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Articles 1 - 30 of 109
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Fraternity, Martyrdom And Peace In Burundi: The Forty Servants Of God Of Buta, Jodi Mikalachki
Fraternity, Martyrdom And Peace In Burundi: The Forty Servants Of God Of Buta, Jodi Mikalachki
Journal of Global Catholicism
During Burundi's 1993-2005 civil war, students at Buta Minor Seminary were ordered at gunpoint to separate by ethnicity—Hutus over here, Tutsis over there! They chose instead to join hands and affirm their common identity as children of God. The forty students killed were quickly proclaimed martyrs of fraternity. Their costly solidarity defused the cry for reprisals and continues to inspire Burundians and others on the path of reconciliation. Drawing on fifty interviews with survivors, parents of martyrs, neighbors, religious leaders and other Burundian intellectuals, this essay examines how Burundian Catholics understand the significance of the Buta martyrdom to their …
Tanger : Géocritique D’Un Espace Intermédiaire, Cheikh M.S. Diop
Tanger : Géocritique D’Un Espace Intermédiaire, Cheikh M.S. Diop
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Tangier is a city with several faces that oscillates between reality and imagination. Intermediate space between Africa and Europe, it occupies a geostrategic position which has aroused the covetousness of the East (with the Phoenicians then the Arabs). Novelistic city, it fascinates for its syncretic mythology, its economic stake, its role of civilizational bridge and its appearance of “coquettish” land. We propose here to carry out a geocritical analysis of this Tangier evocated by Tahar Ben Jelloun, Driss Chraibi and Amin Maalouf, to the prisms of the foundations of the concept and other theories of space.
Géotropisme De Chamoiseau, Jean-Louis Cornille
Géotropisme De Chamoiseau, Jean-Louis Cornille
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
There seems to be a strange parallel between the vegetable kingdom in which Patrick Chamoiseau sets his Biblique des derniers gestes and the way the narrative is being played out. The mangrove, with its entangled roots and stems, constitutes a perfect image of the novel, whose multiple branches are no longer anchored in any reality or in a centralised system, but seem moved by a principle which we could call “bibliotropic”, since in Biblique one could easily find traces of Perse, García Márquez, Glissant, Césaire and even of Rabelais. But certain “stems” are more difficult to track within this dense …
« Banlieue Noire » : La Question Noire Dans La Littérature Urbaine Contemporaine, Stève Puig
« Banlieue Noire » : La Question Noire Dans La Littérature Urbaine Contemporaine, Stève Puig
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Just as the “beur” movement started to flourish in France in the 80’s and the 90’s, a new question has emerged in French society in the last decade: the “black question”, which deals with the place of Africans and Antilleans in French society today. At the same time, a new literary genre has emerged: urban literature, which largely tackles themes related to the presence of Afro-caribbean people in metropolitan France. This article seeks to analyze three urban novels which take place in France, and more specifically how characters situate themselves regarding their Frenchness as the French government attempted to redefine …
Les Fondements Littéraires De La Réception D’Aimé Césaire Au Bénin, Guy Ossito Midiohouan
Les Fondements Littéraires De La Réception D’Aimé Césaire Au Bénin, Guy Ossito Midiohouan
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Aime Cesaire is a popular writer in Benin. Evidence lies in the increasing number of writers and scholars who have been supporting his ideas since the 60s. His books are on secondary school as well as university curricula. He has enjoyed more attention in the 1990s with the advent of democracy and the notable influence of then Head of State N. D. Soglo who is a keen admirer of his political career. Cesaire is held in such an esteem in Benin because he is capable of going beyond his natal Caribbean and willingly express the sad destiny of Africa ever …
Le Français De Tunisie. Normes Ou Formes Endogènes, Foued Laroussi
Le Français De Tunisie. Normes Ou Formes Endogènes, Foued Laroussi
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
The article deals with some lexical and morphosyntactic aspects of Tunisian French based on examples taken from literary works and the press. These are for the most part lexemes borrowed from Tunisian Arabic, some of which are accepted as standard French. the debate on Tunisian French takes place in a multilingual sociolinguistic context in which users adopt a variety of sometimes conflicting positions. While some attempt to legitimize an endogenous norm, others cling to the exogenous norm which they take as a reference especially in an educational context.
