Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Quando O Brasil Era Moderno: O Estado Antes Da Crise Do Estado, Adriano Codato

Adriano Codato

This article proposes and develops an analytical scheme based on historical neo-institutionalism to explain the genesis of State capacities through exclusively political variables. Taking the case of the exponential growth of State power during the Brazilian Estado Novo regime (1937-1945) as my problem, I seek to reflect on the empirical determinants and, as deriving from them, the theoretical criteria that are responsible for accounting for three simultaneous occurrences: decision-making centralization at the head of the Federal Executive, influence of formal government institutions on processes of recruitment and selection of political personnel and unequal sharing of decision-making power among different elite …

Las Razones De Presencia Y Éxito De Los Partidos Étnicos En América Latina. Los Casos De Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala, México, Nicaragua Y Perú (1990-2005)., Salvador Marti I Puig

Salvador Marti i Puig

El texto explora si existe alguna causalidad entre la presencia y relevancia de los partidos étnicos (PE) en seis países latinoameri- canos y las “condiciones favorables” que indican diversas perspectivas de la literatura sobre acción colectiva. Para ello se realiza un análisis cuali- tativo multicausal orientado a los casos y a las variables que usa la lógica booleana para sim- plificar estructuras de datos complejos de forma sistemática. Con ello se trata de identificar la variedad de pautas causales de la presencia y éxito de los PÉ en Bolivia, Ecuador y Nicaragua, y no en Guatemala, México y Perú.

From 'Parliamentarized' To 'Pure' Presidentialism: Bolivia After October 2003, Miguel Centellas

Miguel Centellas

Among the many shifts in Bolivian politics since October 2003 is a subtle, yet significant change in the country's presidential system. Bolivia has recently transitioned from "parliamentarized" to a "pure" presidentism. In the previous system (1985-2002), Bolivian presidents were chosen by the legislature and led multiparty coalition governments. Since October 2003, Bolivia has instead been governed by two independent chief executives. This paper discusses the shift in presidential behavior by analyzing the similarities between Carlos Mesa and Evo Morales—who also fit the the description of "delegate democrats" or "populists"—and their consequences for democratic stability (the lack of a constitutional "crisis"). …

Parties After Success: Why Some Radical Right Parties Persist And Others Collapse, Antonis A. Ellinas

Antonis A. Ellinas

In the past three decades radical right parties have made important electoral advances in most countries across Western Europe. In some cases such parties have managed to endure and grow after their initial electoral breakthroughs, while in other cases they quickly collapsed. To understand the reasons for their divergent trajectories the paper focuses on the development of four radical right parties after their initial breakthroughs: the French National Front, the Austrian Freedom Party, the German Republikaner and theSwedish New Democracy. It examines three different factors affecting their trajectories: the strategic responses of mainstream competitors; the positioning of radical right parties …

Bolivia's Party System After October 2003: Where Did All The Politicians Go?, Miguel Centellas

Miguel Centellas

Bolivia’s political system has recently undergone a dramatic transformation after nearly two decades dominated by three “systemic” parties (MNR, ADN, MIR). Despite resisting challenges from “outsiders” (whether populists, leftists, or indigenous movements) for nearly two decades, the party system was quickly swept away after the “gas war” of October 2003. In its place, the new political landscape appears polarized into two distinct camps: Evo Morales’s MAS and an opposition led by PODEMOS. This paper offers a preliminary exploratory look at Bolivia’s most recent political transformation, looking particularly at the migration patterns of Bolivian career politicians between the 2002 and 2005 …

A Formação Do Campo Político Profissional No Brasil: Uma Hipótese A Partir Do Caso De São Paulo, Adriano Codato

Adriano Codato

Through examination of the political properties and the socio-occupational characteristics of São Paulo state representatives at the 1946 National Constituent Assembly, this article provides evidence of three types. With regard to those who were in control of key positions within the State throughout the period of the República Velha (1889-1930) there was: i) an important change in the social origin of the elite; ii) at the same time, a greater professionalization of the political class and iii) these two processes were not simultaneous, yet a "political renovation" did occur, identifiable for example through the change in age group within the …

Por Um Retorno À Sociologia Das Elites, Renato Perissinotto, Adriano Codato

Adriano Codato

No abstract provided.

Boletín De Política Comparada Volumen 1, Número 1, Augusto Reina

Augusto Reina

Cuatro razones para comparar, por Aníbal Pérez Liñán. La comparación en un mundo globalizado por Juan B. Lucca. Crisis del bipartidismo en el Cono Sur: Los casos de Argentina y Uruguay en perspectiva comparada (1983-2007) por Sabrina Garbovetzky. Brasil y Argentina: Federalismo y sistema de partidos por Nelson Cardozo Enseñar a comparar: algunos desafíos en la enseñanza de la política comparada en la Argentina por Pablo A. Bulcourf

Ripe For Cooperation Or Rivalry? Commerce, Realpolitik, And War Memory In Contemporary Sino-Japanese Relations, Yinan He

