Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Guidelines For The Establishment Of A Fish Habitat Protection Area., Fisheries Western Australia

Fisheries management papers

These guidelines are designed to guide the Department of Fisheries staff and community groups (the proponent) on the process for developing a proposal for a Fish Habitat Protection Area (FHPA). The guidelines: 1. Describe the role and function of Fish Habitat Protection Areas; 2. Guide proponents in selecting a suitable site for an FHPA; 3. Describe the process to be used to develop a proposal for an FHPA; 4. Describe the methodology to be used to develop a management plan for an FHPA; 5. Ensure consistency between applications.

Winter Severity And Wolf Predation On A Formerly Wolf-Free Elk Herd, L. David Mech, Douglas W. Smith, Kerry M. Murphy, Daniel R. Macnulty

USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center

We studied wolf (Canis lupus) predation on elk (Cervus elaphus) in Yellowstone National Park from 17 March to 15 April 1997 (severe winter conditions) and from 2 to 31 March 1998 (mild winter conditions) 2-3 years after wolves were reintroduced to the park. Elk composed 91% of 117 kills. Data comparisons for 1997 versus 1998 were: hunting success rate, 26% versus 15%; kill rate, 17.1 kg/wolf/day versus 6.1; percent of kill consumed in first day, 7 versus 86; percent femur marrow fat of adult kills, 27 versus 70; calf:adult ratios of kills, 2:33 versus 17:23; sex …

Familiarity With The Test Environment Improves Escape Responses In The Crimson Spotted Rainbowfish, Melanotaenia Duboulayi, Culum Brown

Sentience Collection

Animals that are familiar with their environment have been reported to have greater survivorship for a number of reasons related to their knowledge of the terrain, which they recall from memory. In an initial experiment rainbowfish significantly improved their escape response towards a novel trawl apparatus over a sequence of five runs. Escape latencies were still low during a subsequent exposure 11 months after the initial exposure. While part of the improvement in escape success was certainly due to learning associated with the location of the escape route, it is likely that this was aided by habituation to the tank …

The Effect Of Response Contingencies On Scale Model Task Performance By Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes), Valerie A. Kuhlmeier, Sarah T. Boysen

Sentience Collection

The effects of modified procedures on chimpanzees' (Pan troglodytes) performance in a scale model comprehension task were examined. Seven chimpanzees that previously participated in a task in which they searched an enclosure for a hidden item after watching an experimenter hide a miniature item in the analogous location in a scale model were retested under procedures incorporating response costs. In Experiment 1, chimpanzees were trained under procedures that rewarded only item retrievals occurring on the 1st search attempt. During test trials, 6 chimpanzees performed above chance, including 4 that were previously unsuccessful under the original procedures (V. A. Kuhlmeier, S. …

A Five-Year Management Stategy For Recreational Fishing On The West Coast Of Western Australia, West Coast Recreational Fishing Working Group

Fisheries management papers

In its discussion paper (Fisheries Management Paper No. 139), which was widely distributed and publicized, the working group put forward a range of management proposals for community discussion. These were developed after meeting directly with recreational fishers in key regional centres and receiving feedback from fisheries scientists and managers. The discussion paper attracted widespread comment, with more than 1,200 written submissions received from recreational fishers, angling clubs and other stakeholders. The working group would like to thank all those individuals and organisations that took the time to provide this valuable feedback. It was recognised that some of the most pressing …

Plan Management For The Cottesloe Reef Fish Habitat Protection Area., Fisheries Western Australia

Fisheries management papers

This document is the final Plan of Management for the Cottesloe Reef FHPA. The significant contribution made by the CMPG and members of the community in the preparation of this plan is acknowledged and appreciated by the Department of Fisheries. The overall objective of the Plan of Management is to promote and encourage protection of the Cottesloe Reef aquatic habitat and involve the community in its management. It is anticipated that the establishment of the Cottesloe Reef FHPA will provide a framework, through regulations and education, to manage human activities that have, or may have, a destructive impact on the …

An Armington Model Of The U.S. Demand For Scallops, Fuzhi Cheng

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The supply of scallops in the United States in recent years has remained relatively stable and the supply source has shifted noticeably from domestic production to imports, especially from China and Japan, where aquaculture production of scallops has been successful. During the past decade, the market share of imported scallops has increased drastically. The scallop fishery in the U.S. is now facing potential competitions from imports. Continuing efforts to provide information on the effect of increasing imports on the U.S. scallop market is warranted. In addition, the impacts of supply increases on domestic scallop prices, either through wild stock enhancement …

Fish Protection Measures To Ensure Fish For The Future, Jo Bunting

Fisheries management papers

The protection of Western Australia's aquatic animals, plants and habitats is important for many reasons. Fish, and many aquatic invertebrates, have significant commercial, recreational and social importance. Aquatic habitats provide food, refuge and breeding areas for fish and other animals. In addition, some habitats, such as rocky reefs and seagrass meadows, act as nursery sites for juvenile animals. Some habitats and their inhabitants (such as coral reefs) also have aesthetic values which support economically and socially important industries, such as tourism.