Quels Écrivains Francophones Pour Quelles Normes ?, Daniel Delas
Quels Écrivains Francophones Pour Quelles Normes ?, Daniel Delas
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
With the benefit of historical hindsight, the rise of endogenous linguistic norms, justified in literary practices, can be reassessed. The firstg eneration of African writers such as Camara Laye and Léopold Sédar Senghor, because of their normative educational background, favoured exogenous French standards in their writing. Yet, Kourouma’s fiction is a turning point which initiated new literary practices, borrowing much from ordinary ways of speaking. Does it mean that French in Africa now follows endogenous norms? Without vouching for it, one can at least state the importance of recognizing African literature in French as a major form of expression.
La Poésie Hors-Normes De Mohamed Hmoudane Ou L’Art De La Provocation, Yamna Abdelkader
La Poésie Hors-Normes De Mohamed Hmoudane Ou L’Art De La Provocation, Yamna Abdelkader
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Poetry is often understood as a series of deviations from linguistic norms, but Mohamed Hmoudane’s collections appear to be a systematic subversive strategy against both aesthetic conventions and prevailing assumptions about Eastern and Western identitarian categories. Published between 2003 and 2005, the works entitled Attentat, incandescence and Blanche mécanique avert poetic clichés as they invert cultural stereotypes, taking a most satirical stance toward the state of the world at the dawn of a new millenium. The pervasive sense of detachment resulting from Hmoudane’s satirical tendencies is associated with a poetics of excess, and this paradoxical union serves as a powerful …
Normes Endogènes : Pratiques Culturelles, Traduction Impossible, Rafaël Lucas
Normes Endogènes : Pratiques Culturelles, Traduction Impossible, Rafaël Lucas
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
The words novel, drama and poetry can be translated because they refer to well-known specific concepts. Words referring to endogenous or indigenous forms and norms with cultural codes unknown to us cannot be translated. The translation of these words does not provide much information about them. The word koteba in bambara, a language spoken in Mali, means “a big snail”. The word hainteny (science of speech in Malagasy) refers to a specific type of popular oral poetry. What does the word concert-party (used in Nigeria, Ghana, Togo) or the Swahili word manganja mean? An analysis of these endogenous genres with …
De Quelques Normes Esthétiques Endogènes Non Légitimées : Exemples De La Littérature Aja-Fon Du Bénin, Jean-Norbert Vignondé
De Quelques Normes Esthétiques Endogènes Non Légitimées : Exemples De La Littérature Aja-Fon Du Bénin, Jean-Norbert Vignondé
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Uusing endogenous aesthetic norms as critical tool, we do not purport to evaluate the avatars of the French language outside of the Hexagon. instead, we locate the languages of the “periphery,” and particularly the Aja-Fon language of Benin, at the center of our inquiry to examine the means by which those languages move away from a text initially constructed on the basis of Western endogenous norms. We proceed to show that only “community intellectuals” can create a dialogue between truly endogenous norms and the universal culturesince“intellectuals by qualification” are often only capable of reproducing the exogenous norms of the Western …
Beyala Et Le Plagiat : Gary, Buten Et Walker Pourvoyeurs De Textes, Kisito Hona
Beyala Et Le Plagiat : Gary, Buten Et Walker Pourvoyeurs De Textes, Kisito Hona
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
If the name of Calixthe Beyala seems to be linked to controversial issues, it is also because she was repeatedly suspected and accused of plagiarism. One of these accusations led to her condemnation by the tribunal of Paris on May 7th, 1996. The purpose of this article consists not only in recapitulating the facts, but also, in capitalizing on them to study the phenomenon of plagiarism in general and the specifi c aspects which it takes with this writer.