Yinan He

Sino-Japanese political relations, fraught with disputes and tension during the Koizumi years, only began to recover after Abe came to power. This article investigates the driving forces shaping recent and future bilateral relations. Using evidence from the Koizumi era, I argue that 1) bilateral commercial links prove a weak stabilizing factor for political relations; 2) the current distribution of power between China and Japan does not dictate their strategic rivalry, but they may still treat each other as rivals if they perceive the danger of longterm power transition and mutual hostile intent; 3) the frequent flare-up of bilateral history disputes …

Relaciones Con Los Medios En Gobiernos Locales, Augusto Reina, Santiago Rossi

Augusto Reina

Una gran cantidad de problemas cotidianos son resueltos por los gobiernos locales y la ciudadanía cada vez demanda mayores respuestas. En espacios de gobierno territorialmente reducidos los hechos son más “visibles”, esto hace que los reclamos sean inmediatos y constantes.

Ante las expectativas y el requerimiento de información que se desprenden de los gobiernos es necesario construir instituciones y redes que se especialicen en la comunicación de la gestión de gobierno. Una vez que un gobierno tenga analizadas sus políticas y definidos los mensajes, el canal óptimo para su difusión lo encontramos en los medios de comunicación.

En este capítulo …

Democratisation, Identity Transformation And Rising Ethnic Conflicts In Kogi State, Nigeria, Shola J. Omotola

Shola J. Omotola Mr

This article explores the linkages between democratization, identity transformation, and rising ethnic conflicts in Kogi State, Nigeria. It argues that the changing character of identity politics in the state, partly a reflection of the contradictory character of the state such that it empowers some people and disempowers others, has been boosted by the democratization process. Ethnic identities have thus become an instrument for the construction and deconstruction of trust in the struggle for power among the competing ethnicities, which the democratization process typifies. The result has been rising ethnic conflicts across the state that do not bode well for sustainable …

Review Of Cas Mudde's "Populist Radical Right Parties In Europe", Journal Of Politics 70:2, 561-2., Antonis A. Ellinas

Antonis A. Ellinas

No abstract provided.

A Spatial Analysis Of Italian Second Republic, Riccardo Pelizzo, Massimiliano Landi

riccardo pelizzo

No abstract provided.

‘Housing As Social Right Or Means To Wealth? Comparing The Politics Of Property Booms In Australia And Denmark’, Jens L. Mortensen, Leonard Seabrooke

Leonard Seabrooke

Should housing be considered a social right or a means to wealth? This article compares changes to taxation and housing finance regimes in a liberal market for residential property, Australia, and a corporatist market, Denmark. During the last decade, regulatory changes to taxation and housing finance systems in Australia and Denmark facilitated residential property booms. These reforms, particularly those following financial deregulation, introduced new mortgage instruments and changed economic incentives for selecting residential property as an investment vehicle. The reforms may also be associated with a more general process of transforming taxation and housing finance regimes to favour conception of …

‘Varieties Of Residential Capitalism In The International Political Economy: New Politics In Old Welfare States’, Herman M. Schwartz, Leonard Seabrooke

Leonard Seabrooke

Comparative and international political economy are justifiably obsessed with finance as a source of power and as a key causal force for domestic and international economic outcomes. Yet both CPE and IPE ignore the single largest asset in people’s everyday lives and one of the biggest financial assets in most economies: residential property and its associated mortgage debt. This special issue argues that residential housing and housing finance systems have important causal consequences for political behavior, social stability, the structure of welfare states, and macro-economic outcomes. The articles examine specific instances across a range of countries. This introduction has broader …

The Effects Of Australian Ballot Rules On Constituent Spending And Committee Assignments In The U.S. House, 1885-1901, Jill Wittrock, Stephen Nemeth, Howard Sanborn, Brian Disarro, Peverill Squire

Howard Sanborn

Katz and Sala linked the development of committee property rights in the late-nineteenth-century U.S. House of Representatives to the introduction of theAustralian ballot. If, as they posited, members sought personal reputations to carry them to reelection in the new electoral environment, the current article argues that behaviors with more imme diate political payoffs also should have changed inways their theory would predict. The article examines whether committee assignments, floor voting behavior, and the distribution of pork barrel projects changed in predicted ways and finds supportive outcomes, but usually only when the office bloc ballot, and not the party bloc ballot, …

Parâmetros Para Uma Análise Empírica Da Relação Entre Idéias, Elites E Instituições, Adriano Codato

Adriano Codato

This article proposes a set of parameters for understanding political behavior in Brazil during the first part of the twentieth century. Starting from a precisely-defined political problem the São Paulo state political elite s adhesion to and ideological support for the Estado Novo regime we will engage in more general reflections on the relationship between ideas, elites and political institutions. For these purposes, we give salience to two types of variables which enable us to locate political agents within social space, understand their mental dispositions, how they are formed, and what inspires and how they explain their actions. We refer …

Poulantzas, O Estado E A Revolução, Adriano Codato

Adriano Codato

The article exposes the theory of the capitalist state formulated for Nicos Poulantzas. It is possible to find, in his work, three successive and different formulations of what the state is: a structure, an apparatus and a social relation. Each of these definitions corresponds to a political strategy in regard to the overcome of the capitalist state, so that the two problems, the function of the state and the destruction of the state, must be considered together.

