a country’s long-term economic growth and competitive advantage. This dissertation focuses mainly on drivers and barriers nurturing to firms’ productivity gains and innovative activities to suggest policy implications. The first essay examines the impacts of inventor mobility in value creation in mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We employ a two-sided matching model for acquirers and targets that allows them to choose whom to merge with. Applying this model, we examine how inventor mobility affects value creation in M&As in the manufacturing sector. Inventors exchanged between inventing firms have been interpreted …
Economic Policy And Equality : Neoliberalism And Gender Equity In Latin America Since The 1970s, Donnett Annmarie Lee
Economic Policy And Equality : Neoliberalism And Gender Equity In Latin America Since The 1970s, Donnett Annmarie Lee
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Neoliberalism has been a persistent concern for policymakers, scholars, and the general public in Latin America due to its negative effects on women. This paper examines the relationship between neoliberal economic policies and gender equality from the 1970s to 2003 in the region. I use a mixed-methods approach to test the two major competing theories from the literature that discuss women’s status under neoliberal reform. I find that neoliberal economic policies did not improve the status of women but reduced gender disparity. Neoliberalism led to the worsening of men’s status, which caused the status of women to seem better. Overall, …
Essays On Medicare Part D Market : Sources Of Welfare Effects And Merger And Acquisition Effects, Yichuan Wang
Essays On Medicare Part D Market : Sources Of Welfare Effects And Merger And Acquisition Effects, Yichuan Wang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation contains three essays on the Medicare Part D market in the United States. Three chapters account the benefit of Medicare Part D, analyze how merger and acquisition affect insurance plan’s characteristics and how merger and acquisition affect senior’s health outcomes.The first chapter studies the benefits of Medicare Part D. The Medicare prescription drug program (Part D) launched in 2006. Since then, the stand-alone prescription drug plans (PDPs) available to consumers and their plan characteristics have been evolving. This paper examines how those evolutions affect consumer surplus of Medicare beneficiaries. We estimate a structural demand model of stand-alone PDPs …
Substance Abuse Policies, Prescribing Behaviors, And Health Outcomes, Huy Do Dang
Substance Abuse Policies, Prescribing Behaviors, And Health Outcomes, Huy Do Dang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Opium and less potent substances such as tobacco and marijuana were found thousands of years ago and used not only to relieve pain and stress but also to entertain human minds. However, there are also side effects of using these, especially to the extent of abusing them. The side effects in this issue are unavoidable so that eliminate them through public health policies is needed. There are several public policies governing the impact of opioids and marijuana in recent years, mainly the Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMP) and the Legalization of Marijuana. These policies have been in place for about …
Trajectories Of Human Capital Accumulation After Women's Transition To Motherhood In The Us : Determinants And Consequences, Weihui Zhang
Trajectories Of Human Capital Accumulation After Women's Transition To Motherhood In The Us : Determinants And Consequences, Weihui Zhang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The life sequence and human capital accumulation of women have changed in the US. This dissertation intends to propose three interrelated studies that investigate the possible trajectories of human capital accumulation after women’s transition to motherhood, the determinants of these trajectories, and the implications for women and their children’s wellbeing. Driven by the life course perspective, the cumulative advantage and disadvantage theory, and Bourdieu’s cultural framework, this dissertation uses mothers’ vocational training experiences to identify distinct trajectories over time in the first study. This dissertation then investigates how mothers’ cumulative training experiences affect children’s well-being in the second study. Finally, …
Three Essays On Health Economics, Jihye Kim
Three Essays On Health Economics, Jihye Kim
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This thesis focuses on various factors affecting health of American adults and the elderly based on the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). In chapter 1, I examine the role of educational and racial differences in life expectancy (LE) and health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE) for Americans at ages 45-64 using Health and Retirement Study (HRS) during 2000-2016. I compute severity-weighted prevalence of diseases with comorbidity adjustments based on the Global Burden of Disease (2015), and map onto the information on 17 doctor-diagnosed diseases and four self-rated disabling health conditions from HRS. This approach allows us to evaluate the importance of major …
Three Essays On Model Selection, Fangning Li
Three Essays On Model Selection, Fangning Li
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In empirical research, we often need to address the issue of what model to use given a collection of candidate models. Conventionally, we use model selection to choose one best model from the collection of candidate models based on some model selection criteria. Model averaging is a generalization of model selection in the sense that it assigns weights to candidate models and uses a weighted average to construct an aggregated model. Usually model averaging provides better performance than model selection which chooses a single candidate model based on AIC or BIC.
Essays On The Effects Of Public Health Insurance Policies On Health Care Utilization, Expenditure, And Well-Being, Tu Thi Cam Nguyen
Essays On The Effects Of Public Health Insurance Policies On Health Care Utilization, Expenditure, And Well-Being, Tu Thi Cam Nguyen
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation consists of essays on the causal impact of public health insurance policies in the United States. Three chapters investigate how Medicare program, Medicare Prescription coverage program, and the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion impact on health-related outcomes, health care expenditure, and food wellbeing.
