Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Effect Of Dairy Consumption On Blood Pressure In Mid-Childhood: Caps Cohort Study, A M. Rangan, V L. Flood, G Denyer, J G. Ayer, K L. Webb, G B. Marks, D S. Celermajer, Tim Gill

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background/objectives: It has been postulated that higher dairy consumption may affect blood pressure regulation. The aim of this study was to examine the association between dairy consumption and blood pressure in mid-childhood. Methods: Subjects (n=335) were participants of a birth cohort at high risk of asthma withinformation on diet at 18 months and blood pressure at 8 years. Multivariate analyses were used to assess the association of dairy consumption (serves) and micronutrient intakes (mg) at 18 m with blood pressure at 8 y. In a subgroup of children (n=201), dietary intake was measured at age 18 m and 9 y …

The Effect Of Viva Assessment On Students' Approaches To Learning And Motivation, Romy Lawson

Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor and Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Education) - Papers

Higher education aims to encourage students to achieve a higher level of understanding of their subject matter. In order for students to achieve these higher levels, they have to approach their learning at a deeper level (Prosser and Trigwell, 1999; Barrab and Plucker, 2002), and be motivated to achieve (Deci and Ryan, 1985). One factor that is seen as a major influence on students' intentions is their perception of the assessment of their learning (Gibbs, 2007; Ramsden, 2003; Biggs, 2003; Bransford, Brown and Cocking, 2000). A learner, who perceives that the learning outcome requires demonstration of understanding, application, and critical …

A Comparison Of The Effect Of Mobile Phone Use And Alcohol Consumption On Driving Simulation Performance, Sumie Leung, Rodney J. Croft, Melinda L. Jackson, Mark E. Howard, Raymond J. Mckenzie

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: The present study compared the effects of a variety of mobile phone usage conditions to different levels of alcohol intoxication on simulated driving performance and psychomotor vigilance. Methods: Twelve healthy volunteers participated in a crossover design in which each participant completed a simulated driving task on 2 days, separated by a 1-week washout period. On the mobile phone day, participants performed the simulated driving task under each of 4 conditions: no phone usage, a hands-free naturalistic conversation, a hands-free cognitively demanding conversation, and texting. On the alcohol day, participants performed the simulated driving task at four different blood alcohol …

Concepts Of Ability And Their Effect On Approaches To Learning And Motivational Orientation, Romy Lawson

Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor and Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Education) - Papers

There are a wide variety of experiences, psychological attributes, beliefs, prior knowledge and skills that students enter a learning situation with, that have been acknowledged (Biggs, 1999). They also enter with a range of expectations about their learning (Prosser and Trigwell, 1999). For example, the value that students' place on the learning experience will have an impact on their motivational orientation during their learning (James, 1892). Their selfefficacy will also affect their learning behaviours, with low self-esteem and motivation leading to lack of effort and persistence (Bandura, 1986). The concept of ability (whether it is fixed or changeable), is a …

The Effect Of Point Of Sale Promotions On The Alcohol Purchasing Behaviour Of Young People In Metropolitan, Regional And Rural Australia, Sandra C. Jones, Kylie M. Smith

Faculty of Arts - Papers (Archive)

This study, part of larger project examining marketing and alcohol, looked specifically at the effect of point of sale (POS) promotions on young people, with a view to providing evidence which could be used to inform policy and regulation in this area. A series of focus groups were conducted in three different locations with young people aged 16-25 years, separated by age and gender, with a total of 85 participants. Participants were asked questions about their recollection of various POS promotions and alcohol purchasing and consumption behaviour. A majority of participants demonstrated a strong recall of previous promotions and almost …

The Effect Of Exercise On The Skeletal Muscle Phospholipidome Of Rats Fed A High-Fat Diet, Todd W. Mitchell, N. Turner, Paul Else, Anthony J. Hulbert, John Hawley, Jong Sam Lee, Clinton Bruce, Stephen J. Blanksby

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of endurance training on skeletal muscle phospholipid molecular species from high-fat fed rats. Twelve female Sprague- Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (78.1% energy). The rats were randomly divided into two groups, a sedentary control group and a trained group (125 min of treadmill running at 8 m/min, 4 days/wk for 4 weeks). Forty-eight hours after their last training bout phospholipids were extracted from the red and white vastus lateralis and analyzed by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. Exercise training was associated with significant alterations in the relative abundance of a …

The Effect Of A Calorie Controlled Diet Containing Walnuts On Substrate Oxidation During 8-Hours In A Room Calorimeter, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Sze Yen Tan, Eva M. Warensjo