Calixthe Beyala Chez Les Scandinaves, Ylva Lindberg
Calixthe Beyala Chez Les Scandinaves, Ylva Lindberg
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
The study focuses on the circulation of literature in the world and it takes as an example the publication of the literary works of Beyala in Scandinavia. The reception of her novels is analyzed on the basis of commentaries by critics in Swedish media. The analysis shows that the Swedes construct their own image of the author. In order to find interpretation tools they link her texts to their own literary patrimony and they take into account the exoticism inherent in her novels. It thus becomes legitimate, apt to serve current ebates in Sweden, for example about feminism and cultural …
Écriture Et Oralité Dans L’Oeuvre De Calixthe Beyala, Gloria Nne Onyeziri
Écriture Et Oralité Dans L’Oeuvre De Calixthe Beyala, Gloria Nne Onyeziri
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
A reading of several works of Beyala will help us consider the way orality works for African women and to suggest new forms of the symbolic representation and of narrative framing drawn from the speech of the people. Reference to their African culture, to their consciousness of cultural identity, helps characters such as Édène, Loukoum and Beyala to define themselves and to lay claim to a critical and self-confi dent voice. They learn from orality the ways of saying of the wise, what is to be retained and transmitted through traditional culture and what aspects of collective memory are better …
De Stock À Albin Michel : Beyala Et L’Édition, Bernard De Meyer
De Stock À Albin Michel : Beyala Et L’Édition, Bernard De Meyer
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Beyala has remained faithful to the publisher Albin Michel for her fictional work since the publication of Le petit prince de Belleville in 1992, but her four fi rst novels had three different publishers. A study of her relationship with the publishing world during this period shows her desire for recognition on the Parisian literary scene, which was ready to take up the challenge by publishing the novel of an unknown African woman writer. A careful analysis of paratextual elements, in particular the titrology, and of the contents of the novels reveals that Calixthe Beyala enters into a direct conversation …
Calixte Beyala Ou La Réécriture De La Littérature Coloniale Française, Frieda Ekotto
Calixte Beyala Ou La Réécriture De La Littérature Coloniale Française, Frieda Ekotto
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
This article shows how Calixthe Beyala, in Le petit prince de Belleville (1992) and Maman a un amant (1993), presents the character of the child as producer of sociopolitical and historical discourse. By using the child as narrator, Beyala rewrites the colonial literature of the interwar period extending from Francis Carco to Mac Orlan from a less noble perspective. As producer of certain racist discourses, the child is singled out as the one who represents life and assures the future of the community.
Enjeux Du Message Anticolonialiste En Métropole Dans Les Années 1950 : La Critique Journalistique De Trois Romans De Mongo Beti Et De Ferdinand Oyono, Vivan Steemers
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
This paper examines the effectiveness of the anticolonialist message in three novels published in 1956 by two Cameroonian writers -- Mongo Beti and Ferdinand Oyono-- by analyzing in particular their reception by French metropolitan reviewers. African writers of the 1950s depended exclusively on the metropolitan literary institutions and authorities for their recognition, i.e. the publishing houses and press of the colonial power. Mongo Beti and Ferdinand Oyono were among the first francophone African novelists to criticize the colonial regime. Nevertheless, important differences exist in the Africanist discourse of the critics who reviewed the novels when they were first published. We …
Images De Femmes: Une H/Histoire De La France En Algérie À Travers Les Carnets D’Orient De Jacques Ferrandez, Carla Calargé
Images De Femmes: Une H/Histoire De La France En Algérie À Travers Les Carnets D’Orient De Jacques Ferrandez, Carla Calargé
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
My article analyses the representation of women in the Carnets d’Orient, a graphic novel series that tells the (hi)story of Algeria since its colonial conquest by the French army until its independence in 1962. I argue that the representation of women in the series varies not only according to the periods represented in the work, but also and more importantly according to the evolution that took place in the author himself while working on the series. the essay is organized in three parts according to three historical periods. The first period is that of the colonial conquest of Algeria (1830-1872) …
Je E(S)T L’Autre, Nadia Duchêne
Je E(S)T L’Autre, Nadia Duchêne
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Immigration and otherness represent core concerns in contemporary society and, as such, give rise to debate and discussion in many disciplines. the question of otherness also arises as a recurrent and key subject in the field of literature. Tahar Ben Jelloun’s novel Partir is replete with the ambivalence of otherness: attraction/aversion; difference/similarity; lack/exile; native/foreigner; close/distant; normal/deviant and as such provides a laboratory where the expression of otherness in discourse can be dissected. We will examine the perception and the issue of otherness in the novel as well as the strength of its representations.