The Role Of Earnings, Pharmaceutical Innovation, And Unemployment On Ssdi : Analysis Using Merged Sipp/Administrative Data, Angela Vanderwerken
The Role Of Earnings, Pharmaceutical Innovation, And Unemployment On Ssdi : Analysis Using Merged Sipp/Administrative Data, Angela Vanderwerken
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Since the inception of the Social Security Administration's Disability Insurance (SSDI) program in 1956, policy makers have grappled with the moral hazard problem present in a program offering payments to workers who leave the labor force due to disability. Disincentives exist for beneficiaries to return to work and earn more than the program-allowable level of income. Some insured workers may overestimate the severity of their impairment and underestimate their ability to work in order to qualify for and retain SSDI payments and the accompanying Medicare insurance benefits. While other measures of health outcomes have experienced noticeable improvement due to technological …
Forecasting State Tax Revenues, Recessions And Their Uncertainties Using Mixed-Frequency Data, Model Averaging, Bootstrap, Roc Analysis And Machine Learning, Cheng Yang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In recent years models with mixed frequency have been extensively used to forecast low-frequency variables such as GDP and inflation, but we are one of the first to use this framework in state government revenue forecasting. New York State had a record of passing late budgets before. In order to facilitate budget negotiations, which often center on forecasts, we develop a Mixed-Data Sampling (MIDAS) model for revenue forecasting using jagged edge data sets in the first chapter. We forecast yearly tax revenues using monthly data on tax receipts and also two dynamic factors extracted from a set of selected monthly …
Essays On Disability, Public Assistance Programs And Employment, Xiaoqi Zhu
Essays On Disability, Public Assistance Programs And Employment, Xiaoqi Zhu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation explores the relationship between disability, public assistance programs and employment. The first chapter investigates the impact of chronic pain on the labor market participation decisions of people nearing retirement age. The results from estimating a random effect discrete-time hazard model suggest that chronic pain greatly enlarges the hazard of exiting labor market even after controlling for many diseases that contribute to pain, and this effect increases with the severity of pain level. I further estimate a discrete-time competing risks model to explore the association between chronic pain and labor market exits due to different reasons. The finding indicates …
Value-Based Reimbursements In The Us Health Care Market : Direct And Spillover Effects Of Medicare Readmissions Program, Soumyadeb Chatterjee
Value-Based Reimbursements In The Us Health Care Market : Direct And Spillover Effects Of Medicare Readmissions Program, Soumyadeb Chatterjee
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In this thesis, I take up the question of how the Medicare penalties introduced by the Hospital Readmissions Reduction program (HRRP) impacted the US health care system. The demand side of US health care system is highly fragmented where hospitals and other providers have to serve very different kinds of patients from different payers. Since the majority of a hospital's income is drawn from Medicare, a sharp reduction in its reimbursements is bound to have an effect on its health care delivery to all patients.
Essays On The Stem Doctoral Labor Market, Holden Alexander Diethorn
Essays On The Stem Doctoral Labor Market, Holden Alexander Diethorn
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
STEM doctorates are a key input to both academic and industry R&D and are thus fundamental to the rate of innovation and long-term economic growth of the global economy. This thesis focuses on how immigration policy and postdoctoral training impact the career outcomes of STEM doctorates and consists of three essays appearing as chapters.
Three Essays On International Economics, Rongzi Shan
Three Essays On International Economics, Rongzi Shan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The first chapter examines the quantitative performance between two models of sovereign default, which we define as a government (sovereign) default on government bonds. The two models are the strategic default model and a model designed for rich countries in which default is due to inability to repay. We first examine the cyclicality of fiscal policy for sixteen emerging countries which have experienced default using a two-step GMM estimator, and found that the fiscal policy in these countries is counter cyclical. We choose Argentina as a reference economy, and compare the implications of both models for matching the data on …
Health Shocks, Labor Market Activities, And End-Of-Life Medical Expenses, Yuan Fang
Health Shocks, Labor Market Activities, And End-Of-Life Medical Expenses, Yuan Fang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Health capital depletes with each additional health shock. The presence of health insurance may reduce out-of-pocket costs, and hence increase the demand for care following a shock. Also, death is the ultimate health outcome for an individual that follows periods of health morbidities and health shocks. Towards the end individual lives, the demand for and cost of health care increases tremendously, but these costs vary significantly across socio-demographic groups.
Essays On Malpractice Reform, Physician Human Capital, And Physicians' Location Choices, Siyang Li
Essays On Malpractice Reform, Physician Human Capital, And Physicians' Location Choices, Siyang Li
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In response to the sharp increases in the malpractice insurance premiums in the 1970’s, almost all states in the US have passed tort reforms since then. Previous studies found that tort reforms can reduce malpractice pressure faced by physicians in terms of the size of malpractice rewards and the frequency of malpractice lawsuits. However, there is mixed evidence that state malpractice reforms affect the aggregate supply of physicians in a state. Constrained by the availability of state-level counts of physicians utilized in difference-in-difference framework, most studies were not able to further test for the existence of heterogeneous effects across physicians.
Empirical Essays On Science And New Technology Adoption, Huifeng Yu
Empirical Essays On Science And New Technology Adoption, Huifeng Yu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The first chapter studies how the quantity and quality of research output varies over the career using 5.6 million biomedical science articles published over three decades. We show that controlling for selective attrition reconciles conflicts in a longstanding, interdisciplinary literature. While research quality declines monotonically over the career, this decline is easily overlooked because the highest “ability” authors have the longest publishing careers. Our results have implications for broader questions of human capital accumulation over the career and also for federal research policies that shift funding from late- to early-career researchers – while providing more funding to researchers when they …
Education, Skills, And Wage Outcomes Among Mid-Career Adults : A Cross-National Study, Kai Zhou
Education, Skills, And Wage Outcomes Among Mid-Career Adults : A Cross-National Study, Kai Zhou
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Interest in the role of non-cognitive skills on successful life outcomes (such as academic performance) has increased in recent years. Policy makers in many countries have prioritized the learning of non-cognitive skills in the school curriculum and training frameworks. Although studies in labor economics have provided important insights about the impact of non-cognitive skills on earnings (e.g., Lindqvist and Vestman 2011; Heckman, Stixrud, and Urzua 2006), solid evidence about how labor markets produce or facilitate the acquisition of non-cognitive skills in different country settings is lacking. The linkage between education, skills and wages has been at the core discussion of …