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective Dietary macronutrient proportions affect substrate utilization, but in practice people consume foods. We hypothesized that in overweight adults, a calorie controlled diet based on core foods and including walnuts may be advantageous in promoting greater use of fat stores. Methods This crossover study tested the effects of diet-related energy expenditure and fat oxidation in 16 overweight individuals over an 8-hour period. The 2 diets included breakfast and lunch meals during the measurement period and an evening meal the night before. They comprised core foods of bread/cereals, fruit, vegetables, milk/yogurt, and meat, and either walnuts (walnut diet) or olive oil …

The Effect Of Detraining On Muscle Strength And Cross-Sectional Area Following Unilateral Resistance Training, Herbert Groeller, John A. Sampson

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Muscle strength appears well preserved following short periods of detraining, despite a decline in muscle cross-sectional area and muscle activation. PURPOSE: This study determined the effect a 12-week unilateral elbow flexor resistance training regimen followed by 8 weeks of detraining on muscle cross-sectional area, muscle activation, and dynamic and static strength in trained and non-exercising contralateral limbs. METHODS: Ten males volunteered for the investigation and completed a 4-week pre-treatment training period (50-80%1RM) prior to commencing the experimental resistance training regimen. Subjects attended 3 sessions per week over 12 weeks of experimental training wherein they exercised at 85%1RM. Each subjects trained …

Effect Of High Amylose Maize Starches On Colonic Fermentation And Apoptotic Response To Dna-Damage In The Colon Of Rats, Ian L. Brown, Richard K. Le Leu, Graeme P. Young, Ying Hu

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background

We investigated in rats the effects of feeding different forms of high amylose maize starches (HAMS) rich in resistant starch (RS) to understand what the implications of RS heterogeneity might be for colonic biology, including innate cellular responses to DNA-damage.

Methods

A range of maize starches were compared: digestible cornstarch (Control), HYLON^® VII, Hi-maize^® 1043, Hi-maize^® 240, Hi-maize^® 260 and NOVELOSE^® 330. Included in the comparison was Cellulose. End-points after 4 weeks included: pH, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) levels, colonic epithelial cell kinetics and apoptotic response to carcinogen 'azoxymethane' in the colonic epithelium. …

Preschool Children's Counterfactual Inferences: The Causal Length Effect Revisited, Amy Y. Chan, Jessica C. Scott

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Research into young childrens counterfactual thinking is equivocal about how childrens counterfactual responses to causal events may be affected by the length of the causal inference required. This study examined the causal length effect in 3- and 4-year-old children (N=87). Children participated in two counterfactual inference tasks involving causally-related sequences of events. One task entailed counterfactual emotional judgements about the experience of characters in stories, whereas the other task entailed a counterfactual inference about a potential alternative outcome to a physical event. Children at each age level were randomly assigned to answer test questions that required a long, medium, or …

The Effect Of Counterfactual Priming On Women's Decisions Regarding Mammography Screening, Amy Y. Chan, Jing Wang, Peter Caputi

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The counterfactual priming effect occurs when "what if" and "if only" thoughts about one event broadens ones mind-set to consider a more diverse range of evidence and possibilities in a different decision making or problem solving context. This study examined this effect as applied to mammography screening decisions.

The Effect Of A Low Glycemic Index Diet During Pregnancy On Obstetric Outcomes, Robert G. Moses, M J. Luebcke, Warren S. Davis, K J. Coleman, Linda C. Tapsell, Peter Petocz, Jennie C. Brand-Miller

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at The 2006 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Nutrition Society of Australia, 29 November - 2 December, Sydney, Australia

Effect Of Decorrelation On 3-D Grating Detection With Static And Dynamic Random-Dot Stereograms, Stephen A. Palmisano, Robert S. Allison, Ian P. Howard

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Three experiments examined the effects of image decorrelation on the stereoscopic detection of sinusoidal depth gratings in static anddynamic random-dot stereograms (RDS). Detection was found to tolerate greater levels of image decorrelation as: (i) density increasedfrom 23 to 676 dots/deg2; (ii) spatial frequency decreased from 0.88 to 0.22 cpd; (iii) amplitude increased above 0.5 arcmin; and (iv) dotlifetime decreased from 1.6 s (static RDS) to 80 ms (dynamic RDS). In each case, the specific pattern of tolerance to decorrelation couldbe explained by its consequences for image sampling, filtering, and the influence of depth noise.

The Effect Of Individual Psychological Characteristics In The Use Of Computerised Information Systems, Farideh Yaghmaie, Peter Caputi, Rohan Jayasuriya

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Investments in computerised information systems in the health industry in evident in most parts of the world. In hospitals and other Healthcare settings, increasingly, hands-on computer use is becoming an important behaviour for effective job perfonnance for health professionals. As the pre-employment (professional) training is provided at a number of different settings the exposure health workers have to computing will vary. Providing training and support to such end-users becomes a complex problem. In addition, based on their prior exposure to computer technology in their work place individuals will have different experiences that make implementation of such systems more complex. Individual …