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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Emotion And Relative Reward Processing: An Investigation On Instrumental Successive Negative Contrast And Ultrasonic Vocalizations In The Rat., Howard Cromwell
Emotion And Relative Reward Processing: An Investigation On Instrumental Successive Negative Contrast And Ultrasonic Vocalizations In The Rat., Howard Cromwell
Howard Casey Cromwell
Incentive contrast effects include changes in behavioral responses after a reward upshift (positive contrast) or downshift (negative contrast). Proposed influences on these behavioral changes are emotional state reactions after experiencing or anticipating a change in reward outcome. Rat ultrasonic vocalizations have been shown to be indicators of emotional state during behavior and anticipatory periods. The objective of the present study was to monitor rodent ultrasounds during incentive contrast using a classical runway procedure called instrumental successive negative contrast. The procedure is one that has been used often to examine incentive relativity because of its reliability in measuring negative contrast effects. …
Effects Of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (Pcb) On Response Perseveration And Ultrasonic Vocalization Emission In Rat During Development, Howard Cromwell
Effects Of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (Pcb) On Response Perseveration And Ultrasonic Vocalization Emission In Rat During Development, Howard Cromwell
Howard Casey Cromwell
The 3 major symptoms of autistic spectrum disorders include 1) social behavioral alterations, 2) problems in communication and 3) higher-order motoric deficits of perseveration and stereotyped movements. Previous work has shown that early developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) alters rat pup social motivation and juvenile rat social recognition/investigation. The present work extends this previous research by examining how perinatal PCB exposure alters motoric functions and communication abilities at different stages of development. Action perseveration was examined using performance measures from a T-maze environment. Communication abilities were evaluated by monitoring ultrasound emission in rat pups during a brief isolation from …
Reportinfluence Of Emotional States On Inhibitory Gating: Animal Models To Clinical Neurophysiology, Howard Cromwell
Reportinfluence Of Emotional States On Inhibitory Gating: Animal Models To Clinical Neurophysiology, Howard Cromwell
Howard Casey Cromwell
tIntegrating research efforts using a cross-domain approach could redefine traditional constructs used inbehavioral and clinical neuroscience by demonstrating that behavior and mental processes arise not fromfunctional isolation but from integration. Our research group has been examining the interface betweencognitive and emotional processes by studying inhibitory gating. Inhibitory gating can be measured viachanges in behavior or neural signal processing. Sensorimotor gating of the startle response is a well-usedmeasure. To study how emotion and cognition interact during startle modulation in the animal model,we examined ultrasonic vocalization (USV) emissions during acoustic startle and prepulse inhibition. Wefound high rates of USV emission during the …