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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Electronic Nicotine Product (Enp) Graphic Warnings: Association Between Exposure And Changes In Perceived Susceptibility And Severity Of Explosion And Lung Injuries, Erica Harp, Matthew E. Rossheim, Xiaoquan Zhao, Christian Seiter, Ogechikamma C. Emechebe, Eric Soule Mar 2024

Electronic Nicotine Product (Enp) Graphic Warnings: Association Between Exposure And Changes In Perceived Susceptibility And Severity Of Explosion And Lung Injuries, Erica Harp, Matthew E. Rossheim, Xiaoquan Zhao, Christian Seiter, Ogechikamma C. Emechebe, Eric Soule

Health Behavior Research

Electronic nicotine products (ENPs) are the most prevalent form of tobacco use among U.S. young adults. Research is needed to investigate how to communicate new risks from ENPs to the public. In this study, we tested the comparative persuasiveness of ENP explosion and lung injury graphic warnings. We recruited a sample of 343 young adults (18 to 28 years; 146 male, 197 female), including both ENP users and nonusers, via Amazon Mechanical Turk in October 2020. We randomly assigned participants to one of six exposure conditions: two images of lung injuries with prevalence statistics, two images of battery explosion injuries …


Investigating Moderation In The Prospective Relationship Of Marijuana Use To Subsequent Illicit Substance Use: Evidence From Add Health, Radhika Prasad, Ming Wen, Zobayer Ahmmad, Daniel Adkins Mar 2023

Investigating Moderation In The Prospective Relationship Of Marijuana Use To Subsequent Illicit Substance Use: Evidence From Add Health, Radhika Prasad, Ming Wen, Zobayer Ahmmad, Daniel Adkins

Health Behavior Research

Whereas socially normalized substances (e.g., marijuana) may increase the probability of subsequent progression to more harmful illicit substances, previous empirical research on the topic has yielded inconsistent results. Few studies have prospectively examined whether age of first documented current marijuana use is related to later harmful illicit substance use over multiple life course stages, or considered potential moderation of the process by age of first documented current marijuana use, gender, or race/ethnicity. To investigate this topic, data from five waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult (N=20,774), spanning ages 12-42, were used to analyze the prospective association …


A Qualitative Investigation Of Individual, Interpersonal, And Institutional Contributions To Postpartum Work-Family Balance, Sidney Smith, Laura Schwab Reese, Kilian Kelly, Tessa Bauman, Madison Wierenga, Anna Bohning, Andrea L. Demaria Aug 2022

A Qualitative Investigation Of Individual, Interpersonal, And Institutional Contributions To Postpartum Work-Family Balance, Sidney Smith, Laura Schwab Reese, Kilian Kelly, Tessa Bauman, Madison Wierenga, Anna Bohning, Andrea L. Demaria

Health Behavior Research

Managing personal and professional responsibilities may be challenging during the postpartum period, as employees navigate new roles, responsibilities, and family dynamics. The purpose of this paper was to understand the work/life balance experiences of diverse stakeholders and identify opportunities to improve the work environment. We conducted a series of in-depth focus groups with faculty, staff, and graduate students (n = 22), and in-depth interviews with administrators (n = 10) at a research-intensive university in the United States. A six-phase thematic analysis approach was used to examine the experiences and perspectives of individuals with different roles. Three themes with …


Patterns And Predictors Of Smoking By Race And Medical Diagnosis During Hospital Admission: A Latent Class Analysis, Amanda M. Palmer, Benjamin A. Toll, Georges J. Nahhas, Kayla Haire, Brandon T. Sanford, Kenneth Micheal Cummings, Alana M. Rojewski May 2022

Patterns And Predictors Of Smoking By Race And Medical Diagnosis During Hospital Admission: A Latent Class Analysis, Amanda M. Palmer, Benjamin A. Toll, Georges J. Nahhas, Kayla Haire, Brandon T. Sanford, Kenneth Micheal Cummings, Alana M. Rojewski

Health Behavior Research

Hospital-based tobacco treatment programs provide tobacco cessation for a diverse array of admitted patients. Person-centered approaches to classifying subgroups of individuals within large datasets are useful for evaluating the characteristics of the sample. This study categorized patients who received tobacco treatment while hospitalized and determined whether demographics and smoking-related health conditions were associated with group membership. Chart review data was obtained from 4854 patients admitted to a large hospital in South Carolina, USA, from July 2014 through December 2019 who completed a tobacco treatment visit. Smoking characteristics obtained from the visit interview were dichotomized, and then latent class analysis (LCA) …