Le Théâtre Amateur Marocain. Trajectoire D’Un Théâtre Alternatif, Omar Fertat
Le Théâtre Amateur Marocain. Trajectoire D’Un Théâtre Alternatif, Omar Fertat
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Modern Moroccan theatre was born with non-professional artists and has remained intimately linked to this milieu. Unlike professional playwrights, non-professional artists have never bowed to the demands of political authorities, whether it be the French administration or the local Makhzen. They used this artistic medium as a forum for debate and resistance against the oppressor. This freedom of expression operated not just at the political level but also at the aesthetic level. Since non-professionals were not constrained by the need to please an audience fond of social comedies and melodramas, they could explore more risky avant-garde paths. In spite of …
Le Roman Africain : Drame Or Histoire, Bernard Mouralis
Le Roman Africain : Drame Or Histoire, Bernard Mouralis
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
For a long time, African novelists claimed filiation with realism. But there is in realism a deep contradiction between the will of describing the social world and the will of changing it. From this contradiction, the paper studies : the relation between theatre and novel ; the question of citizenship in the novel ; the place of the novel in front of knowledge and action. The novel shows dynamics and characters living in the time. So, it tends to wander from the principle of knowledge and self-consciousness.
Mutations Politiques Et Processus De Légitimation Culturelle : Considérations Sur Le Théâtre Populaire Camerounais, Pierre Fandio
Mutations Politiques Et Processus De Légitimation Culturelle : Considérations Sur Le Théâtre Populaire Camerounais, Pierre Fandio
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
All forms of theatre have never been perceived the same way in contemporary Cameroon. Whereas the written theatre relatively received an acceptable treatment from the official instances of recognition, the non-written one has always been excluded. This communication sets out to show how, from this marginalized position and palpably inspired at the same time from the Italian commedia dell’arte, the French vaudeville and the African traditional dramaturgic shape, a new and popular form of theatre came to existence. Thanks to the exceptional capacity of adaptation and innovation of its discourse and thematic, the offer of this “street dramaturgy” rather matches …
La Dramatisation De L’Écriture Chez Sony Labou Tansi, Georges Ngal
La Dramatisation De L’Écriture Chez Sony Labou Tansi, Georges Ngal
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
As an author always articulates his writing with idioms that reflect a specific time period and a given social group, Sony Labou Tansi talks about “tropicalité”, and gives himself the goal to create multiple “tropicalités”.
L’Écriture De La Perte Chez Assia Djebar, Lila Kermas
L’Écriture De La Perte Chez Assia Djebar, Lila Kermas
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
This study proposes a reflexion on the feeling of “loss” as a source of literary creation. The different tensions generated by an hybrid identity of a character in a quest, especially in La disparition de la langue française (“disappearance of the French language”) by Assia Djebar ; what matters here is to see how the feeling of crisis and the split reveals itself and how it dissolves in and through (the process of) writing.
De La Parole Poétique À La Parole Politique Dans Les Oeuvres Théâtrales D’Aimé Césaire Et De Sony Labou Tansi, Virginie Darriet-Féréol
De La Parole Poétique À La Parole Politique Dans Les Oeuvres Théâtrales D’Aimé Césaire Et De Sony Labou Tansi, Virginie Darriet-Féréol
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
Aimé Césaire and Sony Labou Tansi wished for acting and voicing for their people both on the political and literary level. By choosing the drama, they presented the language. By creating a new language, a new literature, a new artistic aesthetics, consequently a new trend of thinking, their writing served policy.
L’Art De L’« Écrire » Chez Patrick Chamoiseau, Savrina Parevadee Chinien
L’Art De L’« Écrire » Chez Patrick Chamoiseau, Savrina Parevadee Chinien
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
In the works of Patrick Chamoiseau, the act of writing is a main, recurrent theme. The narrator, often, tries to define himself through his writings which have their own autonomy in the novel. This character questions his writing and is torn by the dissatisfaction he feels to get close to the “breath” of the creole storyteller : the chasm between orality and writing creates suffering. He, then, advocates l’“écrire”, closer, according to him, to the utterance of the storyteller and free of the “constraints” of an occidental writing, which he considers as stamped by the ideology of the Universal.