Mirror Self-Recognition In The Bottlenose Dolphin: A Case Of Cognitive Convergence, Diana Reiss, Lori Marino

Sentience Collection

The ability to recognize oneself in a mirror is an exceedingly rare capacity in the animal kingdom. To date, only humans and great apes have shown convincing evidence of mirror self-recognition. Two dolphins were exposed to reflective surfaces, and both demonstrated responses consistent with the use of the mirror to investigate marked parts of the body. This ability to use a mirror to inspect parts of the body is a striking example of evolutionary convergence with great apes and humans.

Confounding The Goals Of Management: Response Of The Maine Lobster Industry To A Trap Limit, James Acheson

Marine Sciences Faculty Scholarship

The behavior of fishermen is often far more complicated than assumed by fisheries managers. Those concerned with the Maine lobster (i.e., American lobster Homarus americanus, hereafter "lobster") fishery have long favored a cap on the number of traps each license holder can use. Fishermen favor trap limits primarily to cut costs and limit congestion, and managers believe such limits will help reduce fishing effort. Yet when trap limits were imposed by the legislature and the lobster zone councils between 1995 and 1998, the number of traps fished in Maine waters increased greatly. A survey of half the lobster license holders …

Capitalism And The Value Of Life: Foot-And-Mouth And The Culling Of Herds, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article describes some psychological implications of culling as an intervention to help combat the spread of foot-and-mouth disease.

Draft Plan Of Management For The Cottesloe Reef Proposed Fish Habitat Protection Area., Fisheries Western Australia

Fisheries management papers

The aim of this management plan is to promote and encourage the protection and rehabilitation of the aquatic habitat at Cottesloe Reef and to involve the community in its management.

Trends. The Psycho-Politics Of Foot In Mouth On Foot In Mouth: Pigs, Sheep, Cows, Politicians On The Animal Farm, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses agricultural policy in the United Kingdom regarding foot and mouth disease of cloven-hoofed animals.

Final Plan Of Management For The Lancelin Island Lagoon Fish Habitat Protection Area., Fisheries Western Australia, Australian Marine Conservation Society Friends Of Lancelin Island.

Fisheries management papers

The Lancelin Island Lagoon is a small area of reef habitat on the western side of Lancelin Island and a popular snorkelling and diving destination. Water depth ranges from less than 0.3 m on the intertidal reefs to less than 3 m on the sand or seagrass-covered bottom. The area has a diverse array of benthic marine habitat. During a marine survey of the area, over 200 flora and fauna species were positively identified, with many more remaining unidentified due to the diversity of species supported in this marine environment. The survey, which was facilitated by direct observations and photographs, …

Size Matters: Impact Of Item Size And Quantity On Array Choice By Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes), Sarah T. Boysen, Gary G. Berntson, Kimberly L. Mukobi

Sentience Collection

The authors previously reported that chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) showed a striking bias to select the larger of 2 candy arrays, despite a reversed reward contingency in which the animals received the smaller, nonselected array as a reward, except when Arabic numerals were used as stimuli. A perceptual or incentive-based interference occurred that was overcome by symbolic stimuli. The authors of the present study examined the impact of element size in choice arrays, using 1 to 5 large and small candies. Five test-sophisticated chimpanzees selected an array from the 2 presented during each trial. Their responses were not optimal, as animals …

Instructions For Authors, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Sulfur Amino Acid Requirements Of Broilers From Two To Five Weeks Of Age, Jill A. Townsend, H. R. (Trey) Pope, Jason L. Emmert

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Phase-feeding (PF) in broiler chickens has been researched as a way to reduce feed costs without reducing growth performance and yield. Predicted amino acid requirements for PF are generated using linear regression equations derived from best estimates of lysine (Lys), sulfur amino acid (SAA), and threonine (Thr) requirements. During the late starter and early grower periods, predicted requirements for the SAA methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) are higher than levels recommended by the National Research Council (NRC), and previous research suggests that SAA may be lowered during the grower period without sacrificing growth performance or yield. The objective of this …

Development Of The Interactive Broiler Income Spreadsheet, Tara Shofner, H. L. Goodwin Jr.