Development And Validation Of An Instrument Measuring Determinants Of Bystander Intervention To Prevent Sexual Assault: An Application Of The Reasoned Action Approach, Christine L. Hackman, Sarah E. Rush Griffin, Paul W. Branscum, Arden Castle, Marina Katague Feb 2022

Development And Validation Of An Instrument Measuring Determinants Of Bystander Intervention To Prevent Sexual Assault: An Application Of The Reasoned Action Approach, Christine L. Hackman, Sarah E. Rush Griffin, Paul W. Branscum, Arden Castle, Marina Katague

Health Behavior Research

Bystander Intervention (BI) is an evidence-based approach that is considered the gold standard by governmental organizations to reduce sexual assault in college. Few survey instruments are available to measure the predispositions students have towards engaging in BI. Valid and reliable instruments are greatly needed, especially those tailored to BI. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument based on the reasoned action approach with college students at two U.S. universities. An elicitation of beliefs was accomplished to inform survey items (i.e., behavioral, normative, and control beliefs). Then, an initial draft was developed and sent to an …


Leveraging Health Behavior And Communication Theories To Support Adolescent And Young Adults: Conceptualizing Social Media Wellness In Relation To Disordered Eating, Elizabeth A. Claydon, Keith Zullig, Mary M. Step Aug 2021

Leveraging Health Behavior And Communication Theories To Support Adolescent And Young Adults: Conceptualizing Social Media Wellness In Relation To Disordered Eating, Elizabeth A. Claydon, Keith Zullig, Mary M. Step

Health Behavior Research

Social media platforms like Instagram serve as an important mechanism for transmitting social information and influence. However, the nature and use of these platforms are known to perpetuate eating disorders (EDs) or further disorder eating symptoms. This concept paper proposes merging health behavior and communication theory to create a comprehensive and applicable framework for remediating pro-eating disorder social media content among people who have eating disorders. To this end, the Social Media Wellness Model, which is adapted from the Health Belief Model, the Uses and Gratifications approach, the MAIN model of media affordances, and media literacy training, is proposed. This …


Beliefs About Social Distancing During Covid-19 Stay-At-Home Orders: A Theory-Based Salient Belief Elicitation, Christopher Owens, Nicole Struble, Joseph M. Currin, Zachary Giano, Randolph D. Hubach Apr 2021

Beliefs About Social Distancing During Covid-19 Stay-At-Home Orders: A Theory-Based Salient Belief Elicitation, Christopher Owens, Nicole Struble, Joseph M. Currin, Zachary Giano, Randolph D. Hubach

Health Behavior Research

Understanding the beliefs about social distancing behaviors is required to inform 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) interventions that are based on theory, research, and evidence. This study investigated the salient beliefs related to social distancing. United States adults (n = 106) recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk completed an online reasoned action approach belief elicitation from April 19 to April 25, 2020. Behavioral beliefs (advantages and disadvantages), normative beliefs (approvers and disapprovers), and control beliefs (facilitators and barriers) related to social distancing were elicited via open-ended questions. A content analysis was performed, and kappa statistics revealed high levels of interrater reliability …


Impact Of Social Networks, Mental Health, And Sobriety On Exercise Within A Collegiate Recovery Community, Megan S. Patterson, Alex Russell, Mandy Nicole Spadine, Tyler Prochnow, Katie M. Heinrich Jun 2020

Impact Of Social Networks, Mental Health, And Sobriety On Exercise Within A Collegiate Recovery Community, Megan S. Patterson, Alex Russell, Mandy Nicole Spadine, Tyler Prochnow, Katie M. Heinrich

Health Behavior Research

Exercise is especially beneficial for individuals recovering from addiction. In addition to improved physical, emotional, and mental health, exercise is linked to long-term recovery for those overcoming addiction. With nearly 10% of college students in recovery, and many utilizing campus resources such as collegiate recovery communities (CRCs) to support their recovery, it is important to understand the relationship between exercise and the recovery process among college students. The purpose of this study was to use social network analysis and theory to understand exercise behaviors among a group of college students in recovery. The relationship between exercise and sobriety, mental health …


Exposure To Violence And Sleep Inadequacies Among Men And Women Living In A Shelter Setting, Pooja Agrawal, Julie Neisler, Michael S. Businelle Phd, Darla E. Kendzor Phd, Daphne C. Hernandez, Chisom Odoh, Lorraine R. Reitzel Dec 2019

Exposure To Violence And Sleep Inadequacies Among Men And Women Living In A Shelter Setting, Pooja Agrawal, Julie Neisler, Michael S. Businelle Phd, Darla E. Kendzor Phd, Daphne C. Hernandez, Chisom Odoh, Lorraine R. Reitzel