Genres Populaires Et « Érographiques » En Afrique Francophone : Le Cas Des Romans De La Collection Adoras, Sathya Rao
Genres Populaires Et « Érographiques » En Afrique Francophone : Le Cas Des Romans De La Collection Adoras, Sathya Rao
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
This article will take the Adoras novels as a case study to address the aesthetics and institutional issues related to the emergence of popular literature in francophone Africa. As the promoter of an “erographic” discourse that strives to accommodate modernity and tradition, francophone romance, which has been largely under-examined if not denigrated, raises a wide range of questions on the status of francophone literature, the socioeconomic constraints on publication in Africa, and the construction of a truly African erotic imaginary.
Soleil, Sexe Et Vidéo: La Comédie Populaire Aux Antilles, Françoise Naudillon
Soleil, Sexe Et Vidéo: La Comédie Populaire Aux Antilles, Françoise Naudillon
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
The comedy of manners presented in the form of play or in the form of sketches or playlet by the medium of videos and DVDs is a phenomenon that develops in Guadeloupe, Martinique and Guyana, but also in France. These productions are the link between communities in the Creole area (Guadeloupe, Martinique and Guyana) and the outside (metropolitan France and diaspora). They will be analyzed for their popular and scholarly features between erudite comedy and farce, between traditional and postcréolitaire cultural affirmation, between Creole and French, between Italian theatre and yardplay, between creole comedy and vaudeville, between negropolitan diaspora and …
Le Feu Sous La Soutane, Roman Populaire? Du Génocide À Sa Transposition Fictionnelle, Josias Semyjanga
Le Feu Sous La Soutane, Roman Populaire? Du Génocide À Sa Transposition Fictionnelle, Josias Semyjanga
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
A reflective, first-person account, Benjamin Sehene’s Le feu sous la soutane is the story of memories of a double crime of rape and genocide by a Catholic priest, Father Stanislas. At the beginning of the killings of the Tutsi, some people take refuge in a parish in Kigali. Its priest takes under his protection a few Tutsi women, hiding them in the presbytery. But, the Holy man will rape them. He also participates alongside with the Hutu militia to the extermination of the Tutsi who came to take refuge in the parish. Later the priest took refuge in France where …
Quand On Vient Aussi De L’Autre Monde: Appartenance(S), Conflit(S) Et Déchirement(S) Dans L’Enfant Des Deux Mondes De Karima Berger, Carla Calargé
Quand On Vient Aussi De L’Autre Monde: Appartenance(S), Conflit(S) Et Déchirement(S) Dans L’Enfant Des Deux Mondes De Karima Berger, Carla Calargé
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
My essay analyzes Karima Berger’s first novel, L’enfant des deux mondes (1989). The author who has been living in France for more than 25 years tells the story of a Muslim Arab girl (herself ?) educated in the French school system of pre-independent Algeria. In this study, I examine linguistic, cultural and religious issues raised by the novel in an effort to identify the factors that keep the protagonist imprisoned in a permanent state of being in-between-two-worlds without fully belonging to any of them.
Pugnacité Et Pouvoir: La Représentation Des Femmes Dans Les Fi Lms D’Ousmane Sembène, Sheila Petty
Pugnacité Et Pouvoir: La Représentation Des Femmes Dans Les Fi Lms D’Ousmane Sembène, Sheila Petty
Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature
As a pioneer of African fi lmmaking, Ousmane Sembène has demonstrated a remarkable dedication to exploring the importance of women in African society. From the struggle against colonial oppression by Diouana in La Noire de… (1966) at the beginning of his career, to the character of Kiné and her struggle to build a life for her children in postcolonial Senegal in Faat Kiné (2000), Sembène has portrayed African women as agents of change and courage in their societies. This essay explores women’s representations in two fi lms from Sembène’s oeuvre, including Black Girl (1966) and Faat Kine (2000). Using narrative …