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

The poultry industry has experienced unprecedented increased efficiencies since 1960 in large part due to vertical integration facilitated by production contracts between growers and integrators. As growers seek information about contract production they need to be well informed about all aspects of the process, especially potential income. Recent poultry grower complaints have surfaced as a result of incorrect expense and revenue expectations. The Interactive Broiler Income Spreadsheet (IBIS) is being developed to enable current and prospective poultry producers to better estimate income. IBIS, an unbiased Excel™ spreadsheet tool to assist in decision making regarding broiler production profitability, uses actual grower …

Vasotocin Receptor Expression In The Brain And Pituitary Gland During The Ovulatory Cycle Of The Fowl, Kelly Shaffer, Jorge A. Vizcarra, John Kirby

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Vasotocin receptors are members of seven transmembrane spanning G-protein associated receptors. Several isoforms have been recognized in mammals and birds. It has been shown that VT-1 expression occurs primarily in the brain while VT-2 expression occurs mainly in the pituitary. There is no current evidence to support that both VTR-1 and -2 are found in a single tissue. Our goal in this experiment was to see if VT-1 and VT-2 receptor mRNA expression varied in known sites of expression over the period of the ovulatory cycle of broiler breeder hens. In order to study potential changes in VT-1 and VT-2 …

Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Response And Macrophage Function During Eimeria Adenoeides Infection In Turkey Poults, Amanda D. Drake, Sarah E. Heuer, Timothy G. Kimball, Timothy O. Peters, H. David Chapman, Gisela F. Erf

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Intestinal coccidiosis, caused by various species of Eimeria, is an economically important disease of chickens and turkeys. The peripheral blood leukocyte response and macrophage functions during a coccidial infection in turkeys have not been defined. To examine these aspects of innate immunity during primary Eimeria infection in turkeys, 4-week-old poults were orally inoculated with either 50,000 E. adenoeides oocyst (24 infected poults) or water (24 control poults). To monitor the concentrations and proportions of white blood cells (WBC) throughout the course of infection, heparinized blood was collected from 12 infected and 12 control poults prior to inoculation (day 0), and …

The Possible Enzymatic Differences Between Cattle And Sheep In Their Response To Ergot Alkaloids, Susan M. Cannon, Charles F. Rosenkrans, Ali Moubarak

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Ergotamine is an ergot alkaloid associated with fescue toxicosis of livestock who have grazed endophyte-infected fescue. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect individual or species-specific differences in the metabolism of ergotamine by liver cytochrome P450 of sheep and cattle. Livers were collected from four steers and two sheep. The diet of the steers used in this study consisted of two being fed a grain diet, one steer grazing endophyte-infected fescue, and the final steer grazing endophyte-free fescue. The two lambs were both fed a grain diet. Livers were prepared and examined for the disappearance of ergotamine and …

Letter From The Dean, Gregory J. Weidemann

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 2 2001, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Tiger Restoration In Asia: Ecological Theory Vs. Sociological Reality, Ronald Tilson, Philip J. Nyhus, Neil Franklin

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Modifying Water Nipples For Newborn Pigs, P. A. Phillips, D. Fraser

Learning Ability Collection

The use of bite nipples by piglets during the first six days after birth was monitored by time-lapse video recording. Simple bite nipples, mounted at a downward angle, were not discovered by most piglets within the six days, even after the nipple had been modified to drip water continuously. However, two modifications resulted in most piglets discovering the nipple within three days. These modifications were (1) mounting the nipple close to the floor with an upward angle and (2) adding a short length of chain to the valve lever

The State Of The Animals: 2001, Deborah J. Salem, Andrew N. Rowan

How has the state of animals improved in the last half century? How has it worsened? Where are gains made on behalf of animals under threat? In one landmark volume, distinguished scholars and experts examine these questions–and offer often-provocative answers–for farm animals, companion animals, laboratory animals, zoo animals, and wildlife worldwide.

The Ethical Limits Of Domestication: A Critique Of Henry Heffner’S Arguments, Colin Allen, Marc Bekoff, Lori Gruen

Experimentation Collection

Henry E. Heffner argues that “animals bred for research are properly viewed as animals who have successfully invaded the laboratory niche, relying heavily on kin selection to perpetuate their genes.” (1999, p. 134). This view of human–animal interactions is the cornerstone of his defense of animal experimentation in two widely-distributed papers (Heffner 1999, 2001). We argue that Heffner’s defense lacks adequate attention to ethical distinctions and principles.

Fertility Control In Animals, Jay F. Kirkpatrick, Allen T. Rutberg

State of the Animals 2001

There are, effectively, only two choices for actively managing the size of animal populations: reducing the birth rate and increasing the death rate. (Local population size may also be controlled by movement of individuals in and out; but when the size of animal populations concerns us, movement of individuals merely relocates the concerns. We are not absolved of our responsibility for animals simply because they go somewhere else.) Killing certainly can reduce and even destroy wildlife populations if enough animals of the right description are removed from the population. Until the last decade of the twentieth century, however, fertility control …

Tail Docking Dairy Cattle: Effects On Cow Cleanliness And Udder Health, Cassandra B. Tucker, David Fraser, Daniel M. Weary

Farm Animal Husbandry Collection

To determine whether tail docking would influence cow cleanliness and udder health in a free-stall system, we monitored milking cows after half the animals in a herd were docked. A sample of 223 docked and 190 undocked cows (reducing to 169 and 105 over the study as cows were dried off) were monitored for 8 wk. Cow cleanliness was scored in two areas: along the spine, and the rump adjacent to the tail at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 wk after docking. Cleanliness was evaluated by counting squares that were soiled (0 to 14 on a 5- × 17.5-cm …