Health Behavior Research

Exposure to violence may explain sleep inadequacies reported by homeless adults, with women being potentially more susceptible to violence and sleep disturbances than men. This study examined the association between violence and sleep inadequacies among homeless adults and explored differences by sex. Adult participants were recruited from a shelter (n = 194; 71.1% men, Mage = 43.8+12.2). Participants self-reported victimization and/or witnessing violence (mugging, fight, and/or sexual assault) at the shelter, sleep duration (over an average 24 hours), insufficient sleep (days without sufficient rest/sleep), and unintentional daytime sleep (days with unintentional sleep) in the past month. Linear regressions …


Barriers To Hiv Testing Within A Sample Of Spanish-Speaking Latinx Gay, Bisexual, And Other Men Who Have Sex With Men: Implications For Hiv Prevention And Care, Danielle N. Horridge, Timothy S. Oh, Jorge Alonzo, Lilli Mann-Jackson, Amanda E. Tanner, Eunyoung Y. Song, Benjamin D. Smart, Cornelius N. Van Dam, Logan S. Baker, Scott D. Rhodes Oct 2019

Barriers To Hiv Testing Within A Sample Of Spanish-Speaking Latinx Gay, Bisexual, And Other Men Who Have Sex With Men: Implications For Hiv Prevention And Care, Danielle N. Horridge, Timothy S. Oh, Jorge Alonzo, Lilli Mann-Jackson, Amanda E. Tanner, Eunyoung Y. Song, Benjamin D. Smart, Cornelius N. Van Dam, Logan S. Baker, Scott D. Rhodes

Health Behavior Research

Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) have higher rates of HIV infection compared to the general population in the United States, and the infection rate is growing among Latinx GBMSM, compared to a decline in most other demographic subgroups. Uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a biomedical strategy designed to reduce HIV transmission, is very low among Latinx GBMSM. HIV testing is a critical first step in the HIV prevention and care continua. We analyzed data from a community-based sample of Latinx GBMSM in the southeastern United States to identify the most common HIV testing barriers …


Evaluation Of A Peer-To-Peer Approach To Improve The Reach Of Farmers’ Markets Among Low-Income Populations, Darcy Freedman, Eunlye Lee, Susan Flocke, Rachael Sommer, Erika S. Trapl, Amanda Osborne, Elaine Borawski Mar 2019

Evaluation Of A Peer-To-Peer Approach To Improve The Reach Of Farmers’ Markets Among Low-Income Populations, Darcy Freedman, Eunlye Lee, Susan Flocke, Rachael Sommer, Erika S. Trapl, Amanda Osborne, Elaine Borawski

Health Behavior Research

Farmers’ markets have been implemented to improve access to nutritious foods, yet use is low among people receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. This study’s objectives were to assess the feasibility of implementing the FreshLink Ambassador intervention to promote use of farmers’ markets located in high SNAP neighborhoods, describe information dissemination by Ambassadors, and evaluate intervention impact on SNAP use. The theory-based and data-driven intervention trained nine community residents as FreshLink Ambassadors in 2017; eight completed the study. Ambassadors conducted weekly outreach disseminating coupons to promote use of three intervention markets. Four comparison markets were selected to evaluate impact …


A Public Health Argument Against Arming Teachers, David I. Swedler Dec 2018

A Public Health Argument Against Arming Teachers, David I. Swedler

Health Behavior Research

The peer-reviewed scientific literature does not support the idea that arming teachers will prevent school shootings. In this commentary, I draw on the criminal justice, injury prevention, and firearm safety literature to demonstrate how arming teachers will do more harm than good.


Weight-Loss Treatment-Induced Physical Activity Associated With Improved Nutrition Through Changes In Social Cognitive Theory Variables In Women With Obesity, James J. Annesi, Nicole Mareno Oct 2017

Weight-Loss Treatment-Induced Physical Activity Associated With Improved Nutrition Through Changes In Social Cognitive Theory Variables In Women With Obesity, James J. Annesi, Nicole Mareno

Health Behavior Research

Behavioral weight-loss treatments have typically been unsuccessful and a theoretical. Even when treatments were scientifically derived, theory has rarely been used to decompose, and understand the bases of, their effects. This 2-year study evaluated mediation of the prediction of nutritional changes by changes in physical activity, through social cognitive theory variables. Data from women with Class 1–2 obesity, classified as “insufficiently active” (N = 50; Mage = 47.6 years), were extracted from 2 initial trials of a new cognitive-behavioral intervention. That treatment sought to improve self-regulation, mood, and self-efficacy through increased physical activity, to then induce improved eating …