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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Is Islamofascism Even A Thing? The Case Of The Indonesian Islamic Defenders' Front (Fpi), Stephen Miller
Is Islamofascism Even A Thing? The Case Of The Indonesian Islamic Defenders' Front (Fpi), Stephen Miller
Asian Review
Although a term with roots going back to 1933, "Islamofascism" did not gain wide-spread use until the beginning of the 21st century. In the West the term has often been associated with conservative and far right-wing politics, giving it Islamophobic overtones. However, in Indonesia and other Muslim majority countries at times it can emerge in public discussion and debates as a rhetorical weapon of liberal intellectuals when discussing conservative and far right-wing "Islamist" organizations—although in Indonesia the more common term is "religious fascist." This paper examines theories of fascism built up in "Fascist Studies" (the so-called "New Consensus"), as well …
Awkwardly Included: Portugal And Indonesia's Politics Of Multi-Culturalism In East Timor, 1942 To The Early 1990s, Kisho Tsuchiya
Awkwardly Included: Portugal And Indonesia's Politics Of Multi-Culturalism In East Timor, 1942 To The Early 1990s, Kisho Tsuchiya
Asian Review
This article explores the history of East Timor from 1942 to the early 1990s, examining how ideological tolerance of racial and cultural diversity functioned as a state policy under Portuguese and Indonesian regimes to limit the appeal of separatist movements. The Portuguese policy shift towards multi-racialism in the middle of the 20th century reflected their experiences of Timorese hostility during the Pacific War and the rise of international anticolonialism in the post-war period. Portuguese multi-racialism (1951-74) justifi ed their "European" presence in Asia and Africa, and it resulted in the promotion of Portuguese citizenship among the Timorese. Th e Indonesian …