Political Leadership And The Emergence Of Radical Mass Movements In Democracy, Takis S. Pappas

Takis S Pappas

The perception of liberal democracy as a solidly institutionalized system in which opposition forces moderately compete with legitimate authority is so fixed that people are often surprised when mass radicalism emerges. Why, when, and how do radical mass movements emerge in pluralist (or semipluralist) political systems? The article, by linking radical action at the mass level with strategic choices at the elite level, argues in favor of an explanation based on symbolic framing processes. Radical mass action is best explained by the symbolic-cum-strategic action of individual political entrepreneurs employing specific frames to mobilize large masses of people. The argument is …

An Ethical Map Of Indonesian Mps, Riccardo Pelizzo, Bernice Ang

riccardo pelizzo

Building on the work by Mancuso (1993, 1995), the paper presents the results of an elite survey conducted among members of the DPR and DPD in 2006. The data analysis reveals the distribution of ethical preferences among MPs and the existence of four different types of MPs

Legislative Ethics And Codes Of Conduct, Riccardo Pelizzo, Rick Stapenhurst

riccardo pelizzo

This chapter discusses the difference between codes of ethics and codes of conduct, their role, their function and their distribution. The chapter also pays some attention to what makes codes of conduct most effective.

Cartel Parties And Cartel Party Systems, Riccardo Pelizzo

riccardo pelizzo

The transformation of Western European Party Systems was associated with the emergence of a new model of party organization: the cartel party.The cartel party differs from previous party models because it is increasingly less an agent of society, has interests on its own, depends on state subsidies and struggles to preserve the conditions under whihc it prospers by distorting electoral competition. Through such a distortion the cartel of parties resembles the behavior of oligopolistic firms. The purpose of this book is to investigate whether and to what extent patterns of inter-party competition resemble the functioning of oligopolistic markets.The results of …

From Importer To Exporter: The Changing Role Of Nigeria In Promoting Democratic Values In Africa, Shola J. Omotola

Shola J. Omotola Mr

No abstract provided.

Against The Cultural Gap Thesis In Africa’S Democratisation, Shola J. Omotola

Shola J. Omotola Mr

The article challenges the cultural gap thesis in Africa’s democratization. The thesis argues that democratization in Africa falters because there is a cultural gap in the democratic framework, such as the absence of democrats, i.e., culture, and the subsequent perversion of the democratization process. The argument holds only if there is one single democracy, and therefore, only one acceptable political culture, which is seldom the case. The problem of democracy in Africa is not due to a unique flaw in the African way of life that forecloses the feasibility of sustainable democracy in the continent. It must be that the …

El Canto De Las Sirenas. Algunas Consideraciones Sobre La Comunicación De Gobierno, Augusto Reina

Augusto Reina

En la actualidad las estrategias de comunicación política no se agotan al finalizar las campañas electorales, sino que son imprescindibles para la comunicación del gobierno. Los diferentes niveles de gobierno están ante el desafío de crear capacidades estatales para la comunicación de sus acciones con miras a reconstituir el vínculo entre la sociedad y la política. El trabajo se articula sobre tres ejes principales: la sociedad moderna, que es el sujeto de comunicación; las prácticas de los medios de comunicación a través de los que se comunica y las estrategias de la comunicación política. En una primera instancia, se analiza …

Book Review: 'Secular And Islamic Politics In Turkey: The Making Of The Justice And Development Party', Ali Balci

Ali Balci

No abstract provided.

Pensadores Y Forjadores De La Universidad En México, Roberto Rodríguez-Gómez

Roberto Rodríguez-Gómez

This essay provides an overall perspective on the development of public university in Mexico from the Viceroyalty to our days. The presentation focuses on some periods, institutions and debates of particular relevance.

La Educación Media Obligatoria En España, Chile, Argentina Y México, Roberto Rodríguez-Gómez

Roberto Rodríguez-Gómez

Se comparan cuatro sistemas de educación media (bachillerato) del ámbito iberoamericano: España, Chile, Argentina y México. Se describen y explican, para cada caso y para el conjunto, las modalidades y fórmulas normativas de obligatoriedad de ese nivel de estudios.

全球多层治理中地方政府与国际政治的相互关系研究, Zhimin Chen

Zhimin Chen

No abstract provided.

El Regreso De Ortega: ¿Policy Change O Simple Circulación De Élites?, Salvador Marti I Puig

Salvador Marti i Puig

El año 2007 en Nicaragua estuvo marcado por la llegada de Daniel Ortega a la Presidencia de la República y por las primeras medidas de su nueva administración. Centrándose en dicho acontecimiento el texto que se presenta razona, en primer lugar, por qué el FSLN llegó nuevamente al poder. Posteriormente analiza la composición y naturaleza del nuevo gobierno, así como las primeras medidas implementadas. A continuación presenta la dinámica de coaliciones y pactos que se sucedieron en la Asamblea Nacional, donde el FSLN es la minoría mayor; y señala el debate de reforma constitucional en curso. Finalmente el artículo concluye …