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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Ambiguity (1)
- Analogical transfer (1)
- Cognitive control (1)
- Continuous perception (1)
- Creative cognition (1)
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- Discrete perception (1)
- Elaborative Retrieval (1)
- Ensemble perception (1)
- Fluid intelligence (1)
- Global motion (1)
- Hierarchical reinforcement learning (1)
- Idea generation (1)
- Individual differences (1)
- Learning (1)
- Mixture model (1)
- Problem solving (1)
- Reasoning (1)
- Reinforcement learning (1)
- Retrieval (1)
- Structure learning (1)
- Test Effect (1)
- Visual confidence (1)
- Working memory capacity (1)
Articles 1 - 5 of 5
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Is A Test The Best?, Giulia Ronnette Mcdonald
Is A Test The Best?, Giulia Ronnette Mcdonald
Theses and Dissertations
The test effect (Roediger & Karpicke, 2006) demonstrates that performance on a final test is better when an immediate test is taken after reading a passage rather than rereading. Although transfer appropriate processing has been suggested as a theoretical explanation, the results could be due to elaborative retrieval processes during the immediate test that are not available during restudy. We compared testing to three other strategies using elaborative retrieval—Generating Questions, Read-Recite-Review, Teaching—to determine whether they would be as beneficial as testing. Results showed that each of the alternative strategies produced final test performance equal to that of testing, suggesting not …
Individual Differences In Structure Learning, Philip Newlin
Individual Differences In Structure Learning, Philip Newlin
Theses and Dissertations
Humans have a tendency to impute structure spontaneously even in simple learning tasks, however the way they approach structure learning can vary drastically. The present study sought to determine why individuals learn structure differently. One hypothesized explanation for differences in structure learning is individual differences in cognitive control. Cognitive control allows individuals to maintain representations of a task and may interact with reinforcement learning systems. It was expected that individual differences in propensity to apply cognitive control, which shares component processes with hierarchical reinforcement learning, may explain how individuals learn structure differently in a simple structure learning task. Results showed …
Contextual Creativity: The Role Of Ambiguity In Creative Cognition, Sarah K. C. Dygert
Contextual Creativity: The Role Of Ambiguity In Creative Cognition, Sarah K. C. Dygert
Theses and Dissertations
This body of work is composed of three individual papers that each seek to explain individual differences in creative cognition. Paper 1 used structural equation modeling to examine the ways in which creative problem solving and creative idea generation relate or differ. Results from Paper 1 demonstrate that divergent thinking and creative problem solving are best represented as a bifactor model, bearing distinct domain-specific factors, as well as a shared domain-general factor. Though working memory and fluency of memory retrieval explained significant portions of the domain-specific constructs, they only explained ~2% of variance in the domain-general factor. Paper 2 explores …
The Role Of Knowledge Representations In Rule Transfer On A Novel Problem-Solving Task, Megan J. Raden
The Role Of Knowledge Representations In Rule Transfer On A Novel Problem-Solving Task, Megan J. Raden
Theses and Dissertations
Although the independent roles of working memory capacity (WMC) and knowledge in problem solving have been thoroughly researched, there is significantly less work that has explored how WMC and knowledge interact during problem solving. The present study investigated how the quality of knowledge representations contribute to rule transfer in a problem-solving context and how WMC might contribute to the subsequent failure or success in transferring the relevant information. Participants were trained on individual figural analogies rules and then asked to rate how similar they thought the rules were to determine how stimulispecific or abstract their rule representations were. Their rule …
Discrete Processing In Visual Perception, Marshall L. Green
Discrete Processing In Visual Perception, Marshall L. Green
Theses and Dissertations
Two very different classes of theoretical models have been proposed to explain visual perception. One class of models assume that there is a point at which we become consciously aware of a stimulus, known as a threshold. This threshold is the foundation of discrete process models all of which describe an all-or-none transition between the mental state of perceiving a stimulus and the state of not perceiving a stimulus. In contrast, the other class of models assume that mental states change continuously. These continuous models are founded in signal detection theory and the more contemporary models in Bayesian inference frameworks. …